ERS - Rotating machinery

2020-12-25 - IEC Corrected Version

This part of IEC 60034 applies to large three-phase synchronous generators, having rated
outputs of 10 MVA and above driven by steam turbines or combustion gas turbines. Also
included are synchronous Mvar compensators of the same output range connected to a grid for
the purpose of exchanging reactive power.
This document supplements basic requirements for rotating machines given in IEC 60034-1.
Common requirements are specified together with specific requirements for air, hydrogen or
liquid cooled synchronous generators or compensators.
This document also gives the precautions to be taken when using hydrogen cooled generators
including:
• rotating exciters driven by synchronous generators;
• auxiliary equipment needed for operating the generators;
• parts of the building where hydrogen might accumulate.
These requirements also apply to a synchronous generator driven by both a steam turbine and
a combustion gas turbine as part of a single shaft combined cycle unit.
These requirements do not apply to synchronous generators driven by water (hydraulic)
turbines or wind turbines.
NOTE The precautions taken when using hydrogen are valid for all cases where hydrogen is used as a coolant.

This part of IEC 60034 specifies test methods and an interpolation procedure for determining
losses and efficiencies of converter-fed motors within the scope of IEC 60034-1:2017. The
motor is then part of a variable frequency power drive system (PDS) as defined in
IEC 61800-9-2:2017.
Applying the approach of the comparable converter, the motor efficiency determined by use of
this document is applicable for comparison of different motor designs only.
The document also specifies procedures to determine motor losses at any load point (torque,
speed) within the base speed range (constant torque range, constant flux range) based on
determination of losses at seven standardized load points. This procedure is applicable to any
variable speed AC motor (induction and synchronous) rated according to IEC 60034-1:2017 for
operation on a variable frequency and variable voltage power supply.

This part of IEC 60034 applies to the classification of degrees of protection provided by
enclosures for rotating electrical machines. It defines the requirements for protective enclosures
that are in all other respects suitable for their intended use and which, from the point of view of
materials and workmanship, ensure that the properties dealt with in this document are
maintained under normal conditions of use.
This document does not specify degrees of protection against mechanical damage of the
machine, or conditions such as moisture (produced for example by condensation), corrosive
dust and vapour, fungus or vermin.
This document is also applicable to explosion proof machines, but it does not specifiy the types
of protection for use in a potentially explosive (dust, gas) environment. Those are defined in the
IEC 60079 series of standards.
In certain applications (such as agricultural or domestic appliances), more extensive
precautions against accidental or deliberate contact may be specified.
This document gives definitions for standard degrees of protection provided by enclosures
applicable to rotating electrical machines as regards the:
a) protection of persons against contacts with or approach to live parts and against contact
with moving parts (other than smooth rotating shafts and the like) inside the enclosure and
protection of the machine against ingress of solid foreign objects;
b) protection of machines against the harmful effects due to ingress of water;
c) protection of machines against the harmful effects due to ingress of dust.
It gives designations for these protective degrees and tests to be performed to check that the
machines meet the requirements of this document.

This document applies to carbon brushes for electrical machinery. For the present, it applies only to carbon brushes for commutators and slip-rings in rotating machines. Terms and definitions are relative to the brush construction (references 100’s to 500’s and parts of 900’s) and to the markings when operating on a rotating machine (references 600’s to 800’s). By extension, terms and definitions may be relevant for any kind of sliding electrical contacts for electrical machinery.

EN IEC 60034-18-41 defines criteria for assessing the insulation system of stator/rotor windings which are subjected to voltage-source pulse-width-modulation (PWM) drives. It applies to stator/rotor windings of single or polyphase AC machines with insulation systems for converter operation. It describes qualification tests and quality control (type and routine) tests on representative samples or on completed machines which verify fitness for operation with voltage source converters. This standard does not apply to: - rotating machines which are only started by converters; - rotating electrical machines with rated voltage ≤ 300 V r.m.s.; - rotor windings of rotating electrical machines operating at ≤ 200 V (peak).

This part of IEC 60034 covers the procedures necessary to ensure the satisfactory repair, overhaul, and reclamation of all types and sizes of rotating electrical machines covered by the IEC 60034 series. The standard creates a generic industry procedure covering common aspects of a complete repair. The scope of work depends on the machine type, rating, condition, and the importance of plant reliability and safety. It includes - determining cause of failure, where necessary; - determining the extent of repair, as applicable; - defining revised performance, operating and ambient conditions, if required; - reviewing the original design, and upgrading the specification of the design, if required; - proving the quality and performance of the repaired machine, maintaining or improving the rated energy efficiency; - ensuring environmental considerations are taken into account. This document does not supersede the requirements prescribed in IEC 60079-19 or elsewhere concerning the repair and overhaul for machines used in explosive atmospheres. Machines for special applications such as hermetic, submersible, nuclear, hydrogen cooled machines, military, aviation and traction motors might have additional requirements, which are the subject of agreement between the service facility and user. This document is not intended to take the place of the original machine manufacturer’s instructions and recommendations. Re-designs and performance changes requiring machine designer input are beyond the scope of this document.

This part of IEC 60034 applies to three-phase synchronous machines of 1 kVA rating and
larger.
Most of the methods are intended to be used for machines having an excitation winding with
slip-rings and brushes for their supply. Synchronous machines with brushless excitation
require special effort for some of the tests. For machines with permanent magnet excitation,
there is a limited applicability of the described tests, and special precautions should be taken
against irreversible demagnetization.
Excluded are axial-field machines and special synchronous machines such as inductor type
machines, transversal flux machines and reluctance machines.
It is not intended that this document be interpreted as requiring any or all of the tests
described therein on any given machine. The particular tests to be carried out are subject to
agreement between manufacturer and customer.

This part of IEC 60034 specifies the factory acceptance vibration test procedures and
vibration limits for certain electrical machines under specified conditions, when uncoupled
from any load or prime mover.
It is applicable to DC and three-phase AC machines, with shaft heights 56 mm and higher and
a rated output up to 50 MW, at operational speeds from 120 min–1 up to and including
15 000 min–1.
This document is not applicable to machines mounted in situ (on site), three-phase
commutator motors, single-phase machines, three-phase machines operated on single-phase
systems, vertical waterpower generators, turbine generators greater than 20 MW and
machines with magnetic bearings or series-wound machines.
NOTE For machines measured in situ, refer to applicable parts of ISO 20816, ISO 10816 and ISO 7919.

This part of IEC 60034 is applicable to all rotating electrical machines except those covered
by other IEC standards, for example, IEC 60349.
Machines within the scope of this document may also be subject to superseding, modifying or
additional requirements in other standards, for example, IEC 60079 and IEC 60092.
NOTE If particular clauses of this document are modified to meet special applications, for example machines
subject to radioactivity or machines for aerospace, all other clauses apply insofar as they are compatible.

This part of IEC 60034 provides recommended test procedures for the measurement of
insulation resistance and polarization index of stator and rotor winding insulation of
rotating electrical machines.
This document recommends minimum acceptable values of insulation resistance and
polarization index of winding insulation valid for fully processed low and high voltage AC and
DC rotating electrical machines with a rated power of 750 W or higher.

This part of IEC 60034 provides a common basis for:
– measuring techniques and instruments;
– the arrangement of test circuits;
– normalization and testing procedures;
– noise reduction;
– the documentation of test results;
– the interpretation of test results,
with respect to partial discharge off-line measurements on the winding insulation of rotating
electrical machines.
The measurement methods described in this document are applicable to stator windings of
machines with or without conductive slot coating and to the stator windings of machines made
with form wound or random wound windings. In special cases like high voltage rotor field
windings, this document is applicable as well. The measurement methods are applicable when
testing with alternating sinusoidal voltages from 0,1 Hz up to 400 Hz.
Interpretation guidelines are given in this document and are applicable only if all the following
requirements are fulfilled:
– Measurements performed with power frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz, or when testing with
power supply within a frequency range of 45 Hz to 65 Hz.
– Form wound windings and winding components such as bars and coils.
– Winding with conductive slot coating. This is usually valid for machines with voltage rating
of 6 kV and higher.
For machines with random wound windings, form-wound windings without conductive slot
coating, and testing at frequencies differing from power frequencies, the interpretation
guidelines are not applicable. The testing procedures for off-line PD-measurements of this
document can be used for assessing the uniform quality of manufacturing or/and the trending
of these kind of windings as well as converter driven machine windings.
NOTE Testing of low voltage machines with so called Type I insulation systems is defined in reference [10]1.
Testing procedures for qualification of converter driven high voltage machines with so called Type II insulation
systems are dealt with in IEC 60034-18-42 (in addition to the optional electric tests described therein).

This part of IEC 60034 specifies the parameters for eight designs of starting performance of
single-speed three-phase 50 Hz or 60 Hz cage induction motors in accordance with
IEC 60034-1 that:
– have a rated voltage up to 1 000 V;
– are intended for direct-on-line or star-delta starting;
– are rated on the basis of duty type S1;
– are constructed to any degree of protection and explosion protection.
This document also applies to dual voltage motors provided that the flux saturation level is the
same for both voltages.
The values of torque, apparent power and current given in this document are limiting values
(that is, minimum or maximum without tolerance).
NOTE 1 It is not expected that all manufacturers will produce machines for all eight designs. The selection of any
specific design in accordance with this document will be a matter of agreement between the manufacturer and the
purchaser.
NOTE 2 Designs other than the eight specified may be necessary for particular applications.
NOTE 3 It should be noted that values given in manufacturers' catalogues may include tolerances in accordance
with IEC 60034-1.
NOTE 4 The values tabled for locked rotor apparent power are based on r.m.s. symmetrical steady state locked
rotor currents; at motor switch on there will be a one-half cycle asymmetrical instantaneous peak current which
may range from 1,8 to 2,8 times the steady state locked rotor value. The current peak and decay time are a
function of the motor design and switching angle.

IEC/TS 60034-18-42:2008 defines criteria for assessing the insulation system of stator/rotor windings of single or polyphase AC machines which are subjected to repetitive impulse voltages, such as pulse width modulation converters, and expected to withstand partial discharge activity during service. It specifies electrical qualification and acceptance tests on representative samples which verify fitness for operation with voltage-source converters.

This part of IEC 60034 provides guidelines for the test procedures and the interpretation of
test results for dielectric dissipation factor measurements on the stator winding insulation of
rotating electrical machines. These guidelines are valid for rotating electrical machines with
conductive slot coatings operating at a rated voltage of 6 kV and higher.
This standard applies to individual form-wound stator bars and coils outside a core (uninstalled),
individual stator bars and coils installed in a core and complete form-wound stator
winding of machines in new or aged condition.
This International Standard applies to all kind of vacuum impregnated or resin-rich (fullyloaded)
taped bars, coils and complete windings. It is not applicable to non-impregnated individual
bars and coils or non-impregnated complete windings.
Requirements for the dielectric dissipation factor characteristics of individual form-wound stator
bars and coils of machines with rating voltages from 6 kV and higher when tested with
50 Hz or 60 Hz alternating voltages are given.

This part of IEC 60034 applies to d.c. machines rated 1 kW and above operating on rectifierfed
power supplies, d.c. buses or other d.c. sources.
Standardized methods are provided for determining characteristic quantities for conventional
and rectifier-fed d.c. machines.
Excluded are d.c machines for specific applications.
These methods supplement the requirements in IEC 60034-1 and IEC 60034-2-1.
NOTE It is not intended that this standard should be interpreted as requiring the carrying out of any or all of the
tests described therein on any given machine.

This part of IEC 60034 is intended to establish methods of determining efficiencies from tests,
and also to specify methods of obtaining specific losses.
This standard applies to d.c. machines and to a.c. synchronous and induction machines of all
sizes within the scope of IEC 60034-1.

This part of IEC 60034 applies to a.c. and d.c. machines and specifies
a) rules for the identification of winding connection points;
b) marking of winding terminals;
c) direction of rotation;
d) relationship between terminal markings and direction of rotation;
e) terminal marking of auxiliary devices;
f) connection diagrams of machines for common applications.
Turbine-type synchronous machines are excluded from this standard.

EN IEC 60034-30-1 specifies efficiency classes for single-speed electric motors that are rated according to IEC 60034-1 or IEC 60079-0, are rated for operation on a sinusoidal voltage supply and: • have a rated power PN from 0,12 kW to 1 000 kW; • have a rated voltage UN above 50 V up to 1 kV; • have 2, 4, 6 or 8 poles; • are capable of continuous operation at their rated power with a temperature rise within the specified insulation temperature class; • are marked with any ambient temperature within the range of -20 °C to + 60 °C; • are marked with an altitude up to 4000 m above sea level.

EN IEC 60034-18-41 defines criteria for assessing the insulation system of stator/rotor windings which are subjected to voltage-source pulse-width-modulation (PWM) drives. It applies to stator/rotor windings of single or polyphase AC machines with insulation systems for converter operation. It describes qualification tests and quality control (type and routine) tests on representative samples or on completed machines which verify fitness for operation with voltage source converters. This standard does not apply to: - rotating machines which are only started by converters; - rotating electrical machines with rated voltage ≤ 300 V r.m.s.; - rotor windings of rotating electrical machines operating at ≤ 200 V (peak).

This part of the IEC 60034 series applies to three-phase low-voltage cage induction motors of frame numbers 56 to 400 as specified in IEC 60072-1. This standard establishes procedures to obtain values for elements of single phase equivalent circuit diagrams from tests and defines standard elements of these diagrams.

This part of IEC 60034 gives test procedures for the thermal evaluation and classification of insulation systems used or proposed for use in wire-wound alternating current (a.c.) or direct current (d.c.) rotating electrical machines. The test performance of a candidate insulation system is compared to the test performance of a reference insulation system with proven service experience. IEC 60034-18-1 describes general testing principles applicable to thermal endurance testing of insulation systems used in rotating electrical machines. The principles of IEC 60034-18-1 are followed unless otherwise stated in IEC 60034-18-21.

This part of IEC 60034 gives test procedures for the evaluation of thermomechanical endurance of insulation systems of form-wound windings.
In this evaluation, the performance of a candidate system is compared to that of a reference insulation system with proven service experience.

This part of IEC 60034 describes thermal endurance test procedures for classification of insulation systems used in a.c. or d.c. rotating electrical machines with indirect cooling and form-wound windings. The test performance of a candidate insulation system is compared to the test performance of a reference insulation system with proven service experience. The test procedures described in IEC 60034-18-31 are intended to compare the thermal endurance performance of the mainwall insulation between conductor(s) and ground and, where required by the design of the coil or bar, the insulation between the turns. The test is not intended to simulate the in-service mechanical stresses experienced by the endwinding bracing or support materials. It does not include the evaluation of thermomechanical deterioration by expansion and contraction of insulation during temperature cycling. IEC 60034-18-1 describes general testing principles applicable to thermal endurance testing of insulation systems used in rotating electrical machines. The principles of IEC 60034-18-1 are followed unless otherwise stated in IEC60034-18-31. The thermal class for the insulation system refers to its maximum allowed (“hot spot”) temperature. The average temperature measured in service should not exceed the allowed temperature rise according to IEC 60034-1.

This part of IEC 60034 defines terms applicable to the excitation systems of synchronous rotating electrical machines.

This part of IEC 60034-18 describes procedures for evaluation of insulation systems by endurance testing where thermal and electrical stresses are applied simultaneously. The procedures are intended for insulation systems used, or proposed to be used, in a.c. electrical machines using form-wound windings. The test procedures provide a comparison of performance between reference and candidate systems at combinations of voltage and temperature which have been used separately to assess quality in the past and which are chosen to produce failures within a suitable timescale and at stresses within practical limits. The outcome of the test on the candidate insulation system will indicate whether it is better or worse than the reference system with proven service experience but will not enable a lifetime in service to be calculated. The evaluation described in this technical specification does not include stress grading.
The test procedures in this technical specification are not intended to establish the interaction between thermal and electrical stress in the ageing process nor endurance lines. If additional information is required on this interaction or in order to achieve endurance lines, it is necessary to undertake further tests in which electrical ageing is carried out at constant temperature and different voltages (IEC 60034-18-32) and thermal ageing is performed at different temperatures and constant voltage.

This part of IEC 60034 deals with the general guidelines for functional evaluation of electrical
insulation systems, used or proposed to be used in rotating electrical machines within the
scope of IEC 60034-1, in order to qualify them.

This part of IEC 60034 provides a guideline of technical aspects for the application of energyefficient, three-phase, electric motors. It not only applies to motor manufacturers, OEMs (original equipment manufacturers), end users, regulators and legislators but to all other interested parties.
This technical specification is applicable to all electrical machines covered by IEC 60034-30. Most of the information however is also relevant for cage-induction machines with output powers exceeding 375 kW.

This part of IEC 60034 is applicable to the on-line detection and diagnosis of failures at the active parts of multi-phase rotating electrical machines (induction and synchronous machines) and of bearing currents.

This part of IEC 60034-18 describes test procedures for the evaluation of electrical endurance of insulation systems for use in a.c. or d.c. rotating electrical machines using form-wound windings. The test procedures are comparative in nature, such that the performance of a candidate insulation system is compared to that of a reference insulation system with proven service experience. The test procedures are principally directed at the insulation systems in air-cooled machines but may also be used for evaluating parts of the insulation systems in hydrogen cooled machines. Note that the qualification procedures of inverter duty insulation systems for form-wound windings can be found in IEC 60034-18-42.

This part of IEC 60034 is applicable to all rotating electrical machines except those covered by other IEC standards, for example, IEC 60349 [10]1). Machines within the scope of this standard may also be subject to superseding, modifying or additional requirements in other publications, for example, IEC 60079 [8] and IEC 60092 [9].

This part of IEC 60034 applies to large rotating electrical machines and establishes additional methods of determining separate losses and to define an efficiency supplementing IEC 60034-2-1. These methods apply when full-load testing is not practical and result in a greater uncertainty. The specific methods described are: - Calibrated-machine method. - Retardation method. - Calorimetric method.

This part of IEC 60034 establishes the principal characteristics of a.c. generators under the control of their voltage regulators when used for reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engine driven generating set applications and supplements the requirements given in IEC 60034-1. It covers the use of such generators for land and marine use, but excludes generating sets used on aircraft or used to propel land vehicles and locomotives.

This part of IEC 60034 relates to a.c. machines incorporating form-wound stator coils. It specifies the test procedures and voltages to be applied to the main and interturn insulation of sample coils.

This part of IEC 60034 describes the design features and performance characteristics of a.c. motors specifically designed for use on converter supplies. It also specifies the interface parameters and interactions between the motor and the converter including installation guidance as part of a power drive system. The general requirements of relevant parts of the IEC 60034 series of standards also apply to motors within the scope of this technical specification.

This International Standard applies to machines covered by IEC 60034-1 when they cannot be loaded to a specific condition (rated or otherwise). It is applicable to both motors and generators.

This part of IEC 60034 applies to three-phase synchronous generators, having rated outputs of 10 MVA and above driven by steam turbines or combustion gas turbines. It supplements the basic requirements for rotating machines given in IEC 60034-1. Common requirements are prescribed together with specific requirements for air, for hydrogen or for liquid cooled synchronous generators. This part of IEC 60034 also gives the precautions to be taken when using hydrogen cooled generators including: - rotating exciters driven by synchronous generators; - auxiliary equipment needed for operating the generators; - parts of the building where hydrogen might accumulate.

This part of IEC 60034 applies to a.c. and d.c. machines and specifies
a) rules for the identification of winding connection points;
b) marking of winding terminals;
c) direction of rotation;
d) relationship between terminal markings and direction of rotation;
e) terminal marking of auxiliary devices;
f) connection diagrams of machines for common applications.
Turbine-type synchronous machines are excluded from this standard.

IEC published without FDIS stage

Specifies the factory acceptance vibration test procedures and vibration limits for certain electrical machines under specified conditions, when uncoupled from any load or prime mover. Is applicable to d.c. and three-phase a.c. machines, with shaft heights 56 mm and higher and a rated output up to 50 MW, at operational speeds up to 15 000 per minute.

Describes the effects of unbalanced voltages on theperformance of three-ohase cage indcution motors.

This part of IEC 60034:
– specifies test methods for the determination of sound power level of rotating electrical machines;
– specifies maximum A-weighted sound power levels for factory acceptance testing of rotating electrical machines in accordance with IEC 60034-1, having methods of cooling according to IEC 60034-6 and degrees of protection according to IEC 60034-5, and having the following characteristics:
• standard design, either a.c. or d.c., without additional special electrical, mechanical, or acoustical modifications intended to reduce the sound power level;
• rated output from 1 kW (or kVA) up to and including 5 500 kW (or kVA);
• speed not greater than 3 750 min−1.
Excluded are a.c. motors supplied by converters. For these conditions see IEC 60034-17 for guidance. The object of this standard is to determine maximum A-weighted sound power levels, LWA in decibels, dB, for airborne noise emitted by rotating electrical machines of standard design, as a function of power, speed and load, and to specify the method of measurement and the test conditions appropriate for the determination of the sound power level of the machines to provide a standardized evaluation of machine noise up to the maximum specified sound power levels. This standard does not provide correction for the existence of tonal characteristics.
Sound pressure levels at a distance from the machine may be required in some applications, such as hearing protection programs. Information is provided on such a procedure in Clause 7 based on a standardized test environment.
NOTE 1 This standard recognizes the economic reason for the availability of standard noise-level machines for use in non-critical areas or for use with supplementary means of noise attenuation.
NOTE 2 Where sound power levels lower than those specified in Tables 1 or 2 are required, these should be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser, as special electrical, mechanical, or acoustical design may involve additional measures.

This technical specification deals with the steady-state  operation of cage induction motors within the scope of IEC  60034-12, when fed from converters. It covers the operation  over the whole speed setting range, but does not deal with  starting or transient phenomena. Only indirect thpe converters  are dealt with. This type comprises converters with impressed  direct current in the intermediate circuit (I-conveters) and  converters with impressed d.c. voltage (U-converters), either of  the block type or the pulse controlled type, without restriction  on pulse number, pulse width or pulse frequency. For the  purpose of this technical specification, a converter may  include any type of electronic switching device, for example  transistors (bipolar or MOSfet), IGBTs, thyristors, GTO- thyristors, etc. with analog or digital control electronics.

Recommends modelling guidelines and appropriate models for excitation systems for use in power system stability studies and includes a nomenclature defining the parameters and variables used.

Deals with thermal cycling evaluation of insulation systems for form-wound windings. This kind of endurance is of special importance for long rotating machines ( especially indirectly cooled ) and machines that are exposed to a very large number of considerable load changes during normal operation.

Gives the requirements for rotating control motors and describes the appropriate tests. Also gives dimensions and marking information and the details to be provided by the manufacturer in associated data sheets and catalogues. Applicable to rotating stepping motors only.