SIST EN 16803-1:2020
(Main)Space - Use of GNSS-based positioning for road Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) - Part 1: Definitions and system engineering procedures for the establishment and assessment of performances
Space - Use of GNSS-based positioning for road Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) - Part 1: Definitions and system engineering procedures for the establishment and assessment of performances
EN 16803-1 addresses the final stage of the performance management approach, i.e. the assessment of the whole Road ITS system performance equipped with a given Positioning System, using the Sensitivity analysis method.
EN 16803-1 addresses the identification and the definition the positioning performance features and metrics required for Positioning System assessment.
This document gives definitions of the various items to be considered when specifying an Operational scenario and provides a method to compare finely two environments with respect to their effects on GNSS positioning performance.
This document gives definition of the most important terms used all along the document and describes the architecture of a Road ITS system based on GNSS as it is intended in this standard.
This document does not address:
- the performance metrics to be used to define the Road ITS system performance requirements, highly depending on the use case and the will of the owner of the system;
- the performance requirements of the various kinds of Road ITS systems;
- the tests that are necessary to assess Positioning System performances (Record and Replay tests for this purpose will be addressed by prEN 16803-2 and prEN 16803-3.
Raumfahrt - Anwendung von GNSS-basierter Ortung für Intelligente Transportsysteme im Straßenverkehr - Teil 1: Definitionen und Systemtechnikverfahren für die Festlegung und Überprüfung von Leistungsdaten
EN 16803-1 behandelt die Endstufe des Ansatzes zum Leistungsmanagement, d. h. die Überprüfung der Leistung des gesamten mit einem bestimmten Ortungssystem ausgestatteten ITS für den Straßenverkehr unter Anwendung der Sensitivitätsanalysemethode.
EN 16803-1 hat die Identifikation und Definition der für die Überprüfung des Ortungssystems benötigten Ortungsleistungsmerkmale und Metriken zum Gegenstand.
Dieses Dokument gibt Definitionen für verschiedene Betrachtungseinheiten, die bei der Festlegung eines Einsatzszenarios zu beachten sind, und stellt eine Methode zum präzisen Vergleichen zweier Umgebungen unter Berücksichtigung ihrer Auswirkungen auf die GNSS Ortungsleistung zur Verfügung.
Dieses Dokument stellt Definitionen der wichtigsten in diesem Dokument genannten Begriffe auf und beschreibt die Architektur eines GNSS basierten ITS für den Straßenverkehr für die in dieser Norm vorgesehenen Zwecke.
Dieses Dokument behandelt nicht:
- die Leistungsmetriken, die zur Definition der Leistungsanforderungen des ITS für den Straßenverkehr verwendet werden; diese hängen stark vom Anwendungsfall und dem Wunsch des Systembesitzers ab;
- die Leistungsanforderungen der verschiedenen Arten von ITS für den Straßenverkehr;
- die notwendigen Prüfungen zur Leistungsüberprüfung des Ortungssystems (Record and Replay-Prüfungen für diesen Zweck werden in den Dokumenten EN 16803-2 und EN 16803-3 behandelt).
Espace - Utilisation de la localisation basée sur les GNSS pour les systèmes de transport routiers intelligents - Partie 1 : Définitions et procédure d’ingénierie système pour l’établissement et la vérification des performances
L'EN 16803-1 traite de l'étape finale de l'approche de gestion des performances, c'est-à-dire de l'évaluation des performances de l'ITS routier complet équipé d'un système de positionnement donné, à l'aide d'une méthode d'analyse de sensibilité.
L'EN 16803-1 traite de l'identification et de la définition des caractéristiques et des indicateurs de performance de positionnement requis pour l'évaluation du système de positionnement.
Le présent document fournit des définitions pour différents éléments à considérer lors de la spécification d'un scénario opérationnel et offre une méthode de comparaison fine de deux environnements en fonction de leurs effets sur les performances de positionnement GNSS.
Le présent document fournit des définitions pour les termes les plus importants, utilisés tout au long du document, et décrit l'architecture d'un ITS routier basé sur les GNSS, tel que prévu dans la présente norme.
Le présent document ne traite pas :
- des indicateurs de performance à utiliser pour définir les exigences de performance de l'ITS routier, fortement dépendantes du cas d'utilisation et des besoins du propriétaire du système ;
- des exigences de performance pour les différents types d'ITS routiers ;
- des essais nécessaires pour évaluer les performances du système de positionnement (les essais d'acquisition et de rejeu à cet effet seront traités dans le prEN 16803-2 et le prEN 16803-3.
Vesolje - Uporaba sistemov globalne satelitske navigacije (GNSS) za ugotavljanje položaja pri inteligentnih transportnih sistemih (ITS) v cestnem prometu - 1. del: Definicije in sistemsko-tehnični postopki za določanje in ocenjevanje zmogljivosti
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 16803-1:2020
01-november-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 16803-1:2016
Vesolje - Uporaba sistemov globalne satelitske navigacije (GNSS) za ugotavljanje
položaja pri inteligentnih transportnih sistemih (ITS) v cestnem prometu - 1. del:
Definicije in sistemsko-tehnični postopki za določanje in ocenjevanje zmogljivosti
Space - Use of GNSS-based positioning for road Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) -
Part 1: Definitions and system engineering procedures for the establishment and
assessment of performances
Raumfahrt - Anwendung von GNSS-basierter Ortung für Intelligente Transportsysteme
im Straßenverkehr - Teil 1: Definitionen und Systemtechnikverfahren für die Festlegung
und Überprüfung von Leistungsdaten
Espace - Utilisation de la localisation basée sur les GNSS pour les systèmes de
transport routiers intelligents - Partie 1 : Définitions et procédure d’ingénierie système
pour l’établissement et la vérification des performances
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16803-1:2020
ICS:
03.220.20 Cestni transport Road transport
33.060.30 Radiorelejni in fiksni satelitski Radio relay and fixed satellite
komunikacijski sistemi communications systems
35.240.60 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in transport
prometu
SIST EN 16803-1:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 16803-1:2020
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SIST EN 16803-1:2020
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 16803-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2020
ICS 33.060.30; 35.240.60
Supersedes EN 16803-1:2016
English version
Space - Use of GNSS-based positioning for road Intelligent
Transport Systems (ITS) - Part 1: Definitions and system
engineering procedures for the establishment and
assessment of performances
Espace - Utilisation du positionnement GNSS pour les Raumfahrt - Anwendung von GNSS-basierter Ortung
systèmes de transport routier intelligents (ITS) - Partie für Intelligente Transportsysteme (ITS) im
1 : Définitions et procédures d'ingénierie système pour Straßenverkehr - Teil 1: Definitionen und
l'établissement et l'évaluation des performances Systemtechnikverfahren für die Festlegung und
Überprüfung von Leistungsdaten
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 July 2020.
CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for
giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical
references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to
any CEN and CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means Ref. No. EN 16803-1:2020 E
reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for
CENELEC Members.
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EN 16803-1:2020 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 8
3.1 General terms . 8
3.2 Specific terms . 10
3.3 Abbreviations . 15
4 Description of the generic architecture of a Road ITS System based on GNSS . 16
4.1 Generic architecture . 16
4.2 Components . 16
5 Definition of performance metrics for positioning terminals . 18
5.1 General . 18
5.2 Outputs of the Positioning terminal . 18
5.3 Inputs to the performance characterization process . 20
5.4 Performance features . 20
5.5 Performance metrics . 21
5.6 Introduction to Performance Requirements . 34
6 Operational scenarios . 37
6.1 Definition . 37
6.2 GNSS environments classification and characterization . 39
7 Sensitivity Analysis. 42
7.1 General . 42
7.2 Presentation of the method . 42
8 PVT error models . 48
8.1 General . 48
8.2 Different types of error models . 49
8.3 Conformity assessment of the PVT error models . 49
Annex A (informative) Positioning performances metrics rationale. 51
A.1 General . 51
A.2 Performance metrics . 51
Bibliography . 57
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EN 16803-1:2020 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 16803-1:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN-CENELEC/TC 5
“Space”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2021, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by March 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 16803-1:2016.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
This revision of EN 16803-1 includes updates that are necessary to understand correctly the two next
EN – Part 2 and Part 3. Some concepts and metrics not identified at the very beginning of EN 16803-1
definitively required to be aligned with last works of CEN/TC 5/WG 1 standardization group. Global
architecture has not been modified, i.e. the table of content is unchanged. Among updates, the
Introduction describes the LBS and ITS market for which these EN series are targeted. The GNSS Based
Positioning Terminal (GBPT) is introduced later in the document, so that the “positioning system”
concept can be developed and be included in the new set of ITS applications such as autonomous driving.
The clause “Terms and Definitions” includes some new inputs now, like “Record&Replay”, or “Reference
Material”. About metrics, a new one has been introduced: the continuity metric that is slightly different
from the availability metric and could help to define how a service should be continuous. Definition of
Time To First First (TTFF) is also proposed in this revision. It should help to share a common vision of
what should be a hot/warn/cold start by using commonly accepted definitions. The concept of
performances classes has also been refined with the new subclause “Introduction to Performance
Requirements”. Finally, the sensitivity analysis concept has been enlarged or adapted to cover the
integrity assessment.
EN 16803, Space — Use of GNSS-based positioning for road Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), consists of
the following parts:
— Part 1: Definitions and system engineering procedures for the establishment and assessment of
performances;
— Part 2: Assessment of basic performances of GNSS-based positioning terminals;
— Part 3: Assessment of security performances of GNSS-based positioning terminals.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
3
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EN 16803-1:2020 (E)
Introduction
The civil applications of geopositioning are undergoing exponential development. The latest market
analysis for the GNSS systems shows two major fields of application that, all together, practically share
the whole of the market:
— intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), mainly in the Road ITS domain;
— location Based Services (LBS), accessible on smartphones and tablets.
Figure 1 — Cumulative Revenue 2015-2025 by segment (Source: GNSS Market Report, Issue 5,
copyright © European GNSS Agency, 2017)
When a Road ITS system needs GNSS positioning, which is the case for most of them, there is the question
of the choice of the type of terminal or of its minimum performances that are necessary to satisfy the
system's final requirements at user level. To meet these requirements, the system includes a processing
module called Road ITS application which uses the outputs (PVT = Position-Velocity-Time) of a
positioning system to provide the service with a given End-to-end performance. Consequently, this latter
depends on the quality of the positioning outputs, which are highly variable with respect to the
operational conditions of the system, but also on the performance of the Road ITS application itself.
Figure 2 represents the breakdown of a Road ITS system into its two main components.
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EN 16803-1:2020 (E)
Figure 2 — The two main components of a Road ITS system
The main Road ITS systems concerned by this issue are:
— autonomous driving;
— GNSS-based Road User Charging systems (road, parking zone, urban…);
— localized emergency calls (eCall);
— electronic tachograph;
— taximeter;
— regulated freight transport systems (hazardous substances, livestock, etc.);
— “Pay-as-you-drive” insurance;
— road management systems, traffic information systems;
— advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS);
— etc.
Some Road ITS systems are considered as “safety critical”, because their failure may cause human death
or injury and others are “liability critical”, because they include financial or regulatory aspects. In some
cases, their development is subject to an official certification/homologation process.
Particularly for those systems, there exists a strong need to be able to prove they do meet their End-to-
end performance requirements related to positioning, but presently there is no standard that supports
such certification process.
The performance management approach proposed in this document is based on a classical system
engineering approach and is a support for engineers facing the problem of handling the performances of
a Positioning-based road ITS system all along the system development.
This overall performance management approach can be summarized as follow:
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Figure 3 — Logic of the overall performance management approach
The starting point of any performance management of a Positioning-based road ITS system should be the
definition and clear statement of the E2E performances which are targeted by the system to design and/or
test, as expressed by the customer.
In the context of this document, the system breakdown into components is the one that has been
introduced above:
— Positioning System;
— The Road ITS application.
The interface between these two components is assumed to be the PVT information, together with some
auxiliary information, for instance Integrity information if the Positioning System is designed to support
this kind of feature.
Performance requirements are generally stated as requirements on the outputs of a given system
component, assuming that the other components feeding it with input information do respect their own
performance requirements.
Hence, the performance allocation of the E2E performances between the system components should
follow the general scheme below.
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EN 16803-1:2020 (E)
Figure 4 — Generic performance allocation process
The performance requirements of the Road ITS application are actually the same ones as the system E2E
performance requirements but expressed under the condition that the Positioning System respects certain
performances requirements.
NOTE Depending on the application, performance requirements may need to be put only on the position output
or only on the velocity output by the Positioning System.
Due to the specificities of GNSS performances, which are due to be defined statistically and which are
highly dependent on the operational conditions, margins should be planned in the performance
allocations, in order to allow the system to meet its performance requirements, even when, in certain
conditions, one of its component does not strictly meet its own requirements. This is the objective of what
is called “Sensitivity Analysis”.
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EN 16803-1:2020 (E)
1 Scope
EN 16803-1 addresses the final stage of the performance management approach, i.e. the assessment of
the whole Road ITS system performance equipped with a given Positioning System, using the Sensitivity
analysis method.
EN 16803-1 addresses the identification and the definition the positioning performance features and
metrics required for Positioning System assessment.
This document gives definitions of the various items to be considered when specifying an Operational
scenario and provides a method to compare finely two environments with respect to their effects on GNSS
positioning performance.
This document gives definition of the most important terms used all along the document and describes
the architecture of a Road ITS system based on GNSS as it is intended in this standard.
This document does not address:
— the performance metrics to be used to define the Road ITS system performance requirements, highly
depending on the use case and the will of the owner of the system;
— the performance requirements of the various kinds of Road ITS systems;
— the tests that are necessary to assess Positioning System performances (Record and Replay tests for
this purpose will be addressed by EN 16803-2 and EN 16803-3.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 General terms
3.1.1
digital map
digital description of the road network and of a certain number of attributes assigned to the elements of
this network
Note 1 to entry: Takes the form of a geo-referenced database at the data processing level.
3.1.2
epoch
time at which a GNSS measurement is made
3.1.3
GNSS
Global Navigation Satellite Systems
general acronym designating satellite positioning systems
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3.1.4
GPS
Global Positioning System
GPS-Navstar American satellite positioning system
3.1.5
ITS
Intelligent Transport Systems
systems applying information, communication and positioning technologies to the transport domain
3.1.6
navigation
action of leading a vehicle or pedestrian to a given destination, by calculating the optimal trajectory and
giving guidance with reference to this trajectory and its real time position
3.1.7
navigation message
data transmitted by the GNSS satellites and necessary for the position computation
3.1.8
performance
global characterization of the quality of the service provided by a system
Note 1 to entry: The performance is generally composed of several given performance features of given outputs
of the system and measured by using given metrics.
3.1.9
performance class
domain delimited by 2 boundaries for a given performance metric
3.1.10
performance feature
given characteristic used to qualify and quantify the service provided by a system
EXAMPLE Accuracy for a Positioning system.
3.1.11
performance metric
precise definition of the means of measuring a given performance feature of a given output of a system
EXAMPLE An Accuracy metric can be the median value of an error sample acquired during a given test
following a given protocol.
3.1.12
positioning
action of determining the position of a mobile object or a person
3.1.13
pseudo-range
measurement, by the GNSS receiver, of the distance between a satellite antenna and the receiver antenna,
biased by the error due to the difference between the satellite clock and the receiver clock
Note 1 to entry: Belongs to the category of Raw measurements.
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3.1.14
RM
reference material
material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to specified properties, which has been
established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination of nominal properties
[SOURCE: International vocabulary of metrology – Basic and general concepts and associated terms
(IVM)]
EXAMPLE
• Reference trajectory (or Ground Truth);
• Data set consisting of the selected test scenario.
3.1.15
SBAS
Satellite Based Augmentation System
regional augmentation system of complete satellite systems
EXAMPLE GPS WAAS, EGNOS, QZSS MSAS and GLONASS SDCM are examples for regional augmentation
systems.
3.1.16
trajectory
series of time-stamped positions (and possibly speeds) of a mobile object
3.1.17
Timestamp Resolution
size of the smallest time lapse which would result in different consecutive timestamps
Note 1 to entry: It can be understood as the value of the least significant bit within the word used to encode the
timestamp.
3.2 Specific terms
3.2.1
application quantity
quantity produced by the Road ITS application, from which an End-to-end performance can be calculated
Note 1 to entry: This quantity is normally deducted from a set of positions (and/or speeds) produced by the
Positioning system.
EXAMPLE The time of presence of a vehicle inside a given zone is an Application quantity for a Geofencing
application.
3.2.2
assisted GNSS
technique consisting in assisting the positioning calculation performed by the GNSS terminal by
providing it, via a telecommunication system, with partial or full navigation data as borne by the GNSS
signal transmitted by the satellites
Note 1 to entry: This technique reduces the Time To First Fix, and lowers the acquisition sensitivity threshold.
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3.2.3
benchmark GNSS receiver
off-the-shelf, low-cost and high sensitivity GNSS receiver capable of providing pseudo-range
measurements
Note 1 to entry: This kind of receiver is proposed in this document as a benchmark sensor of the environmental
constraints that affect the GNSS signals propagation for fine comparison of environments between themselves.
3.2.4
E2E performance - end-to-end performance
performance of the service provided by a Road ITS system
Note 1 to entry: E2E performance is measured by applying a performance metric to an Application quantity.
EXAMPLE For a Taximeter, the accuracy of the travelled distance is an E2E performance.
3.2.5
geofencing
function consisting in determining the presence of certain persons or of certain moving objects within a
certain geographical zone
Note 1 to entry: This zone can be defined in several ways.
3.2.6
geo-object
geographic entity, having the form of a virtual polygon, framing a point of interest or delimiting a zone of
interest
3.2.7
integrity
general performance feature referring to the trust a user can have in the delivered value of a given
Position or Velocity component
Note 1 to entry: This feature is expressed by 2 quantities: the Protection level and the associated Integrity risk.
Note 2 to entry: In this document, the definition of integrity is inspired by, but significantly simpler than, the
definition of the same concept for the civil aviation community.
Note 3 to entry: For other domains than GNSS positioning, Integrity may have other definitions.
3.2.8
integrity risk
IR
probability that, for Positioning terminals providing a Protection level as integrity-related quantity, the
actual error on a given output component exceeds its associated Protection level
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3.2.9
misleading information rate
MIR
observed rate, for Positioning terminals providing a Protection level as integrity-related quantity, at which
the actual error on a given output component exceeds its associated Protection level
Note 1 to entry: The MIR differs from the IR in that the MIR is a purely empirical quantity (e.g. based on
observations obtained through field testis) whereas the IR determination comprises also a complete and rational
analysis of the system design, its potential weaknesses, threats, etc. (RAMS analysis). The MIR is an empirical first
approximation of the IR, and usually an optimistic one.
3.2.10
map-matching
processing operation consisting in determining the position of the mobile on a map representing the road
network
Note 1 to entry: Requires a digital map.
3.2.11
operational scenario
description of the conditions in which the GNSS-based road ITS system is operating and particularly
affecting the GNSS-based positioning terminal
3.2.12
position
location of the positioning terminal or, more specifically, of some reference point attached to it, such as
the antenna phase centre
3.2.13
positioning system
set of hardware and software components, which can be in different locations, but interconnected, which
contribute to estimating the position, velocity and associated timestamp of a mobile object
3.2.14
positioning terminal
equipment (unit) carried by a vehicle or a person delivering a position solution to a Road ITS application
Note 1 to entry: The Positioning terminal is the component of the Positioning system which is directly interfaced
with the position data user (in this document the Road ITS application).
Note 2 to entry: The Positioning terminal uses a GNSS receiver which may be hybridized or assisted.
3.2.15
positioning module
software component of the Positioning terminal processing the PVT from the data of different sensors
3.2.16
positioning-based road ITS system
system consisting of one or several Positioning terminals and of a Road ITS application providing a
Positioning-based Road ITS service
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3.2.17
positioning-based road ITS service
main function(s) of a Positioning-based Road ITS system, making use of the Application quantities
EXAMPLE Computation and secure storage of charge events for a road charging system.
3.2.18
protection level
estimation of an upper bound for the error made on a Position or Velocity component (e.g. the plane
position) associated with a given probability called Integrity risk
Note 1 to entry: Like the actual error, this quantity can be characterized by its distribution function.
3.2.19
PVT error model
parametric mathematical model representing the errors affecting a PVT component, composed with noise
and biases observed on this component, output by a Positioning terminal operating in a certain
environment
Note 1 to entry: The PVT error model is used to draw pseudo-random trajectories representative of real
trajectories.
3.2.20
Position, Velocity and Time
PVT
data related with the position, the velocity and the time which is available at the output of a GNSS receiver
or of a Positioning terminal in general
3.2.21
Record and Replay
R&R
test techniques consisting to digitize GNSS signals and sensor measurements in the real world campaigns
so that they can be repeated later on suitable laboratory test benches
3.2.22
raw measurements
quantities available in a GNSS receiver after the signal processing stage from which the PVT will be
calculated
Note 1 to entry: The Pseudo-ranges for each tracked satellite are essential components of the Raw measurements.
3.2.23
reference trajectory
series of time-stamped positions of a reference point on a mobile object (test vehicle), produced by a
Reference trajectory measurement system
Note 1 to entry: This reference trajectory may be called “Ground truth” in some other documents.
3.2.24
RTMeS
reference trajectory measurement system
measurement means capable of accuracy performances better of at least one order of magnitude than
those of the required performance of the Positioning terminal being tested
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EN 16803-1:2020 (E)
3.2.25
road ITS application
processing part downstream of the Positioning terminal(s) which computes the Application quantities and
provides the Road ITS service
3.2.26
operational scenario
description of the conditions in which the GNSS-based road ITS system is operating and particularly
affecting the GBPT. An operational scenario is composed of:
— the set-up conditions of the terminal, and particularly of the antenna of the GNSS receiver;
— the trajectory of the mobile vehicle (more precisely of the antenna);
— the environmental conditions
3.2.27
test scenario
composed of GNSS SIS data and potential sensor data resulting from field tests, complemented by RTMeS
data, and a metadata description file
Note 1 to entry: Da
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 16803-1:2019
01-julij-2019
Vesolje - Ugotavljanje položaja z uporabo sistema globalne satelitske navigacije
(GNSS) pri inteligentnih transportnih sistemih (ITS) v cestnem prometu - 1. del:
Definicije in sistemsko-tehnični postopki za določanje in ocenjevanje zmogljivosti
Space - Use of GNSS-based positioning for road Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) -
Part 1: Definitions and system engineering procedures for the establishment and
assessment of performances
Raumfahrt - Anwendung von GNSS-basierter Ortung für Intelligente Transportsysteme
im Straßenverkehr - Teil 1: Definitionen und Systemtechnikverfahren für die Festlegung
und Überprüfung von Leistungsdaten
Espace - Utilisation de la localisation basée sur les GNSS pour les systèmes de
transport routiers intelligents - Partie 1 : Définitions et procédure d’ingénierie système
pour l’établissement et la vérification des performances
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 16803-1
ICS:
03.220.20 Cestni transport Road transport
33.060.30 Radiorelejni in fiksni satelitski Radio relay and fixed satellite
komunikacijski sistemi communications systems
35.240.60 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in transport
prometu
oSIST prEN 16803-1:2019 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 16803-1:2019
EUROPEAN STANDARD DRAFT
prEN 16803-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2019
ICS 33.060.30; 35.240.60
Will supersede EN 16803-1:2016
English version
Space - Use of GNSS-based positioning for road Intelligent
Transport Systems (ITS) - Part 1: Definitions and system
engineering procedures for the establishment and
assessment of performances
Espace - Utilisation de la localisation basée sur les Raumfahrt - Anwendung von GNSS-basierter Ortung
GNSS pour les systèmes de transport routiers für Intelligente Transportsysteme im Straßenverkehr -
intelligents - Partie 1 : Définitions et procédure Teil 1: Definitionen und Systemtechnikverfahren für
d'ingénierie système pour l'établissement et la die Festlegung und Überprüfung von Leistungsdaten
vérification des performances
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/CLC/JTC 5.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal
Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any
alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN and CENELEC in three official versions (English, French, German). A
version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own
language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification
of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means Ref. No. prEN 16803-1:2019 E
reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for
CENELEC Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 9
4 Description of the generic architecture of a Road ITS System based on GNSS . 16
5 Definition of performance metrics for positioning terminals . 18
6 Operational scenarios . 34
7 Sensitivity Analysis . 39
8 PVT error models . 44
Annex A (informative) Positioning performance metrics rationale . 48
A.1 General . 48
A.2 Performance metrics . 48
A.2.1 General . 48
A.2.2 Accuracy metrics . 48
A.2.3 Integrity metrics . 49
A.2.3.1 General . 49
A.2.3.2 Integrity Risk . 49
A.2.3.3 Protection Level Performance . 50
A.2.4 Availability metrics . 51
A.2.5 Timing Performance metrics . 52
Bibliography . 54
Figure
Figure 1 — Cumulative Revenue 2015-2025 by segment (Source: GNSS Market Report, Issue
5, copyright © European GNSS Agency, 2017) . 5
Figure 2 — The two main components of a Road ITS system . 6
Figure 3 — Logic of the overall performance management approach . 7
Figure 4 — Generic performance allocation process . 8
Figure 5 — Generic architecture of a Road ITS system . 16
Figure 6 — Examples of Horizontal Accuracy requirements and positioning terminals
fulfilling or not the requirements . 32
Figure 7 — Horizontal Accuracy performance Classes graphically represented. 33
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Figure 8 — Horizontal Protection Level performance Classes graphically represented (for
TIR = 1E −5) . 34
Figure 9 — Fine comparison architecture . 37
Figure 10 — Sensitivity analysis general principle . 41
Figure 11 — Sensitivity analysis principle for rare event (integrity) . 42
Figure 12 — Illustration of randomly generated degraded trajectories . 45
Figure 13 — Conformity assessment of PVT error models . 47
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European foreword
This document (prEN 16803-1:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/CLC/JTC 5
“Space”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 16803-1:2016.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
This revision of EN 16803-1 includes updates that are necessary to understand correctly the two next
EN – Part 2 and Part 3. Some concepts and metrics not identified at the very beginning of EN 16803-1
definitively required to be aligned with last works of CEN/TC 5/WG 1 standardization group. Global
architecture has not been modified; i.e. the table of content is unchanged. Among updates, the
Introduction describes the LBS and ITS market for which these EN series are targeted. The GNSS Based
Positioning Terminal (GBPT) is introduced later in the document, so that the “positioning system”
concept can be developed and be included in the new set of ITS applications such as autonomous
driving. The clause “Terms and Definitions” includes some new inputs now, like “Record&Replay”, or
“Reference Material”. About metrics, a new one has been introduced: the continuity metric that is
slightly different from the availability metric, and could help to define how a service should be
continuous. Definition of Time To First First (TTFF) is also proposed in this revision. It should help to
share a common vision of what should be a hot/cold start by using a new wording like “Long Term” /
“Mid Term” / “Short Term”. The concept of performances classes has also been refined with the new
subclause “Introduction to Performance Requirements”. And finally the sensitivity analysis concept has
been enlarged or adapted to cover the integrity assessment.
EN 16803, Space — Use of GNSS-based positioning for road Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), consists
of the following parts:
— Part 1: Definitions and system engineering procedures for the establishment and assessment of
performances;
— Part 2: Assessment of basic performances of GNSS-based positioning terminals;
— Part 3: Assessment of security performances of GNSS-based positioning terminals.
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Introduction
The civil applications of geopositioning are undergoing exponential development. The latest market
analysis for the GNSS systems shows 2 major fields of application which, all together, practically share
the whole of the market:
— intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), mainly in the Road ITS domain;
— location Based Services (LBS), accessible on smartphones and tablets.
Figure 1 — Cumulative Revenue 2015-2025 by segment (Source: GNSS Market Report, Issue 5,
copyright © European GNSS Agency, 2017)
When a Road ITS system needs GNSS positioning, which is the case for most of them, there is the
question of the choice of the type of terminal or of its minimum performances which are necessary to
satisfy the system's final requirements at user level. To meet these requirements, the system includes a
processing module called Road ITS application which uses the outputs (PVT = Position-Velocity-Time)
of a positioning system to provide the service with a given End-to-end performance. Consequently, this
latter depends on the quality of the positioning outputs, which are highly variable with respect to the
operational conditions of the system, but also on the performance of the Road ITS application itself.
Figure 2 represents the breakdown of a Road ITS systems into its 2 main components.
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Figure 2 — The two main components of a Road ITS system
The main Road ITS systems concerned by this issue are:
— autonomous driving;
— GNSS-based Road User Charging systems (road, parking zone, urban…);
— localized emergency calls (eCall);
— electronic tachograph;
— taximeter;
— regulated freight transport systems (hazardous substances, livestock, etc.);
— “Pay-as-you-drive” insurance;
— road management systems, traffic information systems;
— advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS);
— etc.
Some Road ITS systems are considered as “safety critical”, because their failure may cause human death
or injury and others are “liability critical”, because they include financial or regulatory aspects. In some
cases, their development is subject to an official certification/homologation process.
Particularly for those systems, there exists a strong need to be able to prove they do meet their End-to-
end performance requirements related to positioning, but presently there is no standard that supports
such certification process.
The performance management approach proposed in this European Standard is based on a classical
system engineering approach and is a support for engineers facing the problem of handling the
performances of a Positioning-based road ITS system all along the system development.
This overall performance management approach can be summarized as follow:
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Figure 3 — Logic of the overall performance management approach
The starting point of any performance management of a Positioning-based road ITS system should be
the definition and clear statement of the E2E performances which are targeted by the system to design
and/or test, as expressed by the customer.
In the context of this European Standard, the system breakdown into components is the one that has
been introduced above:
— Positioning System;
— The Road ITS application.
The interface between these two components is assumed to be the PVT information, together with some
auxiliary information, for instance Integrity information if the Positioning System is designed to support
this kind of feature.
Performance requirements are generally stated as requirements on the outputs of a given system
component, assuming that the other components feeding it with input information do respect their own
performance requirements.
Hence, the performance allocation of the E2E performances between the system components should
follow the general scheme below.
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Figure 4 — Generic performance allocation process
The performance requirements of the Road ITS application are actually the same ones as the system E2E
performance requirements, but expressed under the condition that the Positioning System respects
certain performances requirements.
NOTE Depending on the application, performance requirements may need to be put only on the position
output or only on the velocity output by the Positioning System.
Due to the specificities of GNSS performances, which are due to be defined statistically and which are
highly dependent on the operational conditions, margins should be planned in the performance
allocations, in order to allow the system to meet its performance requirements, even when, in certain
conditions, one of its component does not strictly meet its own requirements. This is the objective of
what is called “Sensitivity Analysis”.
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1 Scope
EN 16803-1 addresses the final stage of the performance management approach, i.e. the assessment of
the whole Road ITS system performance equipped with a given Positioning System, using the Sensitivity
analysis method.
EN 16803-1 addresses the identification and the definition the positioning performance features and
metrics required for Positioning System assessment.
This document gives definitions of the various items to be considered when specifying an Operational
scenario and provides a method to compare finely two environments with respect to their effects on
GNSS positioning performance.
This document gives definition of the most important terms used all along the document and describes
the architecture of a Road ITS system based on GNSS as it is intended in this standard.
This document does not address:
— the performance metrics to be used to define the Road ITS system performance requirements,
highly depending on the use case and the will of the owner of the system;
— the performance requirements of the various kinds of Road ITS systems;
— the tests that are necessary to assess Positioning System performances (Record and Replay tests for
1 2
this purpose will be addressed by prEN 16803-2 and prEN 16803-3 ).
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 General terms:
3.1.1
digital map
digital description of the road network and of a certain number of attributes assigned to the elements of
this network
Note 1 to entry: Takes the form of a geo-referenced database at the data processing level.
3.1.2
epoch
time at which a GNSS measurement is made
3.1.3
GNSS
Global Navigation Satellite Systems
general acronym designating satellite positioning systems
1
Currently at Enquiry stage.
2
Currently at Enquiry stage.
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3.1.4
GPS
Global Positioning System
GPS-Navstar American satellite positioning system
3.1.5
ITS
Intelligent Transport Systems
systems applying information, communication and positioning technologies to the transport domain
3.1.6
navigation
action of leading a vehicle or pedestrian to a given destination, by calculating the optimal trajectory and
giving guidance with reference to this trajectory and its real time position
3.1.7
navigation message
data transmitted by the GNSS satellites and necessary for the position computation
3.1.8
performance
global characterization of the quality of the service provided by a system
Note 1 to entry: The performance is generally composed of several given performance features of given outputs
of the system and measured by using given metrics.
3.1.9
performance class
domain delimited by 2 boundaries for a given performance metric
3.1.10
performance feature
given characteristic used to qualify and quantify the service provided by a system
EXAMPLE Accuracy for a Positioning system.
3.1.11
performance metric
precise definition of the means of measuring a given performance feature of a given output of a system
EXAMPLE An Accuracy metric can be the median value of an error sample acquired during a given test
following a given protocol.
3.1.12
positioning
action of determining the position of a mobile object or a person
3.1.13
Pseudo-range
measurement, by the GNSS receiver, of the distance between a satellite antenna and the receiver
antenna, biased by the error due to the difference between the satellite clock and the receiver clock
Note 1 to entry: Belongs to the category of Raw measurements.
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3.1.14
RM
Reference Material
material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to specified properties, which has been
established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination of nominal properties
[SOURCE: International vocabulary of metrology – Basic and general concepts and associated terms
(IVM)]
EXAMPLE
• Reference trajectory (or Ground Truth);
• Dataset consisting of the selected test scenario.
3.1.15
SBAS
Satellite Based Augmentation System
regional augmentation system of complete satellite systems
EXAMPLE GPS WAAS, EGNOS, QZSS MSAS and GLONASS SDCM are examples for regional augmentation
systems.
3.1.16
trajectory
series of time-stamped positions (and possibly speeds) of a mobile object
3.1.17
Timestamp Resolution
size of the smallest time lapse which would result in different consecutive timestamps
Note 1 to entry: It can be understood as the value of the least significant bit within the word used to encode the
timestamp.
3.2 Specific terms:
3.2.1
application quantity
quantity produced by the Road ITS application, from which an End-to-end performance can be calculated
Note 1 to entry: This quantity is normally deducted from a set of positions (and/or speeds) produced by the
Positioning system.
EXAMPLE The time of presence of a vehicle inside a given zone is an Application quantity for a Geofencing
application.
3.2.2
assisted GNSS
technique consisting in assisting the positioning calculation performed by the GNSS terminal by
providing it, via a telecommunication system, with partial or full navigation data as borne by the GNSS
signal transmitted by the satellites
Note 1 to entry: This technique reduces the Time To First Fix, and lowers the acquisition sensitivity threshold.
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3.2.3
benchmark GNSS receiver
off-the-shelf, low-cost and high sensitivity GNSS receiver capable of providing pseudo-range
measurements
Note 1 to entry: This kind of receiver is proposed in this document as a benchmark sensor of the environmental
constraints that affect the GNSS signals propagation for fine comparison of environments between themselves.
3.2.4
E2E performance - end-to-end performance
performance of the service provided by a Road ITS system
Note 1 to entry: E2E performance is measured by applying a performance metric to an Application quantity.
EXAMPLE For a Taximeter, the accuracy of the travelled distance is an E2E performance.
3.2.5
geofencing
function consisting in determining the presence of certain persons or of certain moving objects within a
certain geographical zone
Note 1 to entry: This zone can be defined in several ways.
3.2.6
geo-object
geographic entity, having the form of a virtual polygon, framing a point of interest or delimiting a zone
of interest
3.2.7
integrity
general performance feature referring to the trust a user can have in the delivered value of a given
Position or Velocity component
Note 1 to entry: This feature is expressed by 2 quantities: the Protection level and the associated Integrity risk.
Note 2 to entry: In this document, the definition of integrity is inspired by, but significantly simpler than, the
definition of the same concept for the civil aviation community.
Note 3 to entry: For other domains than GNSS positioning, Integrity may have other definitions.
3.2.8
integrity risk
IR
probability that, for Positioning terminals providing a Protection level as integrity-related quantity, the
actual error on a given output component exceeds its associated Protection level
3.2.9
misleading information rate
MIR
observed rate, for Positioning terminals providing a Protection level as integrity-related quantity, at
which the actual error on a given output component exceeds its associated Protection level
Note 1 to entry: The MIR differs from the IR in that the MIR is a purely empirical quantity (e.g. based on
observations obtained through field testis) whereas the IR determination comprises also a complete and rational
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analysis of the system design, its potential weaknesses, threats, etc. (RAMS analysis). The MIR is an empirical first
approximation of the IR, and usually an optimistic one.
3.2.10
map-matching
processing operation consisting in determining the position of the mobile on a map representing the
road network
Note 1 to entry: Requires a digital map.
3.2.11
operational scenario
description of the conditions in which the GNSS-based road ITS system is operating and particularly
affecting the GNSS-based positioning terminal
3.2.12
position
location of the positioning terminal or, more specifically, of some reference point attached to it, such as
the antenna phase centre
3.2.13
positioning system
set of hardware and software components, which can be in different locations, but interconnected,
which contribute to estimating the position, velocity and associated timestamp of a mobile object
3.2.14
positioning terminal
equipment (unit) carried by a vehicle or a person delivering a position solution to a Road ITS
application
Note 1 to entry: The Positioning terminal is the component of the Positioning system which is directly interfaced
with the position data user (in this document the Road ITS application).
Note 2 to entry: The Positioning terminal uses a GNSS receiver which may be hybridized or assisted.
3.2.15
positioning module
software component of the Positioning terminal processing the PVT from the data of different sensors
3.2.16
positioning-based road ITS system
system consisting of one or several Positioning terminals and of a Road ITS application providing a
Positioning-based Road ITS service
3.2.17
positioning-based road ITS service
main function(s) of a Positioning-based Road ITS system, making use of the Application quantities
EXAMPLE Computation and secure storage of charge events for a road charging system.
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3.2.18
Protection level
estimation of an upper bound for the error made on a Position or Velocity component (e.g. the plane
position) associated with a given probability called Integrity risk
Note 1 to entry: Like the actual error, this quantity can be characterized by its distribution function.
3.2.19
PVT error model
parametric mathematical model representing the errors affecting a PVT component, composed with
noise and biases observed on this component, output by a Positioning terminal operating in a certain
environment
Note 1 to entry: The PVT error model is used to draw pseudo-random trajectories representative of real
trajectories.
3.2.20
Position, Velocity and Time
PVT
data related with the position, the velocity and the time which is available at the output of a GNSS
receiver or of a Positioning terminal in general
3.2.21
Record and Replay
R&R
test techniques consisting to digitize GNSS signals and sensor measurements in the real world
campaigns so that they can be repeated later on suitable laboratory test benches
3.2.22
raw measurements
quantities available in a GNSS receiver after the signal processing stage from which the PVT will be
calculated
Note 1 to entry: The Pseudo-ranges for each tracked satellite are essential components of the Raw
measurements.
3.2.23
reference trajectory
series of time-stamped positions of a reference point on a mobile object (test vehicle), produced by a
Reference trajectory measurement system
Note 1 to entry: This reference trajectory may be called “Ground truth” in some other documents.
3.2.24
RTMeS
reference trajectory measurement system
measurement means capable of accuracy performances better of at least one order of magnitude than
those of the required performance of the Positioning terminal being tested
3.2.25
road ITS application
processing part downstream of the Positioning terminal(s) which computes the Application quantities
and provides the Road ITS service
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3.2.26
scenario
...
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