SIST EN 13284-1:2018
(Main)Stationary source emissions - Determination of low range mass concentration of dust - Part 1: Manual gravimetric method
Stationary source emissions - Determination of low range mass concentration of dust - Part 1: Manual gravimetric method
This European Standard specifies a reference method for the measurement of low dust concentration in ducted gaseous streams in the concentrations below 50 mg/m3 at standard conditions. This European Standard is primarily developed and validated for gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators. More generally, it may be applied to gases emitted from stationary sources, and to higher concentrations. If the gases contain unstable, reactive or semi-volatile substances, the measurement depends on the sampling and filter treatment conditions. This method has been validated in field tests with special emphasis to dust concentrations around 5 mg/m3. The results of the field tests are presented in Annex A.
Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Ermittlung der Staubmassenkonzentration bei geringen Staubkonzentrationen - Teil 1: Manuelles gravimetrisches Verfahren
Diese Europäische Norm legt das Standardreferenzverfahren (SRM) zur Messung geringer Staubkonzentrationen in geführten Gasströmen im Konzentrationsbereich unterhalb von 50 mg/m3 bei Normbedingungen fest.
Diese Europäische Norm wurde in erster Linie zur Untersuchung der Abgasströme von Abfallverbrennungsanlagen entwickelt und validiert. Darüber hinaus kann sie auch auf Abgase von anderen stationären Quellen und bei höheren Konzentrationen angewandt werden.
Falls die Abgase instabile, reaktive oder halbflüchtige Stoffe enthalten, hängt die Messung von den Bedingungen der Probenahme und Filterbehandlung ab.
Dieses Verfahren wurde in Feldversuchen insbesondere für den Konzentrationsbereich um 5 mg/m3 validiert. Die Ergebnisse der Feldversuche sind in Anhang A dargestellt.
Emissions de sources fixes - Détermination de la faible concentration en masse de poussières - Partie 1 : Méthode gravimétrique manuelle
La présente Norme européenne spécifie la méthode de référence normalisée (SRM) pour le mesurage de faibles concentrations de poussières, inférieures à 50 mg/m3 dans les conditions normales, dans des effluents gazeux canalisés.
La présente Norme européenne est principalement élaborée et validée pour les effluents gazeux d’incinérateurs de déchets. De manière plus générale, elle peut s'appliquer aux gaz émis par d’autres sources fixes et à des concentrations plus élevées.
Lorsque les gaz contiennent des substances instables, réactives ou semi-volatiles, le mesurage dépend des conditions de prélèvement et de traitement des filtres.
Cette méthode a été validée lors d’essais sur site, qui ont porté plus particulièrement sur les concentrations en poussières voisines de 5 mg/m3. Les résultats des essais sur site sont présentés à l'Annexe A.
Emisije nepremičnih virov - Določevanje nizkih masnih koncentracij prahu - 1. del: Ročna gravimetrijska metoda
Ta evropski standard določa referenčno metodo za merjenje nizke koncentracije prahu v odvodnikih plinskih tokov pri koncentracijah, nižjih od 50 mg/m3, pri standardnih pogojih. Ta evropski standard je bil razvit in potrjen predvsem za plinske tokove sežigalnic odpadkov. Na splošno se lahko uporablja za pline nepremičnih virov in pri večjih koncentracijah prahu. Če plini vsebujejo nestabilne, reaktivne ali polhlapne snovi, je meritev odvisna od pogojev vzorčenja in obdelave filtra. Ta metoda je bila potrjena s terenskimi preskusi, pri čemer je bila posebna pozornost namenjena koncentracijam prahu okoli 5 mg/m3. Rezultati terenskih preskusov so predstavljeni v dodatku A.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 13284-1:2018
01-januar-2018
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 13284-1:2002
(PLVLMHQHSUHPLþQLKYLURY'RORþHYDQMHQL]NLKPDVQLKNRQFHQWUDFLMSUDKXGHO
5RþQDJUDYLPHWULMVNDPHWRGD
Stationary source emissions - Determination of low range mass concentration of dust -
Part 1: Manual gravimetric method
Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Ermittlung der Staubmassenkonzentration bei
geringen Staubkonzentrationen - Teil 1: Manuelles gravimetrisches Verfahren
Emissions de sources fixes - Détermination de la faible concentration en masse de
poussières - Partie 1 : Méthode gravimétrique manuelle
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13284-1:2017
ICS:
13.040.40 (PLVLMHQHSUHPLþQLKYLURY Stationary source emissions
SIST EN 13284-1:2018 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 13284-1:2018
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SIST EN 13284-1:2018
EN 13284-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.040.40 Supersedes EN 13284-1:2001
English Version
Stationary source emissions - Determination of low range
mass concentration of dust - Part 1: Manual gravimetric
method
Émissions de sources fixes - Détermination de faibles Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Ermittlung der
concentrations en masse de poussières - Partie 1 : Staubmassenkonzentration bei geringen
Méthode gravimétrique manuelle Staubkonzentrationen - Teil 1: Manuelles
gravimetrisches Verfahren
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 September 2017.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13284-1:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 13284-1:2018
EN 13284-1:2017 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 9
4.1 Symbols . 9
4.2 Abbreviations . 10
5 Principle . 10
6 Measurement planning and sampling strategy . 11
6.1 Measurement planning . 11
6.2 Sampling strategy. 12
6.2.1 General . 12
6.2.2 Measurement section and measurement plane . 12
6.2.3 Minimum number and location of measurement points . 12
6.2.4 Measurement ports and working platform . 12
7 Equipment and materials . 12
7.1 Gas velocity, temperature, pressure and composition measurement devices . 12
7.2 Sampling equipment . 12
7.2.1 Sampling system . 12
7.2.2 Filtration device. 13
7.2.3 Entry nozzle . 17
7.2.4 Suction tube for out-stack filtration devices . 18
7.2.5 Suction unit . 18
7.2.6 Gas metering devices . 18
7.3 Dust deposit recovery accessories . 20
7.4 Equipment for conditioning and weighing . 20
8 Weighing procedure . 20
8.1 General . 20
8.2 Pre-sampling conditioning . 20
8.3 Weighing . 21
8.4 Post-sampling treatment of weighed parts . 21
8.5 Post-sampling treatment of the rinsing solutions . 22
8.6 Improvement of the weighing procedure . 22
9 Sampling procedure . 22
9.1 Preparation . 22
9.2 Filter handling . 23
9.3 Pre-measurements . 23
9.4 Leak test. 24
9.5 Sampling . 24
9.6 Recovery of deposits upstream of the filter . 26
9.6.1 General . 26
9.6.2 Rinsing procedure . 26
9.7 Field blank . 26
10 Calculation . 27
10.1 Sampling volumetric flow rate . 27
2
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10.2 Dust concentration . 27
11 Measurement report . 28
Annex A (informative) Performance characteristics of the method obtained in the method
validation . 30
A.1 General . 30
A.2 Experimental data . 31
A.3 Comments . 31
Annex B (informative) Influence of the isokinetic rate on the representativeness of the
collected particles . 33
Annex C (informative) Proven design of the entry nozzles . 37
Annex D (informative) Summary of the requirements . 40
Annex E (normative) Sampling volume, flow rate and duration . 42
E.1 General . 42
E.2 Weighing uncertainties . 42
E.3 Sampling volume. 42
E.4 Sampling flow rate and duration . 42
Annex F (informative) Examples of weighing bias . 43
F.1 General . 43
F.2 Effect of insufficient temperature equilibrium . 43
F.3 Effect of temperature variations . 43
F.4 Effect of barometric pressure variations . 43
F.5 Conclusions . 44
Annex G (informative) Determination of the measurement uncertainty . 45
G.1 General . 45
G.2 Principle of the determination of the uncertainty contributions of measurands. 45
G.2.1 General . 45
G.2.2 Uncertainty contribution of calibration . 45
G.2.3 Uncertainty contribution of the drift . 46
G.2.4 Uncertainty contribution of the display resolution . 46
G.3 Combination of the uncertainty contributions of the individual measurands. 47
G.3.1 Procedure . 47
G.3.2 Specification of the method model equation . 48
G.3.3 Stepwise calculation of the individual uncertainty contributions . 49
G.4 Effective number of the degrees of freedom . 58
Annex H (informative) Thermal behaviour of dusts . 60
Annex I (informative) Significant technical changes . 61
Bibliography . 63
3
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SIST EN 13284-1:2018
EN 13284-1:2017 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 13284-1:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”,
the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 13284-1:2001.
This document is Part 1 of the EN 13284 series:
— EN 13284-1, Stationary source emissions — Determination of low range mass concentration of dust —
Part 1: Manual gravimetric method;
— EN 13284-2, Stationary source emissions — Determination of low range mass concentration of dust —
Part 2: Quality assurance of automated measuring systems.
Annex I provides details of significant technical changes between this European Standard and the
previous edition.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
the United Kingdom.
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EN 13284-1:2017 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies the standard reference method (SRM) for the measurement of low dust
3
concentration in ducted gaseous streams in the concentrations below 50 mg/m at standard conditions.
This European Standard is primarily developed and validated for gaseous streams emitted by waste
incinerators. More generally, it can be applied to gases emitted from other stationary sources, and to
higher concentrations.
If the gases contain unstable, reactive or semi-volatile substances, the measurement depends on the
sampling and filter treatment conditions.
This method has been validated in field tests with special emphasis to dust concentrations around
3
5 mg/m . The results of the field tests are presented in Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 15259:2007, Air quality — Measurement of stationary source emissions — Requirements for
measurement sections and sites and for the measurement objective, plan and report
EN ISO 16911-1, Stationary source emissions — Manual and automatic determination of velocity and
volume flow rate in ducts — Part 1: Manual reference method (ISO 16911-1)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
dust
particles, of any shape, structure or density, dispersed in the gas phase at the sampling point conditions
which may be collected by filtration under specified conditions after representative sampling of the gas
to be analysed, and which remain upstream of the filter and on the filter after drying under specified
conditions
3.2
filtration temperature
temperature of the sampled gas immediately downstream of the filter
3.3
in-stack filtration
filtration in the duct with the filter in its filter housing placed immediately downstream of the sampling
nozzle
3.4
out-stack filtration
filtration outside of the duct with the filter in its heated filter housing placed downstream of the sampling
nozzle and the suction tube
5
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3.5
isokinetic sampling
sampling at a flow rate such that the velocity v and direction of the gas entering the sampling nozzle are
n
the same as the velocity v and direction of the gas in the duct at the measurement point
d
Note 1 to entry: Figure 1 gives an illustration of isokinetic sampling.
Note 2 to entry: Annex B shows the influence of the isokinetic rate on the representativeness of the collected
particles.
Key
1 duct
2 radius of the bend (minimum 1,5 dp)
3 internal diameter of the suction tube d
p
Figure 1 — Isokinetic sampling
3.6
isokinetic rate
velocity ratio v /v expressed in percentage as a characteristic of the deviation from isokinetic sampling
n d
6
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3.7
hydraulic diameter
d
h
quotient of four times the area A and the perimeter P of the measurement plane
4× A
d = (1)
h
P
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
3.8
measurement plane
plane normal to the centreline of the duct at the sampling position
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
Note 1 to entry: Measurement plane is also known as sampling plane.
3.9
measurement line
line in the sampling plane along which the sampling points are located, bounded by the inner duct wall
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
Note 1 to entry: Measurement line is also known as sampling line.
Note 2 to entry: Figure 2 gives an illustration of definitions in relation to a circular duct.
7
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Key
1 measurement line
2 measurement plane
3 measurement port
4 flow direction
Figure 2 — Illustration of definitions in relation to a circular duct
3.10
measurement point
position in the measurement plane at which the sample stream is extracted or the measurement data are
obtained directly
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
Note 1 to entry: Measurement point is also known as sampling point.
3.11
measurement port
opening in the waste gas duct along the measurement line, through which access to the waste gas is
gained
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
Note 1 to entry: Measurement port is also known as sampling port or access port.
8
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EN 13284-1:2017 (E)
3.12
standard conditions
reference values for a dry gas at a pressure of 101,3 kPa and a temperature of 273,15 K
3.13
field blank
sample obtained according to the field blank procedure
3.14
field blank procedure
procedure used to ensure that no significant contamination has occurred during all the steps of the
measurement
Note 1 to entry: This includes for instance the equipment preparation in laboratory, its transport and installation
in the field as well as the subsequent analytical work in the laboratory.
3.15
field blank value
result of a measurement performed according to the field blank procedure at the plant site and in the
laboratory
3.16
weighing control
procedure for the detection/correction of apparent weight variations due to possible changes between
pre and post sampling weighing conditions
3.17
measurement series
successive measurements carried out at the same measurement plane and at the same operating
conditions of the industrial process
3.18
emission limit value
ELV
limit value given in regulations such as EU Directives, ordinances, administrative regulations, permits,
licences, authorizations or consents
Note 1 to entry: ELV can be stated as concentration limits expressed as half-hourly, hourly and daily averaged
values, or mass flow limits expressed as hourly, daily, weekly, monthly or annually aggregated values.
Note 2 to entry: For purposes other than regulatory uses the measurement value is compared to a stated
reference value.
4 Symbols and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply.
A area of the measurement plane
c dust concentration
d diameter of the duct
d hydraulic diameter
h
9
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EN 13284-1:2017 (E)
d internal diameter of the sampling nozzle
n
d internal diameter of the suction tube
p
f correction factor
c
h humidity of the gas in actual conditions, in percentage volume
a
h humidity of the gas in measurement conditions, in percentage volume
m
m total mass of dust collected upstream of the filter (rinsing) and on the filter
o oxygen concentration in percentage volume of dry gas measured in the duct
m
o oxygen reference concentration in percentage volume of dry gas
ref
P perimeter of the measurement plane
p absolute pressure of gases in actual conditions in the duct
a
p absolute pressure of the gas in measurement conditions at the volume meter
m
Q sampling volumetric flow rate, expressed in the actual conditions in the duct
a
Q measured sampling volumetric flow rate at gas meter conditions
m
T temperature of the gas in actual conditions in the duct, in Kelvin
a
T temperature of the gas in measurement conditions at the volume meter, in Kelvin
m
V sample volume
v velocity of the gas in the duct at the measurement point
d
v velocity of the gas entering the sampling nozzle
n
4.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply.
ELV emission limit value
PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
5 Principle
A sample stream of the gas is extracted from the main gas stream at representative measurement points
for a measured period of time, with an isokinetically controlled flow rate and a measured volume. The
dust entrained in the gas sample is separated by a pre-weighed plane filter, which is then dried and re-
weighed. Deposits upstream of the filter in the sampling system are also recovered and weighed. The
increase of mass of the filter and the deposited mass upstream the filter are attributed to dust collected
from the sampled gas, which allows the dust concentration to be calculated.
Two different configurations of the sampling system may be used depending on the characteristics of
gases to be sampled (see 7.2.2).
Valid measurements can be achieved only when:
a) the gas stream in the duct at the measurement site (sampling location) has a sufficiently steady
velocity profile (see EN 15259);
b) sampling is carried out without disturbance of the gas stream with a sharp edged nozzle facing into
the stream under isokinetic conditions;
10
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c) samples are taken at a pre-selected number of stated positions in the measurement plane, to allow
for a non-uniform distribution of dust in the duct;
d) the sampling system is designed and operated to avoid condensation, chemical reactions and to
minimize dust deposits upstream of the filter and to be leak free;
e) sampling is carried out at an appropriate filtration temperature, e.g. stack temperature or at least the
recommended temperature of 160 °C (see Annex H);
f) dust deposits upstream of the filter are taken into account;
g) the field blank value does not exceed 10 % of the lowest emission limit value set for the process or
3
0,5 mg/m , whichever is greater;
h) the sampling and weighing procedures are adapted to the expected dust quantities;
i) the expanded uncertainty calculated by means of an uncertainty budget does not exceed the
corresponding specification in the measurement objective. For regulatory purposes the expanded
uncertainty shall not exceed 20 % of the emission limit value specified by the authorities unless
specified otherwise by the competent authorities.
NOTE The IED e.g. specifies a maximum permissible uncertainty of 30 % of the daily emission limit value (ELV)
for automated dust measuring systems. This requires that the expanded uncertainty of the SRM is lower for
calibration purposes.
Annex D provides a summary of the requirements for the application of this measurement method.
6 Measurement planning and sampling strategy
6.1 Measurement planning
Emission measurements at a plant shall be carried out such that the results are representative of the
emissions from this plant for operating conditions specified in the measurement objective and
comparable with results obtained for other comparable plants. Therefore, dust measurements shall be
planned in accordance with EN 15259.
Before carrying out any measurements, the purpose of the sampling and the sampling procedures shall
be discussed with the plant personnel concerned. The nature of the plant process, e.g. steady-state or
cyclic, can affect the sampling programme. If the process can be performed in a steady-state, it is
important that this is maintained during sampling.
Dates, starting times, duration of survey and sampling periods as well as plant operating conditions
during these periods shall be agreed with the plant management.
Preliminary calculations shall be made on the basis of expected dust concentration in order to verify that
expected sampled dust quantities are consistent with attainable field blank values, and that no
overloading of the filter occurs (see Annex E).
For sampling duration limited to 30 min, required for certain trial or regulatory purposes, the uncertainty
of measurement can increase due to the limited sample volume. Furthermore, completion of sampling
along two diameters within 30 min, even for medium size ducts, can require simultaneous sampling with
two or more sampling systems.
Where possible, the sampling duration can be extended, which decreases the quantification limit and
improves the measurement uncertainty (see Annex E). The sampling duration should be selected, to
minimize the effect of non-steady-state conditions of the stationary source.
11
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SIST EN 13284-1:2018
EN 13284-1:2017 (E)
Taking in
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 13284-1:2015
01-december-2015
(PLVLMHQHSUHPLþQLKYLURY'RORþHYDQMHQL]NLKPDVQLKNRQFHQWUDFLMSUDKXGHO
5RþQDJUDYLPHWULMVNDPHWRGD
Stationary source emissions - Determination of low range mass concentration of dust -
Part 1: Manual gravimetric method
Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Ermittlung der Staubmassenkonzentration bei
geringen Staubkonzentrationen - Teil 1: Manuelles gravimetrisches Verfahren
Emissions de sources fixes - Détermination de la faible concentration en masse de
poussières - Partie 1 : Méthode gravimétrique manuelle
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 13284-1
ICS:
13.040.40 (PLVLMHQHSUHPLþQLKYLURY Stationary source emissions
oSIST prEN 13284-1:2015 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 13284-1:2015
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oSIST prEN 13284-1:2015
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 13284-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2015
ICS 13.040.40 Will supersede EN 13284-1:2001
English Version
Stationary source emissions - Determination of low range
mass concentration of dust - Part 1: Manual gravimetric
method
Emissions de sources fixes - Détermination de la faible Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Ermittlung der
concentration en masse de poussières - Partie 1 : Staubmassenkonzentration bei geringen
Méthode gravimétrique manuelle Staubkonzentrationen - Teil 1: Manuelles
gravimetrisches Verfahren
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 264.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 13284-1:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 13284-1:2015
prEN 13284-1:2015 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 11
4.1 Symbols . 11
4.2 Abbreviations . 11
5 Principle . 11
6 Measurement planning and sampling strategy . 12
6.1 Measurement planning . 12
6.2 Sampling strategy. 13
6.2.1 General . 13
6.2.2 Measurement section and measurement plane . 13
6.2.3 Minimum number and location of measurement points . 13
6.2.4 Measurement ports and working platform . 13
7 Equipment and materials . 14
7.1 Gas velocity, temperature, pressure and composition measurement devices . 14
7.2 Sampling equipment . 14
7.2.1 Sampling system . 14
7.2.2 Filtration device. 14
7.2.3 Entry nozzle . 18
7.2.4 Suction tube for out-stack filtration devices . 19
7.2.5 Suction unit . 19
7.2.6 Gas metering devices . 19
7.3 Dust deposit recovery accessories . 21
7.4 Equipment for conditioning and weighing . 21
8 Weighing procedure . 21
8.1 General . 21
8.2 Pre-sampling conditioning . 21
8.3 Weighing . 22
8.4 Post-sampling treatment of weighed parts . 22
8.5 Post-sampling treatment of the rinsing solutions . 23
8.6 Improvement of the weighing procedure . 23
9 Sampling procedure . 23
9.1 Preparation . 23
9.2 Filter handling . 24
9.3 Pre-measurements . 24
9.4 Leak test. 25
9.5 Sampling . 25
9.6 Recovery of deposits upstream of the filter . 27
9.6.1 General . 27
9.6.2 Rinsing procedure . 27
9.7 Field blank . 27
2
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prEN 13284-1:2015 (E)
10 Calculation. 28
10.1 Sampling volumetric flow rate . 28
10.2 Dust concentration . 28
11 Measurement report . 29
Annex A (informative) Performance characteristics of the method obtained in the method
validation . 31
A.1 General . 31
A.2 Experimental data . 32
A.3 Comments . 32
Annex B (informative) Influence of the isokinetic rate on the representativeness of the
collected particles . 33
Annex C (normative) Proven design of the entry nozzles . 35
Annex D (informative) Summary of the requirements . 38
Annex E (normative) Sampling volume, flow rate and duration . 40
E.1 General . 40
E.2 Weighing uncertainties . 40
E.3 Sampling volume. 40
E.4 Sampling flow rate and duration . 40
Annex F (informative) Examples of weighing bias . 41
F.1 General . 41
F.2 Effect of insufficient temperature equilibrium . 41
F.3 Effect of temperature variations . 41
F.4 Effect of barometric pressure variations . 41
F.5 Conclusions . 42
Annex G (informative) Determination of the measurement uncertainty . 43
G.1 General . 43
G.2 Principle of the determination of the uncertainty contributions of measurands. 43
G.2.1 General . 43
G.2.2 Uncertainty contribution of calibration . 43
G.2.3 Uncertainty contribution of the drift . 44
G.2.4 Uncertainty contribution of the display resolution . 44
G.3 Combination of the uncertainty contributions of the individual measurands. 45
G.3.1 Procedure . 45
G.3.2 Specification of the method model equation . 46
G.3.3 Stepwise calculation of the individual uncertainty contributions . 47
G.3.3.1 Determination of variances for the individual measurands . 47
G.3.3.2 Determination of variance of weighing with a test weight as reference . 47
G.3.3.3 Determination of the variance of the dust loading . 48
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G.3.3.4 Determination of the variance of the measured gas volume . 49
G.3.3.5 Determination of the variance of the temperature measured at the gas meter . 51
G.3.3.6 Determination of the variance of the relative pressure at the gas meter . 52
G.3.3.7 Determination of the variance of the measured atmospheric pressure . 53
G.3.3.8 Determination of the variance of the standard volume . 54
G.3.3.9 Calculation of the sensitivity coefficients . 55
G.3.3.10 Calculation of the variance of the normalized dust concentration . 56
G.3.3.11 Calculation of the variance of the normalized dust concentration for reference
oxygen content . 57
G.4 Effective number of the degrees of freedom . 58
Annex H (informative) Thermal behaviour of dusts . 60
Annex I (informative) Significant technical changes . 61
Bibliography . 63
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European foreword
This document (prEN 13284-1:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air
quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 13284-1:2001.
This document is Part 1 of a series of European Standards:
— EN 13284-1, Stationary source emissions – Determination of low range mass concentration of dust –
Part 1: Manual gravimetric method
— EN 13284-2, Stationary source emissions – Determination of low range mass concentration of dust –
Part 2: Automated measuring systems
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1 Scope
This European Standard specifies the standard reference method (SRM) for the measurement of low
3
dust concentration in ducted gaseous streams in the concentrations below 50 mg/m at standard
conditions.
This European Standard is primarily developed and validated for gaseous streams emitted by waste
incinerators. More generally, it can be applied to gases emitted from stationary sources, and to higher
concentrations.
If the gases contain unstable, reactive or semi-volatile substances, the measurement depends on the
sampling and filter treatment conditions.
This method has been validated in field tests with special emphasis to dust concentrations around
3
5 mg/m . The results of the field tests are presented in Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 15259, Air quality - Measurement of stationary source emissions - Requirements for measurement
sections and sites and for the measurement objective, plan and report
EN ISO 16911-1, Stationary source emissions - Manual and automatic determination of velocity and
volume flow rate in ducts - Part 1: Manual reference method (ISO 16911-1)
ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 2: Basic
method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
dust
particles, of any shape, structure or density, dispersed in the gas phase at the sampling point conditions
which may be collected by filtration under specified conditions after representative sampling of the gas
to be analysed, and which remain upstream of the filter and on the filter after drying under specified
conditions
3.2
filtration temperature
temperature of the sampled gas immediately downstream of the filter
3.3
in-stack filtration
filtration in the duct with the filter in its filter housing placed immediately downstream of the sampling
nozzle
3.4
out-stack filtration
filtration outside of the duct with the filter in its heated filter housing placed downstream of the
sampling nozzle and the suction tube (sampling probe)
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3.5
isokinetic sampling
sampling at a flow rate such that the velocity v and direction of the gas entering the sampling nozzle
n
are the same as the velocity v and direction of the gas in the duct at the measurement point
d
Note 1 to entry: Figure 1 gives an illustration of isokinetic sampling.
Note 2 to entry: Annex B shows the influence of the isokinetic rate on the representativeness of the collected
particles.
Key
1 duct
2 radius of the bend (minimum 1,5 i)
3 internal diameter i
Figure 1 — Isokinetic sampling
3.6
isokinetic rate
velocity ratio vn/vd expressed in percentage as a characteristic of the deviation from isokinetic sampling
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3.7
hydraulic diameter
d
h
quotient of four times the area A and the perimeter P of the measurement plane
4× A
d = (1)
h
P
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
3.8
measurement plane
plane normal to the centreline of the duct at the sampling position
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
Note 1 to entry: Measurement plane is also known as sampling plane.
3.9
measurement line
line in the sampling plane along which the sampling points are located, bounded by the inner duct wall
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
Note 1 to entry: Measurement line is also known as sampling line.
Note 2 to entry: Figure 2 gives an illustration of definitions in relation to a circular duct.
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Key
1 measurement line
2 measurement plane
3 measurement port
4 flow direction
Figure 2 — Illustration of definitions in relation to a circular duct
3.10
measurement point
position in the measurement plane at which the sample stream is extracted or the measurement data
are obtained directly
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
Note 1 to entry: Measurement point is also known as sampling point.
3.11
measurement port
opening in the waste gas duct along the measurement line, through which access to the waste gas is
gained
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
Note 1 to entry: Measurement port is also known as sampling port or access port.
3.12
standard conditions
reference values for a dry gas at a pressure of 101,325 kPa rounded to 101,3 kPa and a temperature of
273,15 K rounded to 273 K
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3.13
field blank
test sample obtained according to the field blank procedure
3.14
field blank procedure
procedure used to ensure that no significant contamination has occurred during all the steps of the
measurement
Note 1 to entry: This includes for instance the equipment preparation in laboratory, its transport and
installation in the field as well as the subsequent analytical work in the laboratory.
3.15
field blank value
result of a measurement performed according to the field blank procedure at the plant site and in the
laboratory
3.16
weighing control
procedure for the detection/correction of apparent weight variations due to possible changes between
pre and post sampling weighing conditions
3.17
measurement series
successive measurements carried out at the same sampling plane, and at the same process conditions
3.18
emission limit value
ELV
mass concentration, expressed in terms of certain specific parameters, which may not be exceeded
during one or more periods of time
Note 1 to entry: For purposes other than regulatory uses the measurement value is compared to a stated
reference value.
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4 Symbols and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols
A area of the measurement plane
c dust concentration
d diameter of the duct
d hydraulic diameter
h
f correction factor
c
h humidity of the gas in actual conditions, in percentage volume
a
h humidity of the gas in measurement conditions, in percentage volume
m
i internal diameter of the sampling nozzle
m total mass of dust collected upstream of the filter (rinsing) and on the filter
o oxygen concentration in percentage volume of dry gas measured in the duct
m
o oxygen reference concentration in percentage volume of dry gas at standard conditions
ref
P perimeter of the measurement plane
p absolute pressure of gases in actual conditions
a
p absolute pressure of the gas in measurement conditions
m
Q sampling flow rate, expressed in the actual conditions in the duct
a
Q measured sampling flow rate at gas meter conditions
m
T temperature of the gas in actual conditions, in Kelvin
a
T temperature of the gas in measurement conditions, in Kelvin
m
V sample volume
vd velocity of the gas in the duct at the measurement point
v velocity of the gas entering the sampling nozzle
n
4.2 Abbreviations
ELV emission limit value
PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
5 Principle
A sample stream of the gas is extracted from the main gas stream at representative measurement points
for a measured period of time, with an isokinetically controlled flow rate and a measured volume. The
dust entrained in the gas sample is separated by a pre-weighed plane filter, which is then dried and re-
weighed. Deposits upstream of the filter in the sampling system are also recovered and weighed. The
increase of mass of the filter and the deposited mass upstream the filter are attributed to dust collected
from the sampled gas, which allows the dust concentration to be calculated.
Two different configurations of the sampling system may be used depending on the characteristics of
gases to be sampled (see 7.2.2).
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Valid measurements can be achieved only when:
a) the gas stream in the duct at the measurement site (sampling location) has a sufficiently steady
velocity profile (see EN 15259);
b) sampling is carried out without disturbance of the gas stream with a sharp edged nozzle facing into
the stream under isokinetic conditions;
c) samples are taken at a pre-selected number of stated positions in the measurement plane, to allow
for a non-uniform distribution of dust in the duct;
d) the sampling system is designed and operated to avoid condensation, chemical reactions and to
minimize dust deposits upstream of the filter and to be leak free;
e) dust deposits upstream of the filter are taken into account;
f) the field blank value does not exceed 10 % of the lowest emission limit value set for the process or
3
0,5 mg/m , whichever is greater;
g) the limit of quantification does not exceed 10 % of the lowest emission limit value set for the
3
process or 0,5 mg/m , whichever is greater;
h) the sampling and weighing procedures are adapted to the expected dust quantities;
i) the expanded uncertainty calculated by means of an uncertainty budget does not exceed the
corresponding specification in the measurement objective. For regulatory purposes the expanded
uncertainty shall not exceed 20 % of the emission limit value specified by the authorities unless
specified otherwise by the competent authorities.
NOTE The IED e.g. specifies a maximum permissible uncertainty of 30,0 % of the daily emission limit value
(ELV) for automated dust measuring systems. This requires that the expanded uncertainty of the SRM is lower for
calibration purposes.
Annex D provides a summary of the requirements specified in this European Standard.
6 Measurement planning and sampling strategy
6.1 Measurement planning
Emission measurements at a plant shall be carried out such that the results are representative of the
emissions from this plant for operating conditions specified in the measurement objective and
comparable with results obtained for other comparable plants. Therefore, dust measurements shall be
planned in accordance with EN 15259.
Before carrying out any measurements, the purpose of the sampling and the sampling procedures shall
be discussed with the plant personnel concerned. The nature of the plant process, e.g. steady-state or
cyclic, can affect the sampling programme. If the process can be performed in a steady-state, it is
important that this is maintained during sampling.
Dates, starting times, duration of survey and sampling periods as well as plant operating conditions
during these periods shall be agreed with the plant management.
Preliminary calculations are to be made on the basis of expected dust concentration in order to verify
that expected sampled dust quantities are consistent with attainable field blank values, and that no
overloading of the filter occurs (see Annex E).
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For sampling duration limited to 30 min, require
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