89/429/EEC - Reduction of air pollution from existing municipal waste incineration plants
Council Directive 89/429/EEC aims to reduce air pollution from existing municipal waste-incineration plants. It sets emission limit values and operational conditions to ensure the protection of human health and the environment by regulating pollutants from waste incineration processes. Existing plants, defined as those authorized before 1 December 1990, must comply with specific emission thresholds for dust, carbon monoxide, and other pollutants by set deadlines, depending on their capacity. Larger plants (6 tonnes per hour or more) must meet stricter conditions similar to those applying to new plants by 1 December 1996. The directive requires continuous or periodic monitoring of combustion gases and operational parameters, with results communicated to competent authorities and made available to the public, respecting commercial confidentiality. It also addresses potential emissions of dioxins and furans, allowing alternative combustion techniques if emissions are equivalent or lower. Member States must enforce compliance, ensure timely plant adaptations, and may adopt more stringent measures. The directive establishes detailed technical standards and deadlines to promote the gradual implementation of best available technologies without excessive costs.
Purpose
Council Directive 89/429/EEC aims to reduce air pollution generated by existing municipal waste-incineration plants within the European Community. Recognizing the harmful effects of such emissions on human health, living ecosystems, and the environment-including possible transboundary pollution-the Directive establishes emissions limits and operational standards to ensure a high level of environmental and public health protection. It aligns with previous environmental programs and legislation to encourage gradual adaptation of existing facilities to the "best available technology" without incurring excessive costs.
Key Obligations
Emission Limit Values:
Existing municipal waste-incineration plants must comply with specific emission limits for pollutants such as total dust and carbon monoxide (CO). For plants of different sizes, these limits are set variably:- Plants with capacity ≥ 6 tonnes/hour must follow the same emissions conditions as new large plants (Directive 89/369/EEC), but with some specific provisions unique to existing plants.
- Plants with capacity < 6 tonnes/hour must meet defined emission limits (e.g., total dust 100 mg/nm³ for 1-6 tonnes/hour, 600 mg/nm³ for <1 tonne/hour) by December 1995 and progress towards the standards applicable to new plants by December 2000.
Combustion Conditions:
Plants with a capacity of at least 6 tonnes per hour must maintain combustion gases at a minimum temperature of 850 °C for at least two seconds in the presence of at least 6% oxygen after the last air injection-by 1 December 1996. Smaller plants must meet similar temperature and oxygen conditions by 1 December 1995.
Carbon monoxide limits during operation are set at 100 mg/nm³, with additional limits applied based on plant size and measuring periods.Measurement and Monitoring Requirements:
Continuous and periodic monitoring of dust, CO, oxygen concentrations, combustion gas temperature, and other factors is mandated-scaled according to plant size. Measurement results must be recorded, processed, and reported for regulatory compliance verification.Operational and Compliance Controls:
In case of exceeding emission limits, plants must immediately notify competent authorities. Non-compliant operations must be modified or shut down promptly. Maximum permissible downtime of pollution control devices is set, with strict limits on exceedance duration and dust emissions during such periods.Public Information:
Authorities must ensure transparent communication on regulatory obligations and compliance results, while respecting commercial secrecy.
Affected Products and Actors
Scope:
The Directive applies to all existing municipal waste-incineration plants, defined as installations processing domestic, commercial, or trade waste by incineration (excluding plants dedicated solely to sewage sludge, chemical, toxic, dangerous, medical, or other special wastes).
Existing plants are those authorized before 1 December 1990.Operators and Authorities:
Operators of the incineration plants are responsible for adhering to emission and combustion requirements and conducting measurements. Competent national authorities are charged with approval of measurement methods, compliance verification, and enforcement of standards.
Implementation Timeline
By 1 December 1990:
Member States to implement necessary national legislation, regulations, and administrative measures to comply with the Directive.By 1 December 1995:
- Smaller plants (<6 tonnes/hour) must meet the emission and combustion conditions under Articles 3 to 7.
- Measurement and control regimes must be established.
- Verification of combustion gas residence time at minimum temperature must be completed.
By 1 December 1996:
- Larger plants (≥6 tonnes/hour) must comply with combustion conditions requiring at least two seconds at 850 °C with 6% oxygen, and with emission conditions similar to new plants, except where otherwise specified.
- Carbon monoxide limits fully applicable.
By 1 December 2000:
- Smaller plants are to adopt the same emission limits and conditions as new plants of equivalent capacity, except certain specific provisions remain as per this Directive.
Member States must communicate national provisions and progress to the European Commission and ensure enforcement of the Directive’s requirements.
The directive applies to existing municipal waste-incineration plants within the European Community. Specifically, it targets technical equipment used for the treatment of municipal waste by incineration, including the entire installation comprising the incinerator, its waste, fuel and air-supply systems, and the devices and systems for checking and monitoring incineration operations. The scope excludes plants used specifically for incineration of sewage sludge, chemical, toxic and dangerous waste, medical waste from hospitals, or other special waste types, even if these plants may occasionally burn municipal waste. It covers plants authorized to operate before 1 December 1990 and with nominal capacities ranging from less than one tonne to six tonnes or more of waste incinerated per hour. The directive addresses emissions from these plants that contribute to air pollution risking public health and the environment.
Die Richtlinie 89/429/EWG zielt darauf ab, die Luftverunreinigung durch bestehende Verbrennungsanlagen für Siedlungsmüll in der Europäischen Gemeinschaft zu verringern. Sie legt verbindliche Emissionsgrenzwerte und Betriebsbedingungen für diese Anlagen fest, um die Umwelt und die menschliche Gesundheit zu schützen. Große Anlagen mit einer Kapazität von mindestens 6 Tonnen Müll pro Stunde müssen bis Ende 1996 den Anforderungen für neue Anlagen entsprechen. Kleinere Anlagen unterliegen gestaffelten Fristen für die Einhaltung technischer und emissionsbezogener Vorgaben bis spätestens 2000. Die Richtlinie regelt verbindliche Emissionsgrenzwerte für Schadstoffe wie Staub, Kohlenmonoxid, Dioxine und Furane sowie Verbrennungsparameter wie Temperatur und Sauerstoffgehalt in den Verbrennungsabgasen. Zudem schreibt sie kontinuierliche oder periodische Messungen und Kontrollmaßnahmen vor und fordert die Information der Öffentlichkeit über die Umweltergebnisse. Ziel ist es, durch den Einsatz der besten verfügbaren Technologie eine wirksame Luftreinhaltung sicherzustellen, ohne unverhältnismäßige Kosten zu verursachen, wobei die Mitgliedstaaten verpflichtet sind, innerstaatliche Rechtsvorschriften zur Umsetzung zu erlassen.
Zweck
Die Richtlinie 89/429/EWG zielt darauf ab, die Luftverunreinigung durch bestehende Verbrennungsanlagen für Siedlungsmüll in den Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Gemeinschaft zu reduzieren. Verbrennungsanlagen emittieren Schadstoffe, die die menschliche Gesundheit und Umwelt schädigen können, auch mit möglicher grenzüberschreitender Wirkung. Die Richtlinie stützt sich auf bereits bestehende Umweltaktionsprogramme und -richtlinien und setzt verbindliche Emissionsgrenzwerte sowie Betriebsanforderungen fest, um einen wirksamen Schutz der öffentlichen Gesundheit und der Umwelt zu gewährleisten. Sie fordert die schrittweise Anpassung vorhandener Anlagen an die beste verfügbare Technologie (BAT), unter Berücksichtigung technischer und wirtschaftlicher Zumutbarkeit.
Wesentliche Verpflichtungen
- Emissionsgrenzwerte: Bestehende Anlagen müssen bestimmte Grenzwerte für Schadstoffe wie Staub, Kohlenmonoxid (CO), Dioxine und Furane einhalten. Grenzwerte variieren je nach Kapazität der Anlage.
- Verbrennungsbedingungen: Mindestanforderungen an Temperatur (mindestens 850 °C), Verweilzeit der Gase (mindestens 2 Sekunden) sowie Mindestanteil an Sauerstoff im Abgas (mindestens 6 %) sind verbindlich einzuhalten.
- Mess- und Überwachungspflichten: Fortlaufende oder periodische Messungen der Schadstoffgehalte und Betriebsparameter müssen durchgeführt und dokumentiert werden. Die Messverfahren sind von Behörden zu genehmigen.
- Meldepflicht bei Grenzwertüberschreitungen: Betreiber müssen die Behörden unverzüglich informieren und Maßnahmen zur Einhaltung der Normen ergreifen.
- Ausfallzeiten für Reinigungsvorrichtungen: Für technisch unvermeidbare Ausfälle sind zeitliche Höchstgrenzen definiert (maximal 16 Stunden am Stück, höchstens 200 Stunden pro Jahr). Während dieser Zeiten dürfen strengere Werte z.B. für Staub nicht überschritten werden.
- Öffentlichkeitsinformation: Ergebnisse der Überwachung sind unter Wahrung der Vertraulichkeit öffentlich zugänglich zu machen.
Betroffene Produkte und Akteure
- Verbrennungsanlagen für Siedlungsmüll: Technische Anlagen, die zur Behandlung und Verbrennung von Hausmüll sowie Büro-, Gewerbe- und ähnlichem Müll dienen, mit oder ohne Wärmerückgewinnung. Ausgenommen sind Anlagen, die ausschließlich Sonderabfälle wie chemische oder giftige Abfälle behandeln.
- Betreiber der Anlagen sind verpflichtet, die technischen Anforderungen umzusetzen und für die Einhaltung der Emissionsgrenzwerte zu sorgen.
- Zuständige Behörden der Mitgliedstaaten tragen die Verantwortung für Genehmigung, Überwachung, Kontrolle und Durchsetzung der Richtlinienanforderungen.
Umsetzungszeitplan
- Bis 1. Dezember 1990: Umsetzung erforderlicher Rechts- und Verwaltungsvorschriften durch die Mitgliedstaaten.
- Bis 1. Dezember 1995: Für Anlagen mit unter 6 Tonnen Kapazität müssen Emissionsgrenzwerte und Verbrennungsbedingungen nach den Artikeln 3 bis 7 erfüllt werden. Außerdem ist eine erste Überprüfung der Verbrennungsbedingungen und Messtechnik verpflichtend. Die Messtechnik ist verpflichtend zu installieren und zu betreiben.
- Bis 1. Dezember 1996: Anlagen mit einer Kapazität von mindestens 6 Tonnen pro Stunde müssen den Emissionsgrenzwerten und Betriebsbedingungen neuer Anlagen entsprechen.
- Bis 1. Dezember 2000: Auch Anlagen mit Kapazität unter 6 Tonnen müssen den Bedingungen für neue Anlagen entsprechen.
- Fortlaufend: Behörden überwachen die Einhaltung und Veranlassen Maßnahmen bei Verstößen.
Diese Fristen ermöglichen eine schrittweise Anpassung unter Berücksichtigung technischer Schwierigkeiten und wirtschaftlicher Tragbarkeit, um eine effektive Reduktion der Luftverunreinigung durch bestehende Müllverbrennungsanlagen zu gewährleisten.
Die Richtlinie 89/429/EWG gilt für bestehende Verbrennungsanlagen für Siedlungsmüll, die vor dem 1. Dezember 1990 genehmigt wurden. Siedlungsmüll umfasst Hausmüll sowie Büro-, Gewerbe- und ähnlichen Müll, der dem Hausmüll zugeordnet werden kann. Ausgenommen sind Anlagen, in denen Klärschlamm, chemische, giftige, gefährliche Abfälle, Krankenhausabfälle oder andere Sonderabfälle verbrannt werden, auch wenn dort anteilig Siedlungsmüll verbrannt wird. Die Richtlinie betrifft technische Betriebsstätten, die der Behandlung von Siedlungsabfällen durch Verbrennung dienen, mit oder ohne Rückgewinnung der bei der Verbrennung freiwerdenden Wärme. Der Anwendungsbereich umfasst die gesamte Anlage inklusive Feuerungsanlage, Zufuhrvorrichtungen für Abfälle, Brennstoffe und Luft sowie Geräte zur kontinuierlichen Überwachung der Verbrennungsbedingungen. Ziel ist die Verringerung der Luftverunreinigung durch Emissionsbegrenzungen und Betriebsvorschriften für diese Anlagen.
La directive 89/429/CEE vise à réduire la pollution atmosphérique émanant des installations existantes d'incinération des déchets municipaux. Elle impose aux États membres de soumettre ces installations à des conditions strictes, notamment des valeurs limites d'émission pour les polluants, avec une attention particulière portée aux dioxines et furanes. Les installations sont classées selon leur capacité nominale, avec des échéances spécifiques pour leur mise en conformité : au plus tard le 1er décembre 1996 pour celles d’une capacité égale ou supérieure à 6 tonnes/heure, et le 1er décembre 2000 pour les plus petites. Les conditions de combustion obligatoires comprennent notamment un traitement des gaz à une température minimale de 850 °C en présence d’au moins 6 % d’oxygène pendant un temps défini, ainsi qu’une concentration maximale de monoxyde de carbone. La directive impose également des obligations de surveillance continue ou périodique des émissions, ainsi que des mesures en cas de dépassement des normes. Enfin, elle prévoit la transparence des informations relatives aux contrôles et aux dispositifs de réduction des émissions, afin d'assurer une protection efficace de la santé publique et de l'environnement tout en favorisant l'utilisation des meilleures technologies disponibles sans coûts excessifs.
Objet et but
La directive 89/429/CEE du Conseil, adoptée le 21 juin 1989, vise à réduire la pollution atmosphérique provenant des installations existantes d'incinération des déchets municipaux dans les États membres de la Communauté économique européenne. Elle s'inscrit dans le cadre des programmes d’action communautaires destinés à prévenir et réduire la pollution atmosphérique et à protéger la santé publique ainsi que l’environnement.
Cette directive répond à la nécessité de fixer des normes harmonisées, notamment des valeurs limites d’émission, afin d’assurer une protection efficace contre les émissions polluantes des installations d’incinération déjà en fonctionnement, en s’appuyant sur la meilleure technologie disponible sans coûts excessifs.
Obligations principales
Conformité des installations existantes :
- Les installations existantes d’incinération des déchets municipaux doivent être soumises à des conditions similaires à celles imposées aux nouvelles installations, selon leur capacité, à des dates limites fixées (voir section « Calendrier »).
- Adaptation progressive des installations existantes aux exigences de la meilleure technologie disponible qui ne génèrent pas de coûts excessifs.
Valeurs limites d’émission :
- Les installations de capacité nominale inférieure à 6 tonnes/h mais supérieure ou égale à 1 tonne/h doivent respecter une limite de poussières totales de 100 mg/Nm³.
- Les installations inférieures à 1 tonne/h doivent respecter une limite de poussières totales de 600 mg/Nm³ (valeur pouvant être ajustée selon teneur en oxygène).
- Les autorités peuvent fixer des valeurs limites pour d’autres polluants, dont les dioxines et furanes, en fonction des caractéristiques des déchets incinérés.
Conditions de combustion :
- Pour les installations ≥ 6 tonnes/h : température des gaz d’au moins 850 °C avec 6 % d’oxygène pendant au moins 2 secondes (des dérogations possibles pour difficultés techniques majeures, en particulier liées au renouvellement des fours).
- Pour les autres installations, conditions similaires mais avec temps de séjour à déterminer par les autorités compétentes.
Concentration maximale de monoxyde de carbone (CO) :
- Valeur limite fixée à 100 mg/Nm³ (avec modalités précises de moyenne horaire ou journalière selon la capacité).
Suivi et contrôle des émissions :
- Mesures continues obligatoires pour les installations ≥ 1 tonne/h (poussières totales, CO, oxygène, température).
- Mesures périodiques pour les plus petites installations (< 1 tonne/h).
- Enregistrement, traitement et présentation des données aux autorités compétentes.
- Respect des procédures et méthodes de mesure agréées.
Gestion des dépassements :
- Information immédiate de l’autorité compétente en cas de dépassement des valeurs limites.
- Suspension ou arrêt de l’installation tant que les normes ne sont pas respectées.
- Restrictions précises en cas d’arrêts techniques des dispositifs d’épuration (durée maximale et teneur en poussières autorisée).
Transparence :
- Mise à disposition du public des informations relatives aux obligations et aux résultats des contrôles, dans le respect du secret commercial.
Produits et acteurs concernés
Produits :
- Déchets municipaux, c’est-à-dire les déchets ménagers ainsi que ceux des commerces ou entreprises dont la nature se rapproche des déchets ménagers.
Installations :
- Installations d’incinération des déchets municipaux existantes, définies comme celles autorisées avant le 1er décembre 1990.
- Sont exclues les installations spécifiques d’incinération des boues d’épuration, déchets chimiques, toxiques, dangereux ou hospitaliers, même si elles incinèrent aussi des déchets municipaux.
Acteurs :
- Exploitants des installations d’incinération existantes.
- Autorités compétentes des États membres chargées du contrôle, de la délivrance d’autorisations et de la mise en œuvre des mesures.
- Le public avec accès aux informations environnementales.
Calendrier de mise en œuvre
Pour les installations avec une capacité nominale ≥ 6 tonnes de déchets par heure :
- Conformité aux conditions applicables aux installations nouvelles au plus tard le 1er décembre 1996 (avec certaines dispositions spécifiques au sein de la directive).
Pour les autres installations :
- Respect des conditions spécifiques définies par la directive au plus tard le 1er décembre 1995.
- Achèvement de la mise en conformité avec les conditions applicables aux nouvelles installations au plus tard le 1er décembre 2000.
Surveillance continue et contrôles périodiques des émissions imposés dès le 1er décembre 1995.
Tout dépassement des valeurs limites doit être communiqué immédiatement et entraîner une action corrective rapide.
Cette directive vise ainsi à assurer une harmonisation minimale des standards environnementaux pour les installations d’incinération, renforcer les mécanismes de suivi et contrôle des émissions polluantes, tout en assurant une protection réelle de la santé publique et de l’environnement à l’échelle communautaire.
La directive 89/429/CEE s'applique aux installations existantes d'incinération des déchets municipaux, c'est-à-dire aux équipements techniques destinés au traitement par incinération des déchets ménagers ainsi que des déchets de commerces ou d'entreprises similaires aux déchets ménagers par leur nature ou composition. Elle exclut les installations spécialisées dans l'incinération de boues d'épuration, déchets chimiques, toxiques, dangereux, déchets hospitaliers et autres déchets spéciaux, même si ces dernières peuvent également incinérer des déchets municipaux. La directive vise spécifiquement les installations dont la première autorisation d'exploitation a été délivrée avant le 1er décembre 1990, et s'applique à celles dont la capacité nominale varie, avec des exigences différenciées selon que la capacité est inférieure ou supérieure à 6 tonnes de déchets par heure. L'objectif est d'encadrer la réduction de la pollution atmosphérique émise par ces installations, en imposant des normes techniques et des limites d'émission pour protéger la santé publique et l'environnement.
Direktiva 89/429/EGS določa ukrepe za zmanjšanje onesnaževanja zraka iz obstoječih sežigalnic komunalnih odpadkov v državah članicah EU. Namen je zaščititi javno zdravje in okolje ter zagotoviti postopno prilagoditev naprav najboljši razpoložljivi tehnologiji brez čezmernih stroškov. Direktiva predpisuje mejne vrednosti emisij snovi v zrak, kot so prah, ogljikov monoksid, dioksini in furani, ter zahteva stalno spremljanje in poročanje o rezultatih. Vse obstoječe sežigalnice morajo do določenih rokov, odvisno od zmogljivosti, izpolnjevati enake pogoje kot nove naprave. Pogoji sežiga vključujejo segrevanje zgorevalnih plinov na najmanj 850 °C ob dovoljenem deležu kisika. V primeru preseganja mejnih vrednosti izvajalci morajo takoj ukrepati, vključno z morebitnim začasnim zaprtjem objektov. Direktiva prav tako omogoča državam članicam uvedbo strožjih ukrepov in spodbuja uporabo čistih tehnologij za obvladovanje emisij iz sežigalnic.
Namen
Direktiva Sveta 89/429/EGS z dne 21. junija 1989 ureja zmanjševanje onesnaževanja zraka iz obstoječih sežigalnic komunalnih odpadkov. Cilj je zaščita javnega zdravja in okolja pred škodljivimi vplivi emisij iz sežigalnic, ki lahko povzročijo čezmejno onesnaževanje. Direktiva določa standarde za emisije in pogoje obratovanja, spodbuja uporabo najboljših razpoložljivih tehnologij brez čezmernih stroškov ter zagotavlja usklajenost med državami članicami EU.
Ključne obveznosti
Pogoji obratovanja sežigalnic: Sežigalnice morajo izpolnjevati mejne vrednosti emisij in pogoje sežiga po najboljših razpoložljivih tehnologijah:
- Za sežigalnice z nazivno zmogljivostjo 6 ton odpadkov na uro ali več morajo do 1. decembra 1996 izpolnjevati enake pogoje kot nove naprave.
- Za manjše naprave so določeni postopni roki: do 1. decembra 1995 morajo izpolnjevati osnovne pogoje, do 1. decembra 2000 pa enake pogoje kot nove sežigalnice.
Mejne vrednosti emisij:
- Celotni prah ne sme preseči 100 mg/m³ za naprave z zmogljivostjo med 1 in 6 ton na uro.
- Naprave pod 1 tono na uro imajo mejno vrednost 600 mg/m³.
- Za ogljikov monoksid (CO) so določene mejne vrednosti glede na zmogljivost in časovno povprečje.
- Pristojni organi lahko določijo mejne vrednosti tudi za druge onesnaževalce, vključno z dioksini in furani.
Pogoji sežiga:
- Plini morajo biti segreti na vsaj 850 °C za minimalno 2 sekundi v prisotnosti vsaj 6 % kisika.
- Posebni pogoji se lahko dovolijo, če se uporabijo ustrezne tehnike za zmanjšanje emisij PCDD in PCDF.
Meritve in nadzor:
- Stalne meritve koncentracije prahu, CO in kisika za naprave z zmogljivostjo od 1 tone dalje.
- Redne meritve in beleženje obratovalnih parametrov po navodilih pristojnih organov.
- Pristojni organi morajo odrejati programe meritev in spremljati skladnost z mejami.
Obvladovanje preseganja mejnih vrednosti:
- V primeru preseganja so pristojni organi dolžni ukrepati, vključno z zaustavitvijo obratovanja sežigalnice do odprave kršitev.
- Določeni so najdaljši dovoljeni časi ustavitev in omejitve za prekoračitve emisijskih mej.
Informiranje javnosti:
- Države članice morajo javnosti zagotoviti dostop do podatkov o obveznostih in rezultatih nadzora ob spoštovanju poslovne tajnosti.
Pristojnosti držav članic:
- Države morajo sprejeti zakone in uredbe za implementacijo direktive ter zagotavljati izvajanje nadzora in skladnosti.
Vplivani proizvodi in subjekti
Sežigalnice komunalnih odpadkov:
- Definirane kot tehnična oprema za sežig komunalnih odpadkov, vključno z obratom, napravami za oskrbo z odpadki, gorivom in zrakom ter nadzornimi sistemi.
- Izključene so sežigalnice za posebne nevarne odpadke, industrijske, medicinske in kemične odpadke.
Upravitelji in lastniki sežigalnic:
- Odgovorni za pridobitev dovoljenj, spoštovanje mejnih vrednosti, izvajanje meritev in prilagajanje tehnoloških postopkov.
Pristojni organi držav članic:
- Odgovorni za izdajo dovoljenj, nadzor nad izvajanjem direktive, določanje mejnih vrednosti za posebne primere, ter ukrepanje ob neskladnostih.
Časovni okvir izvajanja
- 1. december 1990: Rok za države članice za prenos direktive v nacionalno zakonodajo.
- 1. december 1995:
- Sežigalnice pod 6 ton/h morajo izpolnjevati osnovne pogoje direktive.
- Izvedba stalnih in rednih meritev emisij ter obratovalnih parametrov.
- Manjšim sežigalnicam (≤1 tono/h) je določena višja mejna vrednost prahu (600 mg/nm³).
- 1. december 1996:
- Sežigalnice z zmogljivostjo 6 ton/h ali več morajo izpolnjevati pogoje za nove naprave, vključno s pogoji sežiga (850 °C, 2 sekundi, 6 % kisika).
- 1. december 2000:
- Manjše sežigalnice morajo do tega datuma uvesti vse standarde, skladne z novimi napravami.
Pristojni organi morajo prilagoditve izvajati glede na preostalo življenjsko dobo naprav in tehnične omejitve, pri čemer se izogibajo čezmernim stroškom.
Direktiva 89/429/EGS je ključni pravni instrument za varstvo zraka in okolja, ki skrbi za nadzor nad emisijami iz sežigalnic komunalnih odpadkov v državah članicah Evropske skupnosti. Njena implementacija je osredotočena na postopno izboljšanje tehnologij in stroge mejne vrednosti, kar prispeva k trajnostnemu ravnanju z odpadki in zaščiti javnega zdravja.
Direktiva 89/429/EGS se nanaša na obstoječe sežigalnice komunalnih odpadkov, to je tehnično opremo za obdelavo komunalnih odpadkov s sežigom, ne glede na to, ali se proizvedena toplota izrablja ali ne. Ne vključuje naprav za sežig blata iz čistilnih naprav, kemičnih, strupenih, nevarnih ali specialnih odpadkov, čeprav se lahko v njih sežigajo tudi komunalni odpadki. Direktiva zajema sežigalnice z nazivno zmogljivostjo najmanj ene tone odpadkov na uro z določenimi mejami in pogoji, priloženimi glede omejevanja emisij škodljivih snovi v zrak za varstvo javnega zdravja in okolja. Namen je zmanjšanje onesnaževanja zraka iz industrijskih obratov, zlasti za naprave, ki so v obratovanju pred 1. decembrom 1990, ob zagotavljanju prilagoditve najboljšim razpoložljivim tehnologijam brez čezmernih stroškov.
General Information
This document specifies a manual reference method for the determination of the mass concentration of specific elements in stationary source emissions. The method is applicable to each of the specific elements in the concentration range of 0,005 mg/m3 to 5 mg/m3.
This document has been validated for the determination of the mass concentration of metals in incineration exhaust gases - applying the performance criteria stated in Clause 9 - for the following elements:
- arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), thallium (Tl), and vanadium (V) and their compounds.
The document can be used to determine metals other than those listed above (for example, selenium (Se) (ISO 17211), tellurium (Te), beryllium (Be), tin (Sn) and zinc (Zn)).
NOTE 1 These other metals mentioned above are commonly required by National Regulations, but this document currently has not yet been validated for these metals.
The document was validated for waste incinerators, but it is also applicable to other industrial processes, the practical experience shows that it can be applied over wide concentration ranges and various emission sources.
If mercury is intended to be determined as well, this can be sampled in a side stream arrangement of the sampling train (EN 13211) [5].
NOTE 2 This document has been validated with the described materials, equipment, sampling, and digestion performances etc., followed by analyses with atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES,) or inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This does not exclude the use of other types of equipment or analyses that meet the requirements and have been proven to be equivalent to the described European Standard.
- Standard74 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a manual reference method for the determination of the mass concentration of specific elements in stationary source emissions. The method is applicable to each of the specific elements in the concentration range of 0,005 mg/m3 to 5 mg/m3.
This document has been validated for the determination of the mass concentration of metals in incineration exhaust gases - applying the performance criteria stated in Clause 9 - for the following elements:
- arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), thallium (Tl), and vanadium (V) and their compounds.
The document can be used to determine metals other than those listed above (for example, selenium (Se) (ISO 17211), tellurium (Te), beryllium (Be), tin (Sn) and zinc (Zn)).
NOTE 1 These other metals mentioned above are commonly required by National Regulations, but this document currently has not yet been validated for these metals.
The document was validated for waste incinerators, but it is also applicable to other industrial processes, the practical experience shows that it can be applied over wide concentration ranges and various emission sources.
If mercury is intended to be determined as well, this can be sampled in a side stream arrangement of the sampling train (EN 13211) [5].
NOTE 2 This document has been validated with the described materials, equipment, sampling, and digestion performances etc., followed by analyses with atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES,) or inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This does not exclude the use of other types of equipment or analyses that meet the requirements and have been proven to be equivalent to the described European Standard.
- Standard74 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the extraction and clean-up procedures of the sampled PCDDs/PCDFs. It is integral part of the complete measurement procedure. The use of the other two parts prEN 1948-1:2005 and prEN 1948-3:2005 describing sampling or identification and quantification, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs/PCDFs.
This European Standard has been designed to measure PCDD/PCDF concentrations at about
0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 in stationary source emissions.
This European Standard specifies both method validation and a framework of quality control requirements which shall be fulfilled by any PCDD/PCDF extraction and clean-up methods to be applied. Some methods are described in detail in Annex A as examples of proven procedures.
Each of the three sampling methods (Part 1) can be combined with the extraction and clean-up (Part 2) and the identification and quantification (Part 3) to complete the measurement procedure.
During comparison measurements of the three sampling methods on municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 these methods have been deemed comparable within the expected range of uncertainty. Validation trials were performed on the flue gas of municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 and a dust loading of from 1 mg/m3 to 15 mg/m3. Although this European Standard is primarily developed and validated for gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators, the practical experience shows that it can be applied for wide concentration ranges and various emission sources.
The procedure described in the three parts of prEN 1948:2005 specifies requirements which shall be met in order to measure the 17 congeners necessary to calculate the total I-TEQ (see Table A.1 of
prEN 1948-1:2005).
Besides the determination of PCDDs/PCDFs the described measurement methods are suitable for determination of other low-volatile substances, e.g. of dioxin-like PCBs (details for sampling and analyses se
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the identification and quantification procedures of the sampled PCDDs/PCDFs. It is an integral part of the complete measurement procedure. The use of the other two parts of this standard, prEN 1948-1:2005 and prEN 1948-2:2005, describing sampling and extraction and clean-up, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs/PCDFs.
This European Standard has been designed to measure PCDD/PCDF concentrations at about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 in stationary source emissions.
This European Standard specifies both method validation and a framework of quality control requirements which shall be fulfilled by any PCDD/PCDF identification and quantification methods to be applied. Some methods are described in detail in Annex A as examples of proven procedures.
Each of the three sampling methods (Part 1) can be combined with the extraction and clean-up (Part 2) and the identification and quantification (Part 3) to complete the measurement procedure.
During comparison measurements of the three sampling methods on municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 these methods have been deemed comparable within the expected range of uncertainty. Validation trials were performed on the flue gas of municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 and a dust loading of from 1 mg/m3 to 15 mg/m3. Although this European Standard is primarily developed and validated for gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators, the practical experience shows that it can be applied for wide concentration ranges and various emission sources.
The procedure described in the three parts of prEN 1948:2005 specifies requirements in order to measure every 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted PCDD/PCDF congener required to calculate the total I-TEQ (see Table A.1 of prEN 1948-1:2005).
Besides the determination of PCDDs/PCDFs the described measurement methods are suitable for determination of other low-volatile substances, e.g. of dioxin-
- Standard48 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the sampling of PCDDs/PCDFs. It is an integral part of the complete measurement procedure. The use of the other two parts prEN 1948-2:2005 and
prEN 1948-3:2005 describing extraction and clean-up and identification and quantification, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs/PCDFs.
This European Standard has been developed to measure PCDD/PCDF concentrations at about 0,1 ng I TEQ/m3 in stationary source emissions.
This European Standard specifies both method validation and a framework of quality control requirements which shall be fulfilled by any PCDD/PCDF sampling.
The user has the possibility to choose between three different methods:
- "filter/condenser method"
- "dilution method"
- "cooled probe method"
Each sampling method is illustrated by some sampling systems described in detail in Annex B as examples of proven procedures.
During comparison measurements of the three sampling methods on municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 these methods have been deemed comparable within the expected range of uncertainty. Validation trials were performed on the flue gas of municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 and a dust loading of from 1 mg/m3 to 15 mg/m3. Although this European Standard is primarily developed and validated for gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators, the practical experience shows that it can be applied for wide concentration ranges and various emission sources.
The procedure described in the three parts of prEN 1948:2005 specifies requirements which shall be met in order to measure the 17 congeners necessary to calculate the total I-TEQ (see Table A.1).
Besides the determination of PCDDs/PCDFs the described measurement methods are suitable for determination of other low-volatile substances, e.g. of dioxin-like PCBs (details for sampling and analyses see CEN/TS 1948-4), although no validated performance characteristics are avail
- Standard64 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the identification and quantification procedures of the sampled PCDDs/PCDFs. It is an integral part of the complete measurement procedure. The use of the other two parts of this standard, prEN 1948-1:2005 and prEN 1948-2:2005, describing sampling and extraction and clean-up, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs/PCDFs.
This European Standard has been designed to measure PCDD/PCDF concentrations at about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 in stationary source emissions.
This European Standard specifies both method validation and a framework of quality control requirements which shall be fulfilled by any PCDD/PCDF identification and quantification methods to be applied. Some methods are described in detail in Annex A as examples of proven procedures.
Each of the three sampling methods (Part 1) can be combined with the extraction and clean-up (Part 2) and the identification and quantification (Part 3) to complete the measurement procedure.
During comparison measurements of the three sampling methods on municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 these methods have been deemed comparable within the expected range of uncertainty. Validation trials were performed on the flue gas of municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 and a dust loading of from 1 mg/m3 to 15 mg/m3. Although this European Standard is primarily developed and validated for gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators, the practical experience shows that it can be applied for wide concentration ranges and various emission sources.
The procedure described in the three parts of prEN 1948:2005 specifies requirements in order to measure every 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted PCDD/PCDF congener required to calculate the total I-TEQ (see Table A.1 of prEN 1948-1:2005).
Besides the determination of PCDDs/PCDFs the described measurement methods are suitable for determination of other low-volatile substances, e.g. of dioxin-
- Standard48 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the sampling of PCDDs/PCDFs. It is an integral part of the complete measurement procedure. The use of the other two parts prEN 1948-2:2005 and
prEN 1948-3:2005 describing extraction and clean-up and identification and quantification, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs/PCDFs.
This European Standard has been developed to measure PCDD/PCDF concentrations at about 0,1 ng I TEQ/m3 in stationary source emissions.
This European Standard specifies both method validation and a framework of quality control requirements which shall be fulfilled by any PCDD/PCDF sampling.
The user has the possibility to choose between three different methods:
- "filter/condenser method"
- "dilution method"
- "cooled probe method"
Each sampling method is illustrated by some sampling systems described in detail in Annex B as examples of proven procedures.
During comparison measurements of the three sampling methods on municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 these methods have been deemed comparable within the expected range of uncertainty. Validation trials were performed on the flue gas of municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 and a dust loading of from 1 mg/m3 to 15 mg/m3. Although this European Standard is primarily developed and validated for gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators, the practical experience shows that it can be applied for wide concentration ranges and various emission sources.
The procedure described in the three parts of prEN 1948:2005 specifies requirements which shall be met in order to measure the 17 congeners necessary to calculate the total I-TEQ (see Table A.1).
Besides the determination of PCDDs/PCDFs the described measurement methods are suitable for determination of other low-volatile substances, e.g. of dioxin-like PCBs (details for sampling and analyses see CEN/TS 1948-4), although no validated performance characteristics are avail
- Standard64 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the extraction and clean-up procedures of the sampled PCDDs/PCDFs. It is integral part of the complete measurement procedure. The use of the other two parts prEN 1948-1:2005 and prEN 1948-3:2005 describing sampling or identification and quantification, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs/PCDFs.
This European Standard has been designed to measure PCDD/PCDF concentrations at about
0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 in stationary source emissions.
This European Standard specifies both method validation and a framework of quality control requirements which shall be fulfilled by any PCDD/PCDF extraction and clean-up methods to be applied. Some methods are described in detail in Annex A as examples of proven procedures.
Each of the three sampling methods (Part 1) can be combined with the extraction and clean-up (Part 2) and the identification and quantification (Part 3) to complete the measurement procedure.
During comparison measurements of the three sampling methods on municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 these methods have been deemed comparable within the expected range of uncertainty. Validation trials were performed on the flue gas of municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 and a dust loading of from 1 mg/m3 to 15 mg/m3. Although this European Standard is primarily developed and validated for gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators, the practical experience shows that it can be applied for wide concentration ranges and various emission sources.
The procedure described in the three parts of prEN 1948:2005 specifies requirements which shall be met in order to measure the 17 congeners necessary to calculate the total I-TEQ (see Table A.1 of
prEN 1948-1:2005).
Besides the determination of PCDDs/PCDFs the described measurement methods are suitable for determination of other low-volatile substances, e.g. of dioxin-like PCBs (details for sampling and analyses se
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the Standard Reference Method (SRM) for sampling, and determining car-bon monoxide content in ducts and stacks emitting to atmosphere. It describes the Non Dispersive Infra-Red (NDIR) analytical technique, including the sampling system and sample gas conditioning system, to determine CO in flue gases. This European Standard is the reference method for periodic monitoring and for calibration or control of Automatic Measuring Systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory purposes or other purposes. To be used as the SRM, it is necessary to demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are lower than the performance criteria defined in this European standard and that the overall uncertainty of the method is less than ± 6 % relative at the daily Emission Limit Value (ELV).
NOTE When the NDIR method is used as an AMS, refer to EN 14181 and other relevant standards provided by CEN TC 264.
It is necessary for anybody who would like to use an Alternative Method instead of this Standard Reference Method to work out the demonstration of the equivalence according to the Technical Specification TS 14793, providing that his capability to carry out this demonstration is officially recognised by his national accreditation body or law.
This Standard Reference Method has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration installations and large combustion plants. It has been validated for CO concentrations with sampling periods of 30 min in the range of 0 mg/m3 to 400 mg/m3 for large combustion plants and 0 mg/m3 – 740 mg/m3 for waste and co-incineration. For waste incineration plants, Council Directive 2000/76/EC lays down emission values which are expressed in mg/m3, on dry basis at a specified value of O2 and at reference conditions of 273 K and 101,3 kPa.
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard describes the chemiluminescence method, including the sampling and the gas conditioning system, to determine the NO/NO2/NOX concentrations in flue gases emitted from ducts and stacks to atmosphere. This European Standard is the Standard Reference Method (SRM) for periodic monitoring and for calibration or control of Automatic Measuring Systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory or other purposes such as calibration. To be used as the SRM, the user shall demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are better than the performance criteria defined in this European Standard and that the overall uncertainty of the method is less than ± 10 percent relative at the daily Emission Limit Value (ELV).
NOTE When the chemiluminescence method is the measurement principle used for AMS, reference should be made to EN 14181 and other relevant standards provided by CEN TC 264.
An Alternative Method to this SRM may be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence according to the Technical Specification CEN TS 14793, to the satisfaction of his national accreditation body or law.
This SRM has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration and large combustion installations. It has been validated for sampling periods of 30 min in the range of 0 mgNO2/m3 to 1 300 mgNO2/m3 for large combustion plants and 0 mgNO2/m3 to 400 mgNO2/m3 for waste incineration, according to emission limit values (ELVs) laid down in the following Council Directives:
Council Directive 2001/80/EC on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants;
Council Directive 2000/76/EC on waste incineration plants.
The ELVs for NOx (NO + NO2) in EU directives are expressed in mgNO2/m3, on dry basis, at a reference value for O2 and at the reference conditions (273 K and 101,3 kPa).
- Standard51 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard describes the condensation/adsorption technique, including the sampling system, to determine the water vapour concentration in the flue gases emitting to atmosphere from ducts and stacks.
This technique is usually used all over Europe for water vapour monitoring. However to be implemented as the Standard Reference Method (SRM), the user has to demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are better than the performance criteria defined in this European Standard and that the overall uncertainty of the method is less than ± 20 percent of the measured value. This European Standard as the Standard Reference Method (SRM) is used for periodic monitoring and for calibration or control of Automatic Measuring Systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory purposes or other purposes.
An Alternative Method to this SRM may be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence according to the Technical Specification CEN/TS 14793, to the satisfaction of his national accreditation body or law.
The determination of water vapour is mainly necessary for:
regulatory purposes, to express the concentration at standard conditions (on dry gas);
adjust the flow rate for isokinetic sampling, when a dry gas flow rate metering device is used.
For both applications, the quantity to be measured is the amount of water present in the gas phase (vapour), which does not include water droplets.
This European Standard is applicable in the range from 4 percent to 40 percent relative humidity and for water vapour concentration from 29 g/m3 to 250 g/m3 as a wet gas, although for a given temperature the upper limit of the method is related to the maximum pressure of water in air or in the gas.
(continued)
- Standard42 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard describes the paramagnetic method, including the sampling and the gas conditioning system, to determine the oxygen concentrations in flue gases emitted to the atmosphere from ducts and stacks.
This European Standard is the Standard Reference Method (SRM) for periodic monitoring and for the calibration or control of Automatic Measuring Systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory purposes or other purposes. To be used as the SRM, the user shall demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are better than the performance criteria defined in this European Standard and that the overall uncertainty of the method is less than ± 6,0 percent of the measured concentration.
NOTE When paramagnetism is the measurement principle used for AMS, reference should be made to EN 14181 and other relevant standards provided by CEN/TC 264.
An alternative method to this SRM may be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence according to the Technical Specification CEN/TS 14793, to the satisfaction of his national accreditation body or law.
This Standard Reference Method has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration and large combustion installations. It has been validated for sampling periods of 30 min in the range: 5 percent to 26 percent. Oxygen concentration values, expressed in percent volume, are used in order to allow emission measurements of pollutants to be standardised to the reference O2 concentration and dry gas conditions required by the following Council Directives:
Council Directive 2001/80/EC on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants;
Council Directive 2000/76/EC on waste incineration plants.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard describes a manual method for sampling and determining SO2 content in ducts and stacks emitting to the atmosphere by two analytical methods: Ion chromatography and Thorin method.
This European Standard is the Standard Reference Method (SRM) for periodic monitoring and for calibration or control of Automatic Measuring Systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory purposes or other purposes. To be used as the SRM, the user shall demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are better than the performance criteria defined in this European Standard and that the overall uncertainty of the method is less than ± 20,0 % relative at the daily Emission Limit Value (ELV).
An Alternative Method to this SRM may be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence according to the Technical Specification CEN TS 14793, to the satisfaction of his national accreditation body or law.
This Standard Reference Method has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration and large combustion installations. It has been validated for sampling periods of 30 min in the range of (0,5 2 000) mg/m3 SO2 for Ion Chromatography variant and 5 mg/m3 - 2 000 mg/m3 SO2 for Thorin method according to emission limit values laid down in the following Council Directives:
¾ Council Directive 2001/80/EC on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants;
¾ Council Directive 2000/76/EC on waste incineration plants.
The limit values of EU Directives are expressed in mg SO2/m3, on dry basis and at the reference conditions of 273 K and 101,3 kPa.
- Standard61 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies procedures for establishing quality assurance levels (QALs) for automated measuring systems (AMS) installed on industrial plants for the determination of the flue gas components and other flue gas parameters.
This European Standard specifies procedures for establishing quality assurance levels (QALs) for automated measuring systems (AMS) installed on industrial plants for the determination of the flue gas components and other flue gas parameters.
This standard specifies:
- a procedure (QAL 2) to calibrate the AMS and determine the variability of the measured values obtained by an automated measurement system which is suitable for the validation of an AMS following its installation;
- a procedure (QAL 3) to maintain and demonstrate the required quality of the measurement results during the normal operation of an AMS, by checking that the zero and span characteristics are consistent with those determined during QAL 1;
- a procedure for the annual surveillance tests (AST) of the AMS in order to evaluate (i) that it functions correctly and its performance remains valid and (ii) that its calibration function and variability remain as previously determined.
This standard is designed to be used after the AMS has been accepted according to the procedures specified in EN ISO 14956 (QAL 1).
This standard is restricted to quality assurance (QA) of the AMS, and does not include QA of the data collection and recording system of the plant.
- Standard59 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a manual reference method for the determination of the mass concentration of specific elements in exhaust gases from hazardous waste incinerators. The method is applicable to each of the specific elements in the concentration range of 0,005 mg/m3 to 0,5 mg/m3. Unless otherwise stated, gas volumes are expressed at dry conditions, normalised to 273 K and oxygen content 101,3 kPa, and normalized to a dry oxygen content of 11 % on the volume/volume basis.
Specific elements according to this European standard are antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), thallium (Tl), and vanadium (V).
This European standard is validated for the determination of the mass concentration of specific ele-ments in incineration exhaust gases with the composition given in Table 1.
This European standard is also applicable for exhaust gases from other sources with a similar flue gas composition.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a manual reference method for the determination of the mass concentration of specific elements in exhaust gases from hazardous waste incinerators. The method is applicable to each of the specific elements in the concentration range of 0,005 mg/m3 to 0,5 mg/m3. Unless otherwise stated, gas volumes are expressed at dry conditions, normalised to 273 K and oxygen content 101,3 kPa, and normalized to a dry oxygen content of 11 % on the volume/volume basis.
Specific elements according to this European standard are antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), thallium (Tl), and vanadium (V).
This European standard is validated for the determination of the mass concentration of specific ele-ments in incineration exhaust gases with the composition given in Table 1.
This European standard is also applicable for exhaust gases from other sources with a similar flue gas composition.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard describes the condensation/adsorption technique, including the sampling system, to determine the water vapour concentration in the flue gases emitting to atmosphere from ducts and stacks.
This technique is usually used all over Europe for water vapour monitoring. However to be implemented as the Standard Reference Method (SRM), the user has to demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are better than the performance criteria defined in this European Standard and that the overall uncertainty of the method is less than ± 20 percent of the measured value. This European Standard as the Standard Reference Method (SRM) is used for periodic monitoring and for calibration or control of Automatic Measuring Systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory purposes or other purposes.
An Alternative Method to this SRM may be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence according to the Technical Specification CEN/TS 14793, to the satisfaction of his national accreditation body or law.
The determination of water vapour is mainly necessary for:
regulatory purposes, to express the concentration at standard conditions (on dry gas);
adjust the flow rate for isokinetic sampling, when a dry gas flow rate metering device is used.
For both applications, the quantity to be measured is the amount of water present in the gas phase (vapour), which does not include water droplets.
This European Standard is applicable in the range from 4 percent to 40 percent relative humidity and for water vapour concentration from 29 g/m3 to 250 g/m3 as a wet gas, although for a given temperature the upper limit of the method is related to the maximum pressure of water in air or in the gas.
(continued)
- Standard42 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard describes a manual method for sampling and determining SO2 content in ducts and stacks emitting to the atmosphere by two analytical methods: Ion chromatography and Thorin method.
This European Standard is the Standard Reference Method (SRM) for periodic monitoring and for calibration or control of Automatic Measuring Systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory purposes or other purposes. To be used as the SRM, the user shall demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are better than the performance criteria defined in this European Standard and that the overall uncertainty of the method is less than ± 20,0 % relative at the daily Emission Limit Value (ELV).
An Alternative Method to this SRM may be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence according to the Technical Specification CEN TS 14793, to the satisfaction of his national accreditation body or law.
This Standard Reference Method has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration and large combustion installations. It has been validated for sampling periods of 30 min in the range of (0,5 2 000) mg/m3 SO2 for Ion Chromatography variant and 5 mg/m3 - 2 000 mg/m3 SO2 for Thorin method according to emission limit values laid down in the following Council Directives:
¾ Council Directive 2001/80/EC on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants;
¾ Council Directive 2000/76/EC on waste incineration plants.
The limit values of EU Directives are expressed in mg SO2/m3, on dry basis and at the reference conditions of 273 K and 101,3 kPa.
- Standard61 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the Standard Reference Method (SRM) for sampling, and determining car-bon monoxide content in ducts and stacks emitting to atmosphere. It describes the Non Dispersive Infra-Red (NDIR) analytical technique, including the sampling system and sample gas conditioning system, to determine CO in flue gases. This European Standard is the reference method for periodic monitoring and for calibration or control of Automatic Measuring Systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory purposes or other purposes. To be used as the SRM, it is necessary to demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are lower than the performance criteria defined in this European standard and that the overall uncertainty of the method is less than ± 6 % relative at the daily Emission Limit Value (ELV).
NOTE When the NDIR method is used as an AMS, refer to EN 14181 and other relevant standards provided by CEN TC 264.
It is necessary for anybody who would like to use an Alternative Method instead of this Standard Reference Method to work out the demonstration of the equivalence according to the Technical Specification TS 14793, providing that his capability to carry out this demonstration is officially recognised by his national accreditation body or law.
This Standard Reference Method has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration installations and large combustion plants. It has been validated for CO concentrations with sampling periods of 30 min in the range of 0 mg/m3 to 400 mg/m3 for large combustion plants and 0 mg/m3 – 740 mg/m3 for waste and co-incineration. For waste incineration plants, Council Directive 2000/76/EC lays down emission values which are expressed in mg/m3, on dry basis at a specified value of O2 and at reference conditions of 273 K and 101,3 kPa.
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard describes the chemiluminescence method, including the sampling and the gas conditioning system, to determine the NO/NO2/NOX concentrations in flue gases emitted from ducts and stacks to atmosphere. This European Standard is the Standard Reference Method (SRM) for periodic monitoring and for calibration or control of Automatic Measuring Systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory or other purposes such as calibration. To be used as the SRM, the user shall demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are better than the performance criteria defined in this European Standard and that the overall uncertainty of the method is less than ± 10 percent relative at the daily Emission Limit Value (ELV).
NOTE When the chemiluminescence method is the measurement principle used for AMS, reference should be made to EN 14181 and other relevant standards provided by CEN TC 264.
An Alternative Method to this SRM may be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence according to the Technical Specification CEN TS 14793, to the satisfaction of his national accreditation body or law.
This SRM has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration and large combustion installations. It has been validated for sampling periods of 30 min in the range of 0 mgNO2/m3 to 1 300 mgNO2/m3 for large combustion plants and 0 mgNO2/m3 to 400 mgNO2/m3 for waste incineration, according to emission limit values (ELVs) laid down in the following Council Directives:
Council Directive 2001/80/EC on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants;
Council Directive 2000/76/EC on waste incineration plants.
The ELVs for NOx (NO + NO2) in EU directives are expressed in mgNO2/m3, on dry basis, at a reference value for O2 and at the reference conditions (273 K and 101,3 kPa).
- Standard51 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard describes the paramagnetic method, including the sampling and the gas conditioning system, to determine the oxygen concentrations in flue gases emitted to the atmosphere from ducts and stacks.
This European Standard is the Standard Reference Method (SRM) for periodic monitoring and for the calibration or control of Automatic Measuring Systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory purposes or other purposes. To be used as the SRM, the user shall demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are better than the performance criteria defined in this European Standard and that the overall uncertainty of the method is less than ± 6,0 percent of the measured concentration.
NOTE When paramagnetism is the measurement principle used for AMS, reference should be made to EN 14181 and other relevant standards provided by CEN/TC 264.
An alternative method to this SRM may be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence according to the Technical Specification CEN/TS 14793, to the satisfaction of his national accreditation body or law.
This Standard Reference Method has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration and large combustion installations. It has been validated for sampling periods of 30 min in the range: 5 percent to 26 percent. Oxygen concentration values, expressed in percent volume, are used in order to allow emission measurements of pollutants to be standardised to the reference O2 concentration and dry gas conditions required by the following Council Directives:
Council Directive 2001/80/EC on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants;
Council Directive 2000/76/EC on waste incineration plants.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies procedures for establishing quality assurance levels (QALs) for automated measuring systems (AMS) installed on industrial plants for the determination of the flue gas components and other flue gas parameters.
This European Standard specifies procedures for establishing quality assurance levels (QALs) for automated measuring systems (AMS) installed on industrial plants for the determination of the flue gas components and other flue gas parameters.
This standard specifies:
- a procedure (QAL 2) to calibrate the AMS and determine the variability of the measured values obtained by an automated measurement system which is suitable for the validation of an AMS following its installation;
- a procedure (QAL 3) to maintain and demonstrate the required quality of the measurement results during the normal operation of an AMS, by checking that the zero and span characteristics are consistent with those determined during QAL 1;
- a procedure for the annual surveillance tests (AST) of the AMS in order to evaluate (i) that it functions correctly and its performance remains valid and (ii) that its calibration function and variability remain as previously determined.
This standard is designed to be used after the AMS has been accepted according to the procedures specified in EN ISO 14956 (QAL 1).
This standard is restricted to quality assurance (QA) of the AMS, and does not include QA of the data collection and recording system of the plant.
- Standard59 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European standard specifies methods for analysis of chlorides resulting from hydrogen chloride absorption, according to prEN 1911-2, in waste gases having been sampled and filtered according to prEN 1911-1. All compounds which are volatile at the filtration temperature and produce chloride ions upon dissolution during sampling are measured by this method, which gives therefore the volatile inorganic chlorides content of gases expressed as HCl.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies a method for sampling and filtration of gases, in view of their HCl concentration determination. Subsequent HCl absorption and analysis are described in prEN 1911-2 and prEN 1911-3 respectively. The method applies to ducted gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators, and more generally to waste gases in which HCl concentration may vary between 1 mg. m-3 and 5000 mg.m-3 under normal pressure and temperature conditions. The method is validated for gaseous streams of dust concentration below 100 mg.m-3, and is not suitable for measurement of molecular chlorine Cl2 content.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European standard specifies a method for the absorption of hydrogen chloride, in waste gases having been sampled and filtered according to prEN 1911-1. The resulting absorption solutions is subsequently analyzed according to prEN 1991-3. The method described applies to ducted gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators and more generally to waste gases in which HCl concentration may vary between 1 mg.m-3 and 5000 mg.m-3 under normal pressure and temperature conditions. Note: For the purposes of this standard, normal pressure and temperature conditions are 101,325 kPa and O°C (273,15 K).
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European standard specifies methods for analysis of chlorides resulting from hydrogen chloride absorption, according to prEN 1911-2, in waste gases having been sampled and filtered according to prEN 1911-1. All compounds which are volatile at the filtration temperature and produce chloride ions upon dissolution during sampling are measured by this method, which gives therefore the volatile inorganic chlorides content of gases expressed as HCl.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European standard specifies a method for the absorption of hydrogen chloride, in waste gases having been sampled and filtered according to prEN 1911-1. The resulting absorption solutions is subsequently analyzed according to prEN 1991-3. The method described applies to ducted gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators and more generally to waste gases in which HCl concentration may vary between 1 mg.m-3 and 5000 mg.m-3 under normal pressure and temperature conditions. Note: For the purposes of this standard, normal pressure and temperature conditions are 101,325 kPa and O°C (273,15 K).
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies a method for sampling and filtration of gases, in view of their HCl concentration determination. Subsequent HCl absorption and analysis are described in prEN 1911-2 and prEN 1911-3 respectively. The method applies to ducted gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators, and more generally to waste gases in which HCl concentration may vary between 1 mg. m-3 and 5000 mg.m-3 under normal pressure and temperature conditions. The method is validated for gaseous streams of dust concentration below 100 mg.m-3, and is not suitable for measurement of molecular chlorine Cl2 content.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of the Standard specifies the sampling of PCDDs/PCDFs. It is an integral part of the complete measurement procedure. The use of the other two parts EN 1948-2:1996 and EN 1948-3:1996 describing extraction and clean-up and identification and quantification, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs and PCDFs.
- Standard44 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Thie present part of this Standard specifies the extraction and clean-up proce- dures of the sampled PCDDs/PCDFs. It is integral part of the complet measurementprocedure. The use of the other two parts EN 1948-1:1996 and EN 1948-3:1996 describing sampling or identification and quantification, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs/PCDFs. This standard has been designed to measure PCDD/PCDF concentrations at about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m cube in stationary source emissions.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
The present Part of the Standard specifies the identification and quantificationprocedures of the sampled PCDDs/PCDFs. It is an integral part of the complete measurement procedure. The use of the other two parts of this Standard, EN 1948-1:1996 and EN 1948-2:1996, describing sampling and extraction and clean-up, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs/PCDFs. This Stan- dard has been designed to measure PCDD/PCDF concentrations at about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m cube in stationary source emissions.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of the Standard specifies the sampling of PCDDs/PCDFs. It is an integral part of the complete measurement procedure. The use of the other two parts EN 1948-2:1996 and EN 1948-3:1996 describing extraction and clean-up and identification and quantification, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs and PCDFs.
- Standard44 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
The present Part of the Standard specifies the identification and quantificationprocedures of the sampled PCDDs/PCDFs. It is an integral part of the complete measurement procedure. The use of the other two parts of this Standard, EN 1948-1:1996 and EN 1948-2:1996, describing sampling and extraction and clean-up, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs/PCDFs. This Stan- dard has been designed to measure PCDD/PCDF concentrations at about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m cube in stationary source emissions.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Thie present part of this Standard specifies the extraction and clean-up proce- dures of the sampled PCDDs/PCDFs. It is integral part of the complet measurementprocedure. The use of the other two parts EN 1948-1:1996 and EN 1948-3:1996 describing sampling or identification and quantification, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs/PCDFs. This standard has been designed to measure PCDD/PCDF concentrations at about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m cube in stationary source emissions.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Frequently Asked Questions
An EU Directive is a legislative act of the European Union that sets out goals that all EU member states must achieve. However, it is up to each member state to devise their own laws on how to reach these goals through national transposition. Directives are used to harmonize laws across the EU, particularly for the functioning of the single market.
Directive 89/429/EEC covers "Reduction of air pollution from existing municipal waste incineration plants". There are 34 standards associated with this directive.
Harmonized standards under 89/429/EEC are European standards (ENs) developed by CEN, CENELEC, or ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission. When these standards are cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with them benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of 89/429/EEC, facilitating CE marking and free movement within the European Economic Area.