ISO - International Organization for Standardization

This document defines the general considerations applicable to any type of remote monitoring and control system (RMCS) used in irrigation. The document also includes some specific clauses on RMCS that fully or partially incorporate controllers developed for irrigation. These controllers are specific hardware developments designed for specific irrigation monitoring and/or control requirements. An indication is given at the beginning of each section that clearly defines when it is specifically intended for controllers developed for irrigation.

This document gives guidelines for establishing severity assessment criteria for anomalies identified by airborne (AB) and structure-borne (SB) ultrasound, specifies methods and requirements for carrying out ultrasonic inspection, testing, measurement and monitoring of machines, including safety recommendations and sources of error, and provides information relative to data interpretation, assessment criteria and reporting.

This document specifies requirements for the optical and geometrical properties of semi-finished blanks.

This document defines standardized and repeatable test procedures for the evaluation of blowby oil aerosol separators and filtering devices and specifies laboratory gravimetric separation efficiency and system pressure tests in both open and closed crankcase ventilation systems. This document has a limitation of 0 % to 99 % for aerosol gravimetric efficiency. NOTE Gravimetric efficiencies > 99 % can be difficult to measure due to long test durations and absolute filter weight measurements. Filter life is not evaluated in this document. This test method only applies to devices that have a defined tubular inlet, outlet and drain that can be connected to the test equipment. For devices that lack such connections, for example, one that is built into a valve cover, see Annex A.

This document specifies requirements and guidelines for: the design parameters to be provided to the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) unit manufacturer by the rolling stock manufacturer (“Customer”) and the railway operator, the test and inspection items, requirements and methods used by the HVAC unit manufacturer to verify that the HVAC unit conforms with the design parameters. This document is applicable to HVAC units for the passenger area and driver’s cabs in urban (metro, tramway), suburban, regional and main line vehicles.

This document specifies requirements for implantation test methods for preclinical assessment of the local effects after implantation of medical devices or materials intended for use in medical devices. This document is applicable to the evaluation of local tissue responses from medical devices that are intended to be used where skin or mucosal tissue is breached, when required. This document is applicable to medical device or materials that require implantation evaluation and can be solid or non-solid (such as porous materials, liquids, gels, pastes, powders, and particulates), absorbable, degradable, non- absorbable, or can be tissue-engineered medical products (TEMPs). These implantation tests are not intended to evaluate or determine the performance of the test sample in terms of mechanical loading or functional performance. This document also does not provide guidance on methods and study design to satisfy requirements for systemic toxicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity or mutagenicity. However, the study designs can be modified to also assess other biological effects.

This document specifies the requirements for an environmental management system that an organization can use to enhance its environmental performance. It is intended for use by an organization seeking to manage its environmental responsibilities in a systematic manner that contributes to the environmental pillar of sustainability. This document helps an organization to achieve the intended outcomes of its environmental management system, which provide value for the environment, the organization itself and interested parties. The intended outcomes of an environmental management system include: enhancing environmental performance; meeting compliance obligations; achieving environmental objectives. This document is applicable to any organization, regardless of size, type or nature, and applies to the environmental aspects of its activities, products and services that the organization determines it can either control or influence considering a life cycle perspective. This document does not state specific environmental performance criteria. This document can be used in whole or in part to systematically improve environmental management. Claims of conformity to this document, however, are not acceptable unless all its requirements are incorporated into an organization’s environmental management system and fulfilled without exclusion.

This document specifies a practical procedure to create and verify distance-speed diagrams and speed curves using the parameters specified in ISO 24675-1, from which the shortest running time for railway timetabling is obtained by numerically integrating the speed curves. This document excludes running time calculation used for purposes other than timetabling.

This document specifies a tolerance system for ISO general purpose metric screw threads (M) conforming to ISO 261 having basic and design profiles in accordance with ISO 68-1.

This document specifies the transport and container formats for JPEG XL codestreams as specified in ISO/IEC 18181-1. This document specifies how to add metadata and extensions to JPEG XL codestreams. A file as described by this document is called a JPEG XL file.

This document complements the ISO 20022 Metamodel, as specified in ISO 20022-1, with generic requirements and guidelines to define specific syntax generation rules for other encodings in order to produce schemas based on each specific syntax generation rules in compliance with this document. Such specific syntaxes include XML, ASN.1 and JSON. (XML and ASN.1 do not imply ISO 20022-4 XML schema generation and ISO 20022-8 ASN.1 generation only. W3C XML Schema, ASN.1 and JSON can be used to express or define a variety of schema types.) Under this metamodel-driven and syntax-agnostic approach of ISO 20022 series, interoperability is ensured at the conceptual level of the metamodel specified in ISO 20022-1, rather than at the physical level of syntaxes specified in ISO 20022-4 and ISO 20022-8. In this document, "schema" refers to the "SyntaxMessageScheme" defined in ISO 20022-1. However, for ease of reading, this document will hereafter refer to it as "schema" which is a general term for design documents that define data structures. The metaclass “MessageDefinition” that is described in ISO 20022-1:2026, Figure 13 is the target of the transformation specified in this document, but the metaclass “MessageChoreography” is not. In other words, this document is only the rules for the syntax of the data representation language. For example, Application Programming Interface (API) specific aspects are outside the scope of this document. Regarding the concept of conformance to this document, see Annex B.

This document specifies the responsibilities of the Registration Authority (RA) and the Submitting Organizations. NOTE Details concerning the involvement of Technical Committee ISO/TC 68, Financial services, Subcommittee SC 9, Information exchange for financial services, in the registration request process can be found on the ISO 20022 website (see www.iso20022.org).

This document complements the ISO 20022 Metamodel, as specified in ISO 20022-1, with the XML syntax transformation rules to be applied by the ISO 20022 Registration Authority in order to translate an ISO 20022 compliant MessageDefinition into an XML Schema for the description and validation of XML Messages. It specifies the transformation rules from the Logical to the Physical level. It is a deterministic transformation, meaning that the resulting XML Schema is completely predictable for a given MessageDefinition. There is neither manual input to the transformation itself nor manual adjustment to the result of the transformation.

This document describes the modelling workflow, complementing ISO 20022-1 and ISO 20022-2. The modelling workflow describes the required steps a modeller follows in order to develop and maintain standardized BusinessTransactions and InterfaceDefinitions/MessageSets. This document does not describe the permissible artefacts and/or documents to be submitted to the Registration Authority (this information is contained in ISO 20022-7). Examples are provided only to illustrate the modelling methodology and are not normative.

There are numerous pathways to produce hydrogen. This document specifies a methodology for different hydrogen production pathways for determining the greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions associated with the hydrogen supply chain from the raw material extraction up to the production gate. This document considers the GHG emissions associated with hydrogen production up to the production gate. This document applies to and includes every step within the production process up to the production gate (see Figure 2 in the Introduction). NOTE Complementary documents in the ISO 19870 series will consider hydrogen conditioning, conversion and transport methods. ISO 14044 requires the goal and scope of a life cycle assessment (LCA) be clearly defined and be consistent with the intended application. Due to the iterative nature of LCAs, it is possible that the LCA scope needs to be refined during the study. According to ISO 14040:2006, A.2, the goals and scope of LCAs correspond to one of the following two approaches: an approach that assigns elementary flows and potential environmental impacts to a specific product system, typically as an account of the history of the product (see 4.1.2); an approach that studies the environmental consequences of possible (future) changes between alternative product systems (see 4.1.3). In this document, approach a) is referred to as an attributional approach, while approach b) is referred to as a consequential approach. Complementary information is accessible in the ILCD handbook[4]. A carbon footprint of a product (CFP) (3.1.2) or partial CFP (3.1.3) as defined by ISO 14067 can be estimated using either the attributional or the consequential approach, the latter corresponding to the use of “system expansion via substitution” to avoid allocation when a unit process yields multiple co-products. This document applies to the CFP for hydrogen production.

This document specifies: the overall description of the modelling approach; the overall description of the ISO 20022 Repository (hereby referred to as Repository) contents; a high-level description of the input to be accepted by the Registration Authority to feed/modify the Repository’s DataDictionary and BusinessProcessCatalogue; a high-level description of the Repository output to be made publicly available by the Registration Authority. BusinessTransactions and MessageSets Conforming with ISO 20022 series can be used for electronic data interchange amongst any industry participants (financial and others), independently of any specific communication network. Network-dependent rules, such as message acknowledgement and message protection, are beyond the scope of the ISO 20022 series.

This document defines a scalable, methodical process to ensure business concept model interoperability and logical model alignment and reverse engineering. This document provides guidance on conceptual interoperability and reverse engineering to explain how to extract relevant information from existing IndustryMessageSet, proprietary MessageSet or business model in order to prepare the submission to the ISO 20022 Registration Authority of equivalent, ISO 20022 conformant BusinessTransactions, BusinessComponents (including BusinessElements and Constraints) and MessageSets. This document describes the activities of ISO 20022 conceptual interoperability and reverse engineering from the point of view of the user who wants to verify that the business functionality, covered by their own IndustryMessageSet, proprietary MessageSets or business model, is covered by ISO 20022 conformant BusinessTransactions, BusinessComponents (including BusinessElements and Constraints) and MessageSets.

This document specifies requirements and provides guidance for the construction of monitoring stations of karst critical zones, the monitoring of processes (specific processes), the monitoring data collection and processing, and sharing and service of monitoring information. This document applies to karst critical zones of different types—differing in lithology, altitude, and climatic zones, and proper monitoring adjustment is allowed for different types.

This document specifies a framework introducing the approaches that can be applied to assess the risks linked to dermal exposure to chemical substances in the workplace. This document provides guidance on the different steps to be taken when performing qualitative and quantitative dermal exposure assessments. This document is not applicable to inhalation, oral, ocular and mucous membranes exposure, biological agents, wet work and mechanical stressors.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the ash content in milk, milk powder, whey powder, whey protein concentrate, infant formula, milk permeate powder and milk protein concentrate. NOTE For the determination of ash (“fixed ash”) of caseins and caseinates, see ISO 5544 | IDF 89.

This document describes the transformation rules to generate ASN.1 abstract syntax from an ISO 20022 compliant MessageDefinition. The generated abstract syntax is for the description and validation of Messages. The transformation rules are a transformation from Level 3 to Level 4. It is a deterministic transformation, meaning that the resulting ASN.1 is completely predictable for a given MessageDefinition. There is neither manual input to the transformation itself nor manual adjustment to the result of the transformation. This document is the ASN.1 equivalent of ISO 20022-4. In ISO 20022-4 the abstract syntax generated is XML Schema; in this document it is ASN.1. In ISO 20022-4 the only encoding supported is UTF-8 XML; in this document there are multiple encodings supported for ASN.1. These include all the standard encodings, but in addition the ability to register custom encodings in Encoding Control Notation (ECN).

The document gives guidance to organizations on the incorporation of sustainability aspects for IT asset management (ITAM). This document is applicable to any organization, regardless of size, type and nature, and applies to the sustainability aspects that an organization has implemented or will implement in its IT asset management system (ITAMS) in accordance with the scope definition of ISO/IEC 19770-1. This document also addresses what is material from the perspective of the organization and of its stakeholders.

This document specifies the performance test procedures for acidizing fluids used as completion fluids and materials in oil and gas well operations. NOTE The acidizing fluids mentioned in this document refer to hydrochloric acid, mud acid, polymer-based acid acidizing fluids, emulsified acid acidizing fluids, etc., used in acidizing operations of oil and gas wells, including fundamental acid solution and acidizing fluid system with additives, such as corrosion inhibitor and ferric ion (Fe3+) stabling agent.

This document specifies performance and safety requirements for constant wear suits and suit systems for professional and leisure activities to protect the user against the effects of cold-water immersion, by reducing cold shock and delaying the onset of hypothermia. If a suit system includes a personal flotation device (PFD), it provides protection against drowning. This document is applicable to dry and wet constant wear suits and suit systems. This document does not apply to abandonment suits. Requirements for abandonment suits are given in ISO 15027-2:2026. Test methods for immersion suits are given in ISO 15027-3:2026.

This part of IEC 61400 specifies a method to calculate the design reliability of wind turbines gearboxes covered by IEC 61400‑4, based upon failure modes where standardized calculation methods are publicly available. Currently, not all failure mechanisms that occur in the field have accepted theoretical models. Therefore, the method only provides a quantitative assessment method of the failure mechanisms that can be described with accepted mathematical models for the complete gearbox, stages (functional units), field replaceable units, and individual components. For the calculable failure mechanisms, it is possible to compare the reliability between different gearbox designs within the limitations of the theoretical models. The use of field-based statistical parameters can improve the accuracy of the calculated reliability. The calculated design reliability can provide information for the lifecycle management strategy. However, this document does not provide trade-off decisions between higher design reliability and maintenance strategies (e.g. preventive or predictive maintenance). This document does not consider repairable system analysis. Due to the lack of accepted theoretical models for some failure modes, the model can currently not predict the apparent failure probability in the field. Neither this document nor IEC 61400-4 specify a minimum value of design reliability.

This document applies to the basic safety and essential performance of respiratory high-flow therapy equipment, as defined in ‎201.3.262, hereafter also referred to as ME equipment or ME system, in combination with its accessories: intended for use with patients who can breathe spontaneously; and intended for patients who would benefit from improved alveolar gas exchange; and who would benefit from receiving high-flow humidified respiratory gases, which can include a patient whose upper airway is bypassed. EXAMPLE 1 Patients with Type 1 Respiratory Failure who exhibit a reduction in arterial blood oxygenation. EXAMPLE 2 Patients who would benefit from reduced work of breathing, as needed in Type 2 Respiratory Failure, where arterial carbon dioxide is high. EXAMPLE 3 Patients requiring humidification to improve mucociliary clearance. Respiratory high-flow therapy equipment is utilized in both professional healthcare facilities and the home healthcare environment. This standard specifically addresses respiratory high-flow therapy equipment for acute or infant care, predominantly found in hospitals. A separate document for long term high-flow therapy in the home healthcare environment is expected to be forthcoming. Respiratory high-flow therapy equipment can be: fully integrated ME equipment; or a combination of separate items forming a ME system. This document also applies to other types of respiratory equipment when that equipment includes a respiratory high-flow therapy mode. NOTE 2 This document and ISO 80601-2-12 are applicable to a critical care ventilator with a high-flow therapy mode. NOTE 3 This document and ISO 80601-2-72 are applicable to ventilator for ventilator-dependent patients in the home healthcare environment with a high-flow therapy mode. NOTE 4 This document and ISO 80601-2-13 are applicable to an anaesthetic workstation with a high-flow therapy mode. Respiratory high-flow therapy equipment can be transit-operable. This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to the respiratory high-flow therapy equipment, where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the respiratory high-flow therapy equipment. EXAMPLE 4 Breathing sets, connectors, humidifier, breathing system filter, external electrical power source, distributed alarm system, high-flow nasal cannula, tracheal tube, tracheostomy tube, face mask and supra-laryngeal airway. NOTE 5 Accessories are assessed with the relevant clauses of this document when configured as part of respiratory high-flow therapy equipment. If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME equipment only, or to ME systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to ME equipment and to ME systems, as relevant. Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of ME equipment or ME systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in the general standard, 7.2.13 and 8.4.1. NOTE 6 Additional information can be found in the general standard, 4.2. This document does not specify the requirements for: ventilators or accessories for ventilator-dependent patients intended for critical care applications, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑12; ventilators or accessories intended for anaesthetic applications, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑13; ventilators or accessories intended for the emergency medical services environment, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑84; ventilators or accessories intended for ventilator-dependent patients in the home healthcare environment, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑72; ventilatory support equipment or accessories intended for patients with ventilatory impairment, which are given in ISO 80601‑2‑79; ventilatory support equipment or accessories intende

This document defines the term nonwovens and provides auxiliary terminology to distinguish nonwovens from other materials.

This document specifies the test methods for constant wear suits and abandonment suits. Requirements for constant wear suits are given in ISO 15027-1:2026. Requirements for abandonment suits are given in ISO 15027-2:2026.

This document applies to the basic safety and essential performance of pulse oximeter equipment intended for use on humans, hereafter referred to as ME equipment. This includes any part necessary for normal use, including the pulse oximeter monitor, pulse oximeter probe, and probe cable extender. These requirements apply to pulse oximeter equipment, including pulse oximeter monitors, pulse oximeter probes and probe cable extenders regardless of their origin (i.e. including remanufactured products). The intended use of pulse oximeter equipment includes, but is not limited to, the estimation of arterial oxygen haemoglobin saturation and pulse rate of patients in professional healthcare institutions as well as patients in the home healthcare environment and the emergency medical services environment. If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME equipment only, or to ME systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause says so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to ME equipment and to ME systems, as relevant. Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of ME equipment or ME systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in 201.11.1.2.2, IEC 60601-1:2005+AMD1:2012+AMD2:2020, 7.2.13 and 8.4.1. NOTE 2 See also IEC 60601-1:2005+AMD1:2012+AMD2:2020, 4.2. This document can also be applied to ME equipment and their accessories used for compensation or alleviation of disease, injury, or disability. This document is not applicable to pulse oximeter equipment intended for use in laboratory research applications nor to oximeters that require a blood sample from the patient. This document is not applicable to pulse oximeter equipment intended solely for foetal use. This document is not applicable to remote or slave (secondary) equipment that displays SpO2 values that are located outside of the patient environment. NOTE 3 ME equipment that provides selection between diagnostic and monitoring functions is expected to meet the appropriate requirements of this document when configured for that function. This document is applicable to pulse oximeter equipment intended for use under extreme or uncontrolled environmental conditions outside the hospital environment or physician’s office, such as in ambulances and air transport. Additional standards can apply to pulse oximeter equipment for those environments of use. This document is a particular standard in the IEC 60601-1 and ISO and IEC 80601 series of standards.

This document specifies data objects and encoding rules of generic eID-Systems in terms of building blocks for mobile document system infrastructures, and standardizes generic data models for data exchanges between mdoc apps and verification applications. This document is applicable to entities involved in specifying, architecting, designing, testing, maintaining, administering, and operating a mobile eID-System in parts or as a whole.

This document, which is a Technical Report, provides non-binding information regarding the lubricant, lubrication system layout, and performance for wind turbine gearboxes. This document covers oil lubricated gearboxes. Additionally, guidance for selected lubricant parameters as well as for monitoring and maintaining lubricant characteristics is offered.

This document is applicable to a transit-operable and non-transit-operable oxygen concentrator. This document is applicable to an oxygen concentrator integrated into or used with other medical devices, ME equipment or ME systems. EXAMPLE 1 An oxygen concentrator with integrated oxygen conserving equipment function or humidifier function. EXAMPLE 2 An oxygen concentrator used with a flowmeter stand. EXAMPLE 3 An oxygen concentrator as part of an anaesthetic system for use in areas with limited logistical supplies of electricity and anaesthetic gases[2]. EXAMPLE 4 An oxygen concentrator with an integrated liquid reservoir function or gas cylinder filling system function. This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to an oxygen concentrator, where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the oxygen concentrator. NOTE 2 Such accessories can include, but are not limited to, masks, cannulae, extension tubing, humidifiers, carts, carrying cases, external power sources and oxygen conserving equipment. This document does not specify requirements for oxygen concentrators for use with a medical gas pipeline system. If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME equipment only, or to ME systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to ME equipment and to ME systems, as relevant. Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of ME equipment or ME systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in 7.2.13 and 8.4.1 of the general standard. NOTE 3 See also 4.2 of the general standard.

This document specifies building blocks for the implementation of the operational phase of mobile eID systems and any other mdoc for national bodies or document-specific standards to create profiles according to their needs. This document specifies the interface between the mdoc app and mdoc reader and the interface between the mdoc reader and the issuing authority infrastructure. More specifically, this document defines transport protocols for various RF solutions and for over the internet. It defines the application layers, such as the request-response protocols between an mdoc app and mdoc reader and between an mdoc reader and issuing authority. It further defines the security mechanism for issuer authentication, mdoc authentication and credential holder verification. This document also specifies mechanisms enabling parties other than the issuing authority to: use a machine to obtain the mdoc data; bind the mdoc to the mdoc holder; authenticate the origin of the mdoc data; verify the integrity of the mdoc data. The following items are out of scope for this document: provisioning of the mdoc data (this is covered by ISO/IEC TS 23220-3); how holder’s consent to share data is obtained; requirements on storage of mdoc data and mdoc private keys. Finally, it provides information to create a conformant profile.

This document applies to the basic safety and essential performance of a humidifier, also hereafter referred to as ME equipment, in combination with its accessories, the combination also hereafter referred to as ME system. This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to a humidifier where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the humidifier. EXAMPLE 1 Heated breathing tubes (heated-wire breathing tubes) or ME equipment intended to control these heated breathing tubes (heated breathing tube controllers). NOTE 2 Heated breathing tubes and their controllers are ME equipment and are subject to the requirements of IEC 60601‑1. NOTE 3 ISO 5367 specifies other safety and performance requirements for breathing tubes. This document includes requirements for the different medical uses of humidification, such as invasive ventilation, non-invasive ventilation, nasal high-flow therapy, and obstructive sleep apnoea therapy, as well as humidification therapy for tracheostomy patients. NOTE 4 A humidifier can be integrated into other equipment. When this is the case, the requirements of the other equipment also apply to the humidifier. EXAMPLE 2 Heated humidifier incorporated into a critical care ventilator where ISO 80601‑2-12 also applies. EXAMPLE 3 Heated humidifier incorporated into a homecare ventilator for dependent patients where ISO 80601‑2‑72 also applies. EXAMPLE 4 Heated humidifier incorporated into sleep apnoea therapy equipment where ISO 80601‑2‑70 also applies. EXAMPLE 5 Heated humidifier incorporated into ventilatory support equipment where either ISO 80601-2-79 or ISO 80601-2-80 also apply. EXAMPLE 6 Heated humidifier incorporated into respiratory high-flow therapy equipment where ISO 80601‑2‑90 also applies. This document also includes requirements for an active HME (heat and moisture exchanger), ME equipment which actively adds heat and moisture to increase the humidity level of the gas delivered from the HME to the patient. This document is not applicable to a passive HME, which returns a portion of the expired moisture and heat of the patient to the respiratory tract during inspiration without adding heat or moisture. NOTE 5 ISO 9360‑1 and ISO 9360‑2 specify safety and performance requirements for a passive HME. NOTE 6 If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME equipment only, or to ME systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to ME equipment and to ME systems, as relevant. Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of ME equipment or ME systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in IEC 60601‑1:2005+AMD1:2012+AMD2:2020, 7.2.13 and 8.4.1. NOTE 7 Additional information can be found in IEC 60601‑1:2005+AMD1:2012+AMD2:2020, 4.2. This document does not specify the requirements for cold pass-over or cold bubble-through humidification devices, the requirements for which are given in ISO 20789. This document is not applicable to equipment commonly referred to as “room humidifiers” or humidifiers used in heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, or humidifiers incorporated into infant incubators to humidify the chamber air (i.e., are not directly connected to the patient). This document is not applicable to nebulizers used for the delivery of a drug to patients. NOTE 8 ISO 27427 specifies the safety and performance requirements for nebulizers.

This document is applicable to the basic safety and essential performance of oxygen conserving equipment, hereafter referred to as ME equipment, in combination with its accessories intended to conserve supplemental oxygen by delivering gas intermittently and synchronized with the patient's inspiratory cycle, when used in the home healthcare environment. Oxygen conserving equipment is typically used by a lay operator. NOTE 1 Conserving equipment can also be used in professional health care facilities. This document is also applicable to conserving equipment that is incorporated with other equipment. EXAMPLE Conserving equipment combined with a pressure regulator[4], an oxygen concentrator[12] or liquid oxygen equipment[7]. This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to conserving equipment, where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the conserving equipment. This document is intended to clarify the difference in operation of various conserving equipment models, as well as between the operation of conserving equipment and continuous flow oxygen equipment, by requiring standardized performance testing and labelling. This document is only applicable to active devices (e.g. pneumatically or electrically powered) and is not applicable to non-active devices (e.g. reservoir cannulas). If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME equipment only, or to ME systems only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to ME equipment and to ME systems, as relevant. Hazards inherent in the intended physiological function of ME equipment or ME systems within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in IEC 60601‑1:2005+AMD1:2012+AMD2:2020, 7.2.13 and 8.4.1. NOTE 2 Additional information can be found in IEC 60601-1:2005+AMD1:2012+AMD2:2020, 4.2.

This document gives an overview and provides guidance on the main methods available to quantify the exchanges of greenhouse gases (CO2, N2O, CH4) and ammonia (NH3) between soils and the atmosphere. It is intended to help users to select the measurement method or methods most suited to their purposes by setting out information on the application domain and the main advantages and limitations of each methods.

This document gives an overview of the service-oriented vehicle diagnostics (SOVD) use cases. Each use case consists of name, inputs, outputs, a description and examples. Use cases are described in an abstracted form to be independent of the underlying technologies.

This document specifies the pendulum impact test method on miniature Charpy-type V-notch test pieces of metallic materials. This document does not cover instrumented impact testing of miniature Charpy-type V-notch test pieces, which is specified in ISO 14556:2023, Annex D[1]. This document can be applied, by agreement, to other impact testing machines, such as drop-weight towers or high-speed servo-hydraulic machines. The user should be aware that data obtained from miniature test pieces are not directly comparable to those obtained from full-size standard Charpy V-notch test pieces[2],[3].

This document specifies the fuel quality classes and specifications of graded firewood. This document applies only to firewood produced from the following raw materials (see ISO 17225-1:2021, Table 1): 1.1.1 Whole trees without roots; 1.1.3 Stemwood; 1.1.4 Logging residues (thick branches, tops, etc.); 1.2.1 Chemically untreated by-products

This document specifies the determination of the total chlorine content of aromatic isocyanates used in the preparation of polyurethanes. The difference between the total chlorine content and the hydrolyzable chlorine content (see ISO 15028) is a measure of the process solvents left in the product. All the test methods are applicable to a variety of organic compounds, including aliphatic isocyanates, but the amount of sample used might need to be adjusted. These test methods can be used for research or for quality control.