ISO - International Organization for Standardization

This document describes a method for the measurement of the swelling properties of hard coal using a dilatometer.

This document establishes content for commercial specifications for drilling machines and foundation machines. It explains concepts related to their applications, working methods, machine types, and main components of the machines. This document is applicable to: — mobile drill rigs for civil and geotechnical engineering; — foundation equipment including piling machines; — diaphragm walling equipment; — jetting, grouting and injection equipment; — interchangeable auxiliary equipment. This document does not apply to: — machines specifically designed for mining application (e.g. rock drilling, raise boring, jumbo machines); — horizontal directional drilling (HDD) machines (covered by ISO 21467[ REF Reference_ref_6 \r \h 1]).

This document specifies conformance tests in the form of an abstract test suite (ATS) for a system under test (SUT) that implements an electric-vehicle communication controller (EVCC) or a supply-equipment communication controller (SECC) for all common requirements specified in ISO 15118-20 that are independent of a particular charging type (AC, DC, ACD, WPT charging). These conformance tests specify the testing of capabilities and behaviours of an SUT, as well as checking what is observed against the conformance requirements specified in ISO 15118-20 and against what the implementer states the SUT implementation's capabilities are. The capability tests within the ATS check that the observable capabilities of the SUT are in accordance with the static conformance requirements specified in ISO 15118-20. The behaviour tests of the ATS examine an implementation as thoroughly as practical over the full range of dynamic conformance requirements specified in ISO 15118-20 and within the capabilities of the SUT. A test architecture is described in correspondence to the ATS. The abstract test cases in this document are described leveraging this test architecture and are specified in descriptive tabular format covering the ISO/OSI layer 3 to 7 (network to application layers). In terms of coverage, this document only covers normative sections and requirements in ISO 15118-20. This document additionally refers to specific tests for requirements on referenced standards (e.g. IETF RFCs, W3C Recommendation, etc.) if they are relevant in terms of conformance for implementations according to ISO 15118-20. However, it is explicitly not intended to widen the scope of this conformance specification to such external standards, if it is not technically necessary for the purpose of conformance testing for ISO 15118-20. Furthermore, the conformance tests specified in this document do not include the assessment of performance nor robustness or reliability of an implementation. They cannot provide judgments on the physical realization of abstract service primitives, how a system is implemented, how it provides any requested service, or the environment of the protocol implementation. Furthermore, the abstract test cases specified in this document only consider the communication protocol and the system's behaviour specified in ISO 15118-20. Power flow between the EVSE and the EV is no prerequisite for the test cases specified in this document.

This document specifies methods for determining conformance to the security crypto suite defined in ISO/IEC 29167-11. This document contains conformance tests for all mandatory functions. Unless otherwise specified, the tests in this document are intended to be applied exclusively to RFID tags and interrogators defined in the ISO/IEC 18000 series using ISO/IEC 29167-11.

This document specifies the mechanisms and criteria to be applied for the selection and approval of the object identifier resolution system (ORS) operational agency and includes procedures that the operational agency is required to follow. It also addresses any future modification of the procedures and the procedures for any change of the operational agency. This document: — lists the object identifier (OID) nodes for which the operational agency is required to provide ORS support and gives the required level of support for these nodes; — gives the procedures by which lower-level nodes can apply for ORS support (class A, class B, or class C) and the role of the operational agency in providing these levels of support; — determines the basis for charges that can be levied for these levels of support.

This document provides guidance on how to use modelling in privacy engineering. It describes categories of models that can be used, the use of modelling to support engineering, and the relationships with other references, including International Standards on privacy engineering and on modelling. It provides high-level use cases describing how models are used.

This document specifies certain characteristics of the essential oil of lavandin Abrial (Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel. ‘abrial’) (ex Lavandula angustifolia Mill. x Lavandula latifolia Medik. ‘abrial’), in order to facilitate assessment of its quality.

This document describes a dynamic dual-task method that quantitatively measures human-performance degradation on a primary driving-like task while a secondary task is being performed. The performance measures of the method indicate the visual-manual and cognitive secondary-task demand associated with visual-manual or auditory-verbal secondary task engagement while driving. This document defines key terms and parameters for the assessment of BT + DRT. It provides guidelines and minimum requirements on equipment and procedures to plan evaluation trials, specify (and install) data capture equipment, conduct a study, analyse, interpret, and report metrics indicating visual-manual and cognitive secondary-task demand using the BT + DRT. The metrics and definitions described in this document provide a common source for the assessment of visual-manual and cognitive task demand induced by different IVIS while driving. The BT + DRT is applicable to standardized experiments in laboratory-based settings. Data collection and analyses according to this document allow comparisons across different secondary tasks. In contrast, this document does not apply to the measurement of primary (driving) task demand. This document can be applied to both original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and after-market in-vehicle systems, and to permanently installed as well as portable systems.

This document specifies the principal method for out-of-plane laser shearography non-destructive testing (NDT) of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. This document is applicable to both monolithic and sandwich FRP laminate constructions, with or without curved surfaces, fibre-reinforced thermoset and thermoplastic matrix composites incorporating uni- or multi-directional reinforcements in either a continuous or discontinuous format; including but not limited to woven fabrics, stitched fabrics, short fibre, or particulate filled, honeycomb or foam cores, as well as combination or hybrid reinforcements. This document is not applicable to variations on this basic configuration.

This document specifies primary and secondary dimensions for specified types of garments to establish a size designation system based on body dimensions (as defined in ISO 8559-1).

This document defines terms in the field of cold chain logistics.

This document specifies the Extensible SECC Discovery Protocol (ESDP) as well as the Event Notification Protocol (ENP) that are intended to be used in conjunction with other protocols as defined in ISO 15118-2 and ISO 15118-20 as well as documents from other organizations such as DIN or SAE (e.g. DIN/TS 70121 or SAE J2847/2). These protocols can be used in addition to the existing SECC Discovery Protocol defined by the aforementioned documents. They offer additional functionality that makes the digital communication for EV charging more robust and allows to better determine the reason of failures. In this document, the scope is limited to the already existing communication protocols. Thus, it is only an addition to already existing communication protocols. Basic requirements regarding for example IP communication, or the Vehicle-To-Grid Transport Protocol (V2GTP) are not needed, as they are already specified in the respective document of the used communication protocol.

This document specifies the irradiation equipment using ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV-LED) and optical radiometry for testing the performance of semiconducting photocatalytic materials. The UV-LED irradiation equipment specified in this document uses UV-LEDs having a peak wavelength of 365 nm in the UV-A range and applies for a semiconductor photocatalyst exhibiting a photocatalytic function at this wavelength. This document applies only to irradiation equipment using UV-LED. ISO 10677[ REF Reference_ref_2 \r \h 2 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000100000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F0032000000 ] is applicable for equipment using conventional UV light sources such as fluorescent lamps.

This document applies to water meters used to meter the volume of cold potable water and hot water flowing through a fully charged, closed conduit. These water meters incorporate devices which indicate the integrated volume. This document specifies criteria for the selection of single, combination and concentric water meters, associated fittings, installation, special requirements for meters, and the first operation of new or repaired meters to ensure accurate constant measurement and reliable reading of the meter. In addition to meters based on mechanical principles, this document also applies to water meters based on electrical or electronic principles, and to water meters based on mechanical principles incorporating electronic devices, used to measure the volume of cold potable water and hot water. It also applies to electronic ancillary devices. Ancillary devices are optional. However, national or international regulations may make some ancillary devices mandatory in relation to the utilization of the water meter. The recommendations of this document apply to water meters, irrespective of technology, defined as integrating measuring instruments determining the volume of water flowing through them. NOTE Any national regulations apply in the country of use.

This document aims at achieving sustainability goals of the local community. It applies to the digital governance part of the mobility system of a city engaged in sustainability. This document applies to the digital governance part of the mobility system of a city committed to sustainability. It aims at achieving sustainability goals of the local community. It targets urban mobility and its connections with intercity and other long-distance transport solutions. It applies to the mobility of people and goods. An urban mobility system is a system of transport systems which: — contributes to the dimensioning and governance of mobility as a whole; — contributes to transport solutions: orchestrated, on demand, shared or not; — provides mobility services.

This document specifies a standardized method of optimizing IT provisioning within data centres by utilizing KPIs that enable the development of IT profiles for individual systems or platforms. The combination of the system and platform KPIs are used to establish an IT provisioning profile, establishing standard forecasting methods to optimize data centre resource effectiveness. This document: a) defines a method for identifying benchmarks and trends in IT provisioning; b) provides capability assessment/indicators of IT equipment over infrastructure life cycle, including preparatory, commissioning, expansion/contraction and/or retirement of IT equipment; c) provides a framework to establish IT provisioning forecast; d) provides a framework for IT provisioning output to be used as input to facility provisioning of space, power and cooling capacity requirements (see ISO/IEC TS 8236-2).

This document specifies a method for the determination of the following elements in aqua regia, nitric acid or mixture of hydrochloric (HCl), nitric (HNO3) and tetrafluoroboric (HBF4)/hydrofluoric (HF) acid digests of soil, treated biowaste, waste, sludge and sediment: aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), caesium (Cs), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), holmium (Ho), indium (In), iridium (Ir), iron (Fe), lanthanum (La), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), lutetium (Lu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), phosphorus (P), platinum (Pt), potassium (K), praseodymium (Pr), rhenium (Re), rhodium (Rh), rubidium (Rb), ruthenium (Ru), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulfur (S), tellurium (Te), terbium (Tb), thallium (Tl), thorium (Th), thulium (Tm), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), uranium (U), vanadium (V), ytterbium (Yb), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr). NOTE 1 Details on validation are given in Annex A. This method is also applicable for the determination of major, minor and trace elements in aqua regia and nitric acid digests and in eluates of construction products (EN 17200[ REF Reference_ref_8 \r \h 7]). NOTE 2 Construction products include e.g. mineral-based products, bituminous products, metals, wood-based products, plastics and rubbers, sealants and adhesives, paints and coatings.

This document specifies a standardized method of optimizing facility provisioning within data centres by utilizing KPIs that enable the development of facility profiles for individual systems or platforms. The combination of the system and platform KPIs are used to establish a facility provisioning profile, establishing standard forecasting methods to optimize data centre resource effectiveness. This document: a) defines a method for identifying benchmarks and trends in facility provisioning; b) provides capability assessment/indicators of facility infrastructure over the infrastructure life-cycle including preparatory, commissioning, expansion/contraction and/or retirement of IT equipment; c) describes the relationship of DCfP to dPUE (ISO/IEC 30134-2), providing a common methodology to base dPUE.

This document establishes a basic role model, as a common platform for smart city instantiation, of smart city automated mobility services. It provides a paradigm describing: a) a framework architecture for the provision of an automated mobility service; b) a description of the concept of operations, and the role models; c) a conceptual architecture between actors involved in the provision/receipt of automated mobility service applications; d) references for the key documents on which the architecture is based; e) a taxonomy of the organization of generic procedures. In-vehicle control system is not in the scope of this document. The scope of this document is limited to automated mobility services using physical and digital infrastructure.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the hydrogen-reducible oxygen content of metallic powders containing mass percentage of 0,05 % to 3 % oxygen. This document is applicable to unalloyed, partially alloyed or completely alloyed metal powders and also to mixtures of carbides and binder metal. This document is not applicable to powders containing lubricants or organic binders. This document can be extended to powders containing carbon by the use of a special catalytic device. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 760 and ISO 4491-1.

This document describes the physical and functional views defined in ISO/TS 14812 on integrated mobility, based on the role and responsibilities models in the mobility-as-a-service (MaaS) and mobility on demand (MOD) ecosystems as described in ISO/TR 4447 and ISO/TR 7878. This document focuses on mobility service concepts where the included transport services are publicly available.

This document is applicable to the radiation shielding design and evaluation work for medical proton accelerators of proton energies ranging from 70 MeV to 250 MeV, with subsystems such as beam transport system and nozzle components. The radiation protection recommendations given in this document cover the aspects relating to regulations, shielding design goals and other design criteria, role of the manufacturers, of the radiation protection officer or qualified expert, the medical physicist, the licensee and interactions between them, sources and radiations around a proton accelerator, shielding for accelerators and its subsystems (including shielding materials and transmission values, calculations for various room configurations, duct impact on radiation protection) and the radiological measurements. FLASH proton therapy is not covered by this document. NOTE 1 Annex A provides a list of the most used Monte-Carlo codes for shielding calculation. NOTE 2 Annex B provides the analytical methods and the corresponding necessary data for shielding calculation. NOTE 3 Annex C provides a set of examples on shielding calculation of barriers, maze and skyshine problems. NOTE 4 Annex D provides radiation shielding consideration on special topics.

This document: — provides requirements and guidance for the management of identity information and for ensuring that an identity management system conforms to ISO/IEC 24760-1 and ISO/IEC 24760-2; — is applicable to any information system where information relating to identity is processed or stored; — is considered to be a horizontal document for the following reasons: — it applies concepts such as distinguishing the term “identity” from the term “identifier” on the implementation of systems for the management of identity information and on the requirements for the implementation and operation of a framework for identity management, — it provides an important contribution to assess identity management systems with regard to their privacy-friendliness and their ability to assure the relevant attributes of an identity, and consequently it provides a foundation and a common understanding for any other standard addressing identity, identity information, and identity management.

This document: — provides guidelines for the implementation of systems for the management of identity information; — specifies requirements for the implementation and operation of a framework for identity management; — is applicable to any information system where information relating to identity is processed or stored; — is considered to be a horizontal document for the following reasons: ¾ it applies concepts such as distinguishing the term “identity” from the term “identifier” on the implementation of systems for the management of identity information and on the requirements for the implementation and operation of a framework for identity management, ¾ it provides an important contribution to assess identity management systems with regard to their privacy-friendliness and their ability to assure the relevant attributes of an identity, and consequently it provides a foundation and a common understanding for any other standard addressing identity, identity information, and identity management.

This document specifies radioactive tracer methods for the detection of a leak in pressured vessels and underground pipelines. This document applies to leak testing in pressured vessels and underground pipelines using a radioactive tracer.

This document: — defines terms for identity management and specifies core concepts of identity and identity management, and their relationships; — is applicable to any information system where information relating to identity is processed or stored; — is considered to be a horizontal document for the following reasons: ¾ it applies concepts such as distinguishing the term “identity” from the term “identifier” on the implementation of systems for the management of identity information and on the requirements for the implementation and operation of a framework for identity management, ¾ it provides an important contribution to assess identity management systems with regard to their privacy-friendliness and their ability to assure the relevant attributes of an identity, and consequently it provides a foundation and a common understanding for any other standard addressing identity, identity information, and identity management.

This document specifies a diantipyrylmethane spectrophotometric method for the determination of titanium in steel and iron. The method is applicable to titanium contents between 0,002 % (mass fraction) and 0,80 % (mass fraction).

This document specifies requirements and recommendations regarding performance criteria for display systems in vehicles as a guideline for suppliers and manufacturers under normal operating conditions. This document applies to in-vehicle display systems designed to provide vital information to the driver and passenger. This document applies to the system as a whole as well as its relevant components, such as cover lenses, coatings, and properties of the device itself. This document covers display systems in passenger vehicles (including sport utility vehicles and light trucks) and commercial vehicles (including heavy trucks and buses). NOTE Static and dynamic laboratory testing and dynamic field operational assessment to measure display and cover glass attributes are also included, where available, in the scope of this document. This document is not applicable for: — technology and type of display device (e.g. LED, LCD, OLED); — manufacturing and handling of components in production; — electrical setup and integration into the vehicle; — EMC requirements for electrical subassemblies; — head-up display (HUD) and e-mirror displays [e.g. camera monitoring system (CMS)]; — behaviour in accidents besides the regulatory head impact test (HIT).

This document specifies the performance, maintenance and inspection requirements, and usage recommendations for equipment (eye pads/rings, magnetic or pneumatic systems, etc.) used to secure (bowse) pilot ladders, accommodation ladders and man-ropes to a ship hull when a combination pilot ladder arrangement is used for pilot transfer.

This document provides guidance to organizations on how to identify, assess, resolve and monitor conflict of interest based on the principles of trust, integrity, transparency and accountability. The guidance in this document is generic and intended to be applicable to all organizations, regardless of type, size and nature of activity and whether in the public, private or not-for-profit sectors. It distinguishes between actual, apparent and potential conflict of interest.

This document describes the ergonomic design criteria and test evaluation methods for the hand holes of handheld packages that are handled by human operators during the distribution and logistics process. This document is applicable to handheld packages with a maximum weight of up to 23 kg. This document does not cover all issues of safety, health, and the environment related to the handling of packages.

This document specifies measurement methods and conditions to obtain reproducible and comparable exterior noise emission levels and spectra for all kinds of vehicles operating on rails or other types of fixed track, hereinafter conventionally called “unit”. This document is applicable to type testing of units. It provides measurement procedures for vehicle exterior noise (in general, a vehicle type test is carried out using only a selected subset of these tests): — when the vehicle is moving at constant speed; — when the vehicle is accelerating or decelerating; — when the vehicle is stationary in different operating conditions. It does not include all the instructions to characterize the noise emission of the infrastructure related sources (bridges, crossings, switching, impact noise, curving noise, etc.). This document does not apply to — the noise emission of track maintenance units while working, — environmental impact assessment (collection of data to be used in a prediction method for environmental assessment), — noise immission assessment, — guided buses, and — warning signal noise. The results can be used, for example — to characterize the exterior noise emitted by units, — to compare the noise emission of various units on a particular track section, and — to collect basic source data for units. NOTE Additional guidance is provided in Annex E for measurements in the specific case of urban rail vehicles.

This document defines the core data set for a concise international patient summary (IPS), which supports continuity of care for a person and assists with coordination of their care. This document provides an abstract definition of a patient summary from which derived models are implementable. This document does not cover the workflow processes of data entry, data collection, data summarization, subsequent data presentation, assimilation, or aggregation. Furthermore, this document does not cover the summarization act itself, i.e. the intelligence, skills and competences, that results in the data summarization workflow. It is not an implementation guide that is concerned with the various technical layers beneath the application layer. Representation by various coding schemes, additional structures and terminologies are not part of this document.

This document specifies the methods for determination of the diameter and length of pellets. Concerning the pellet length, methods for the determination of fractions of specified lengths, such as pellets > 40 mm and particles

This document specifies requirements for calibration, verification and validation of equipment used for: — control of process variables during fabrication, — control of the properties of equipment used for welding or welding allied processes, where the resulting output cannot be readily or economically documented by subsequent monitoring, inspection and testing. This involves process variables influencing the fitness-for-purpose and in particular the safety of the fabricated product. NOTE This document is based on the lists of process variables stated in International Standards for specification of welding procedures, in particular, but not exclusively in the ISO 15609 series. Future revisions of these International Standards can result in addition or deletion of parameters considered necessary to specify. Some guidance is, in addition, given in Annex B for requirements for calibration, verification and validation as part of acceptance testing of equipment used for welding or allied processes. This document does not specify requirements to calibrate, verify and validate as part of inspection, testing, non-destructive testing or measuring of final welded products performed in order to verify product conformance. This document applies only to calibration, verification and validation of equipment for use in production or on site. This document does not apply to the manufacture and installation of equipment for welding. Requirements for new equipment are formulated in directives and product codes (standards), as necessary. Annex C provides information when other parties are involved in calibration, verification and validation activities.

This document specifies two methods for determining the permanent change in dimensions of a dense shaped refractory product. Shaped refractories are those which have fixed geometry and dimensions when delivered to the user. This document is accordingly applicable to standard shape refractory bricks, but also special shapes refractory products and pre-cast products. This document does not apply to products containing carbon. NOTE The methods can be applied to materials sensitive to oxidation. However, some of these materials can be affected during the test in such a way as to make the measurement of the dimensional changes impossible to carry out to the required accuracy.

This document provides an overview of regulatory, business and best practice risk mitigation specifications that apply to the implementation, operation and governance of natural person identifier (NPI) policies, procedures and mechanisms necessary to support the lifecycle of all NPIs. The purpose of this document is to provide the basis for the development of one or more international standards related to the safe creation, use and management of NPIs with maximum global interoperability. For the structure of the NPI, see ISO 24366. For reference, ISO 24366 specifies a machine-readable, unambiguous NPI and the relevant reference data to uniquely identify the natural person relevant to any financial transaction rather than the personal identifying information.

This document specifies the determination of Cr(VI) in solid waste material and soil by alkaline digestion and ion chromatography with spectrophotometric detection. This method can be used to determine Cr(VI)-mass fractions in solids higher than 0,1 mg/kg. NOTE In case of reducing or oxidising waste matrix no valid Cr(VI) content can be reported.

This document specifies the procedure for registration of organization identification schemes, and the requirements for the administration of International Code Designator values, to designate these organization identification schemes.

This document gives guidance on the application of ISO 9001:2015 in police organizations. This document can assist a police organization to demonstrate its ability to consistently provide products and services that meet expectations of interested parties as well as applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. This document can assist a police organization in the satisfaction of interested parties. This document does not provide definitive interpretations of ISO 9001. This document is applicable to police organizations of all types, sizes, maturity level service and geographic location (e.g. police stations, border crossings, correctional facilities, civil defence).

This document describes approaches and methods that can be used to achieve explainability objectives of stakeholders with regard to machine learning (ML) models and artificial intelligence (AI) systems’ behaviours, outputs and results. Stakeholders include but are not limited to, academia, industry, policy makers and end users. It provides guidance concerning the applicability of the described approaches and methods to the identified objectives throughout the AI system’s life cycle, as defined in ISO/IEC 22989.

This document establishes principles for and gives guidance on using a service excellence maturity model (SEMM). This document is applicable to all organizations delivering services, such as commercial organizations, manufacturing companies, public services and not-for-profit organizations. In accordance with ISO 23592, it can help organizations to determine their own maturity level with regard to service excellence. It also offers guidance for future improvements and can be used for internal and external audits. An organization can decide for itself whether the whole service excellence model with its four dimensions and nine elements or only selected dimensions and elements are assessed and improved.

This document specifies two methods for the assessment of surface resistance to different kinds of visible scratches. It is applicable to the rigid surfaces of all finished products, regardless of their material. It does not apply to finishes on leather and fabrics. Method A is suitable for all types of surface coatings and coverings except for melamine faced boards (in accordance with EN 14322) and HPL (in accordance with EN 438-1). It simulates measurable penetrating and/or deforming scratches. Method B is suitable for all types of surfaces. It simulates first visible traces (e.g. scratches, marks) that can also be a change in the gloss. The test is intended to be carried out on a part of finished furniture. It can, however, be carried out on test panels of the same material, finished in an identical manner to the finished product, and of a size sufficient to meet the requirements of the test. The test is carried out on unused surfaces without any defects or damages.

This document specifies quality measures for quantitatively measuring quality characteristics that are specified by ISO 8000-210 for use with sensor data. The following are within the scope of this document: — fundamental principles and assumptions for measuring the quality of sensor data; — quality measures for sensor data, in respect of corresponding quality characteristics and data anomalies; — requirements for using data quality characteristics and data quality measures for measuring the quality of sensor data. The following are outside the scope of this document: — analogue, image, video and audio data that are captured by sensors; — signal processing that converts or modifies analogue data to create digital data; — methods to measure and improve data quality.

This document specifies the application of dynamic light scattering (DLS) to the following: — measurement of average hydrodynamic particle size; — measurement of the size distribution of mainly sub micrometre-sized particles, emulsions or fine bubbles dispersed in liquids. This document is applicable to the measurement of a broad range of dilute and concentrated suspensions.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity of dense shaped refractory products. Shaped refractories are those which have fixed geometry and dimensions when delivered to the user. This document is accordingly applicable to standard shape refractory bricks, but also special shapes refractory products and pre-cast products. This document is also applicable to unshaped refractories (see ISO 1927-6) after preparation of test specimens according to ISO 1927-5. NOTE For shaped insulating refractory products, the bulk density and true porosity are determined in accordance with ISO 5016.