ISO - International Organization for Standardization

This document specifies a standard method to evaluate the capacity of air purifiers to reduce the concentration of airborne fungi and clean the air in the indoor environment. The test is applicable to air purifiers which are commonly used in single room space.

This document provides a proof of competence and criteria for the selection of steel wire ropes used in cranes as defined in ISO 4306-1. The influence of the geometry of the rope drive, as well as drum and sheave geometry, are incorporated in the proof of competence. This document does not apply to fibre ropes.

This document specifies robust Gaussian regression filters for the filtration of surface profiles. It defines, in particular, how to separate large- and small-scale lateral components of surface profiles with protruding dales and hills. The concept presented for closed profiles are applicable to the case of roundness filtering. Where appropriate, these concept can be extended to generalized closed profiles, especially for surface profiles with re-entrant features.

This document specifies minimum requirements for dimensions and unobstructed space around upper deck passenger doors on the outer skin of civil transport aircraft, applicable when these doors are designed to accept the connection of existing passenger boarding bridges or transfer vehicles. This document is not applicable to existing models of civil transport aircraft, or derivative models with entry into service up to the year 2000 with the same fuselage, for which the aircraft-mating section of passenger boarding bridges or passenger transfer vehicles is expected to be compatible with ISO 16004.

This document defines a method for measuring the non-functional size of the software. It complements ISO/IEC 20926:2009, which defines a method for measuring the functional size of the software. This document also describes the complementarity of functional and non-functional sizes, so that deriving the sizes from the functional and the non-functional requirements does not result in duplication in the distinct functional and non-functional sizes. In general, there are many types of non-functional requirements. Moreover, non-functional requirements and their classification evolve over time as the technology advances. This document does not intend to define the type of NFR for a given context. Users can choose ISO 25010 or any other standard for the definition of NFR. It is assumed that users size the NFR based on the definitions they use. This document covers a subset of non-functional requirements. It is expected that, with time, the state of the art can improve and that potential future versions of this document can define an extended coverage. The ultimate goal is a version that, together with ISO/IEC 20926:2009, covers every aspect that can be required of any prospective piece of software, including aspects such as process and project directives that are hard or impossible to trace to the software's algorithm or data. The combination of functional and non-functional sizes would then correspond to the total size necessary to bring the software into existence. Estimating the cost, effort and duration of the implementation of the NFR is outside the scope of this document.

This document specifies requirements for the inherently safe design, risk reduction measures and information for use of robots for an industrial environment. This document addresses the robot as an incomplete machine. This document is not applicable to the following uses and products: — underwater; — law enforcement; — military (defence); — airborne and space robots, including outer space; — medical robots; — healthcare robots; — prosthetics and other aids for the physically impaired; — service robots, which provide a service to a person and as such where the public can have access; — consumer products, as this is household use to which the public can have access; — lifting or transporting people. NOTE 1 Requirements for robot integration and robot applications are covered in ISO 10218-2:2025. NOTE 2 Additional hazards can be created by robot applications (e.g. welding, laser cutting, machining). These hazards are addressed during robot application design. See ISO 10218-2:2025. This document deals with the significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events when used as intended and under specified conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. This document does not cover the hazards related to: — severe conditions (e.g. extreme climates, freezer use, strong magnetic fields) outside of manufacturer’s specifications; — underground use; — use that has hygienic requirements; — use in nuclear environments; — use in potentially explosive environments; — mobility when robots or manipulators are fixed to or part of driverless industrial trucks; — mobility when robots or manipulators are fixed to or part of mobile platforms; — use in environments with ionizing and non-ionizing radiation levels; — hazardous ionizing and non-ionizing radiation; — handling loads the nature of which can lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metals, acids/bases, radiating materials); — handling or lifting or transporting people; — when the public, all ages or non-working adults have access (e.g. service robots, consumer products). Noise emission is generally not considered a significant hazard of the robot alone, and consequently noise is excluded from the scope of this document. This document is not applicable to robots that are manufactured before the date of its publication.

This document specifies requirements for the integration of industrial robot applications and industrial robot cells. The following are addressed: — the design, integration, commissioning, operation, maintenance, decommissioning and disposal; — integration of machines and components; — information for use for the design, integration, commissioning, operation, maintenance, decommissioning and disposal. This document is not applicable to the following uses and applications of industrial robots: — underwater; — law enforcement; — military (defence); — airborne and space, including outer space; — medical; — healthcare of a person; — prosthetics and other aids for the physically impaired; — service robots, which provide a service to a person and as such the public can have access; — consumer products, as this is household use to which the public can have access; — lifting or transporting people; — multi-purpose lifting devices or machinery, e.g. cranes, forklift trucks. NOTE Applications for the automation of laboratories are not considered as medical or healthcare of a person. This document deals with the significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events when used as intended and under specified conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the integrator. This document provides basic requirements for industrial robot applications, but does not cover the hazards related to the following: — emission of airborne noise; — severe conditions (e.g. extreme climates, freezer use, strong magnetic fields) outside of manufacturer’s specifications; — underground use; — use that has hygienic requirements; — processing of any material (e.g. food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, metal); — use in nuclear environments; — use in potentially explosive environments; — mobility when robots or manipulators are integrated with driverless industrial trucks; — mobility when robots or manipulators are integrated with mobile platforms; — use in environments with hazardous ionizing and non-ionizing radiation levels; — hazardous ionizing and non-ionizing radiation; — handling loads the nature of which could lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metals, acids/bases, radiating materials); — when the public or non-working adults have access. Emission of acoustic noise could be identified to be a significant hazard, but emission of noise is not covered in this document.

This document specifies the construction and characteristics of fibre main cores for steel wire ropes using two types of fibre: a) natural fibre; b) man-made fibre. This document is not applicable to ropes for mine hoisting purposes. NOTE Fibre cores are adversely affected by high ambient temperatures. When selecting fibre cores, the limitation of specific fibres, in this respect, must be recognized.

This document specifies requirements for data exchange at the interface between earth-moving machinery, as defined in ISO 6165, mobile road construction machinery, as defined in ISO 22242, and the worksite information systems. It focuses on data for management of a worksite and the assets specific to that worksite. This document includes: a) methods of local position correction and localization, including standardization of RTK corrections; b) method of implementation of a common design model; c) types of data and methods of data exchange between servers. This includes application programming interfaces (APIs) to exchange data between servers regardless of vendor. These APIs focus on project data, as-built data, and production data. Field-equipment-to-server and machine-to-machine are not included. This document covers both hardware mounted on earth-moving equipment and field measurement equipment. This document does not define methods of on-machine data collection, on-machine communication protocol (e.g. CAN bus), wireless transmission of data to the vendor’s server, or wireless transmission of data directly between machines onsite. This document also does not include design software requirements or other areas related to building information management (BIM). Data formats and transfer methods from design software to the SMS are not in scope.

This document specifies general test methods for amino resins and solutions of amino resins intended for use as binders in paints, varnishes and related products.

This document specifies a method for the determination of total carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen in coal and coke by instrumental methods. NOTE This document has been validated for coal only, in accordance with the principles of ISO 5725-1. The suite of samples used in the interlaboratory study (ILS) to determine the precision data did not include coke and therefore there is insufficient data to state precision limits for coke.

This document specifies a conceptual model for a random bit generator for cryptographic purposes, together with the elements of this model. This document specifies the characteristics of the main elements required for both non-deterministic and deterministic random bit generators. It also establishes the security requirements for both non-deterministic and deterministic random bit generators. Techniques for statistical testing of random bit generators for the purposes of independent verification or validation and detailed designs for such generators are outside the scope of this document.

This document specifies methods for extracting candidate terms from text corpora and gives guidance on selecting relevant designations, definitions, concept relations and other terminology-related information.

This document specifies safety requirements and test methods for the components and systems that enable the transfer of compressed hydrogen to a hydrogen vehicle, as addressed in ISO 19880-1, by a hydrogen dispenser with dispensing pressures up to the H70 pressure class designation. This document applies to a hydrogen dispensing system, referred to as a “dispenser”; the configuration of the dispenser can range from: a) a dispenser cabinet, located in the fuelling area, that can perform all of the functionality needed to deliver hydrogen to a vehicle, to b) a minimum set of components mounted in or on (as applicable) a dispenser cabinet or other supporting structure as appropriate, with the remaining functionality provided elsewhere in the hydrogen fuelling station. A dispensing system includes the user and vehicle interface and can include components starting from the hydrogen supply, such as a connection to the banking system, a cooling unit, a dispenser control system, a flow meter, a pressure sensor, a fuel temperature sensor, an ambient temperature sensor, user interface and a fuelling hose assembly. Not all dispensing system equipment has to be physically housed within the enclosure at the dispensing area, as long as the specification of component design or type and location are adequate to ensure that the overall process meets the requirements in this document. This document specifies the requirements for hydrogen dispensers and can provide specific references to other standards for individual components included in the hydrogen dispenser, such as valves (ISO 19880-3) and hoses (ISO 19880-5). This document specifies general requirements for supporting the fuelling protocol and directs the user to ISO 19880-1 for additional requirements and the test methods required to verify proper fuelling protocol implementation. This document does not specify the accuracy of flow meters that can be used to meter dispensed fuel.

This document specifies requirements for the preparation, execution and reporting of speed trials of ships of the displacement type with a length between perpendiculars (Lpp) from 50 metres to 500 metres. It provides a procedure for the analysis, evaluation and correction of the gathered speed trial data covering all influences that can be relevant to the individual trial runs reporting on speed trials for ships, including effects that can influence the speed, power and propeller shaft speed relationship.

This document provides guidance for including sustainability within a service management system (SMS) based on the requirements defined in ISO/IEC 20000-1. It is aimed at: — organizations that are intending to implement the requirements of ISO/IEC 20000-1 and directly address sustainability; — organizations that intend to leverage their existing SMS to enable sustainability actions and sustainable delivery; — consultants, trainers and other experts supporting organizations that utilize ISO/IEC 20000-1, so that they can be informed on how to include sustainability actions in an SMS. Sustainability in this context has three interdependent dimensions, which are environmental, social and economic. Annex A expands on the three dimensions with examples of each. The guidance provided in this document aims to help organizations consider and address sustainability objectives as well as challenges related to their services. The complexity and detail surrounding the inclusion of sustainability within an SMS will vary and be dependent on the context of the organization, the scope of the SMS, compliance obligations and the nature of the services within the scope of the SMS. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO/IEC 20000-1 to address sustainability objectives related to specific requirements in ISO/IEC 20000-1. As such, it is anticipated that the user of this document is aware of the requirements in ISO/IEC 20000-1. The suggestions included across clauses in this document will be most effective when applied to an SMS which is implemented according to the corresponding clauses in ISO/IEC 20000-1. Application of this guidance to an SMS according to ISO/IEC 20000-1 is therefore recommended. This document supports and is an addition to the guidance already provided in ISO/IEC 20000-2, ISO/IEC 20000-3, ISO/IEC TS 20000-5 and other parts of the ISO/IEC 20000 series. Organizations can use the guidance in this document to also address the new requirements identified in ISO/IEC 20000-1:2018/Amd 1:2024 and ISO’s objectives to address climate change. The recommendations in this document for improving sustainability within an SMS are not exclusive and can be implemented along with other sustainability initiatives.

This document establishes a general methodology for information exchange supporting the interoperability of circular economy related information, based on the use of a product circularity data sheet (PCDS). This document specifies requirements for completing a PCDS by an organization, regardless of its type, size and nature, when acquiring or supplying products in order to permit the exchange of circular economy related information about those products, without disclosing confidential business information. This document also specifies requirements for the reporting format to be used when creating a PCDS template, based on the selection and use of various product circularity statements, according to the characteristics of the product. In addition, this document gives guidance on managing and sharing a PCDS, as well as guidance on creating a PCDS template.

This document specifies requirements on the composition, classification, equipment, inspection, testing, designation, marking and documentation for the rack pinion leg fixation system of a self-elevating unit. This document is applicable to the design, manufacture, inspection and acceptance of leg fixation systems of self-elevating units.

This document specifies technology that supports the efficient transmission and rendering of haptic signals for the playback of immersive experiences in a wide variety of scenarios. The document describes in detail a robust coded representation of haptic media covering the two most popular haptic perceptions leveraged by devices today: vibrotactile and kinaesthetic. Support for other haptic modalities has also been integrated. The coded representation allows to encode both descriptive and quantized data in a human readable JSON format used for exchange purposes, and a compressed bitstream version, optimised for memory usage and distribution purposes. This approach also allows to meet the expectations for compatibility with both descriptive and quantized formats, as required by the market, as well as interoperability between devices for 3D immersive experiences, mobile applications and other distribution purposes. Information provided in this document related to the decoder is normative, while information related to the encoder and renderer is informative.

This document specifies lighting requirements for humans in indoor work places, which meet the needs for visual comfort, performance and safety of people having normal, or corrected to normal visual capacity and response to light. This document specifies requirements for lighting solutions for typical indoor work places and their associated areas in terms of quantity and quality of illumination. The illumination can be provided by daylight, electric light sources, or a combination of both. This document gives recommendations for good lighting to fulfil the needs of integrative lighting. This document neither provides specific solutions nor recommendations for atmosphere or aesthetics created by lighting. It does not restrict the designers' freedom from exploring new techniques nor restrict the use of innovative equipment. This document is not applicable for emergency lighting. For emergency lighting, see ISO 30061.

This document specifies a horizontal in vitro method for the molecular identification and differentiation of the monophasic variant of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (1,4,[5],12:i:-) lacking the second H phase H:1,2, starting from isolates. The method detects specific DNA sequences of an intergenic region of the first H phase flagellin cluster for identification of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (further called Salmonella Typhimurium) and specific DNA sequences of genes associated with second H phase flagellar antigen expression. The method is applicable for: — differentiation of the isolate under analysis between monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium and the monophasic variant of another Salmonella non-Typhimurium serovar that has the same antigenic formula; — identification of the isolate under analysis being either monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium or (biphasic) Salmonella Typhimurium. This document is applicable for the analysis of a pure culture belonging to the genus Salmonella, isolated from: — products intended for human consumption; — products intended for animal feeding; — environmental samples in the area of food and feed production and handling; — samples from the primary production stage. This document can also be applied in other domains for identification of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium (e.g. environmental, human health, animal health). NOTE This method has been validated in a method evaluation study and in an interlaboratory study with a large set of different strains (target and non-target strains), isolated from different sources (food products, animals, animal feed, primary production samples and humans). For detailed information on the validation, see Annex E.

This document specifies linear Gaussian filters for the filtration of surface profiles. It defines, in particular, how to separate large- and small-scale lateral components of surface profiles. The concept presented for closed profiles are applicable to the case of roundness filtration. Where appropriate, these concept can be extended to generalized closed profiles, especially for surface profiles with re-entrant features. Implementation details are given in Annex A for open profiles and Annex B for closed profiles.

This document specifies the characteristics and requirements for a piping system and its components, made from unplasticized polyamide (PA-U) intended to be used for thermoplastics piping systems in industrial applications above and below ground. NOTE 1 Requirements applying to industrial valves are given in this document and in other standards. This document is applicable to PA-U pipes, fittings, valves and their joints, and to joints with components of other plastics and non-plastic materials, depending on their suitability, intended to be used for the conveyance of liquid and gaseous fluids as well as solid matter in fluids for industrial applications such as the following: — transport of oil, gaseous fuels and multiphase mixtures (exploration and production; general purpose hydrocarbon-based fluids); — transport of renewable gases (hydrogen, biomethane); — transport of contaminated sewer (e.g. contaminated with hydrocarbons); — transport of CO2 [carbon capture and utilisation or storage (CCUS)]. NOTE 2 National regulations can apply. NOTE 3 Other application areas are possible if the requirements of this document and/or applicable national requirements are fulfilled. Characteristics and requirements which are applicable for PA-U are covered by the relevant clauses of this document. Those characteristics and requirements which are dependent on the material are given in the relevant normative Annex A.

This document defines terms used in the footwear industry.

This document specifies the preparation of artificially worn tyres by tread rubber removal (e.g. cutter, buffing, grinding, etc.) for subsequent wet grip performance tests. This document applies to new passenger car tyres.

This document establishes the performance requirements and acceptance criteria for coating material used for passenger rolling stock, locomotives and components. This document also provides guidance on the coating application processes, product selection, surface preparation, coating application, verification and inspection methods, repairs, refurbishment (refresh, etc.), and tests to measure the minimum performance for the final product. This document applies to all types of coating materials (liquid, powder, etc.) used on — railway vehicle bodies, and — on-board equipment and constituent parts.

This document specifies requirements for the biobanking of animal germplasm, e.g. semen, embryos, oocytes, gonads and related tissue, including reception, preparation, quality control, storage and distribution. This document is applicable to animal species for food and agriculture. This document is applicable to all organizations performing biobanking of animal biological material and associated data, such as public or private gene banks and germplasm livestock collections centres. NOTE International, national or regional regulations or requirements, or combinations of them, can also apply to specific topics covered in this document.

This document specifies the hardware requirements needed to carry out building automation tasks. This document is applicable to physical devices, i.e.: — devices that require human interaction, such as management stations or operator panels; — devices for data storage and analysis, such as edge or cloud servers; — devices for control applications, such as automation stations; — devices for physical quantities acquisition, such as sensors and actuators. This document provides a generic system topology based on a building network infrastructure, which includes both the devices inside the building envelope and those outside the building envelope.

This document specifies test methods as well as test charts for measuring the physical durability attributes of duplex colour prints, typically used in office environment. This document is applicable to duplex prints comprising several sheets with colour images printed on both sides of a substrate. A multifunction or single function printer is used to form the duplex prints. This document is intended to be used to evaluate the durability of colour prints under environment and stress conditions assuming general office use, including transportation from the place of printing to where practically used. Permanence and durability in archival and storage environments are out of scope of this document and can be evaluated by the methods in ISO 11798. The physical durability attributes included are thermal and humidity blocking, water resistance, abrasion resistance and scratch resistance. All of these attributes are also applicable to a simplex print set comprising several sheets with colour images printed on one side of a substrate and no image on the other side.

This document specifies a framework for establishing trust in media. This framework includes aspects of authenticity, provenance and integrity through secure and reliable annotation of the media assets throughout their life cycle.

This document defines the requirements and operation of the on-board vehicle equipment that enables magnetic field wireless power transfer (MF-WPT) for traction battery charging of electric vehicles. It specifies requirements for static (vehicle not in motion) and dynamic (vehicle in motion) applications. It is intended to be used for heavy duty vehicles. This does not exclude the application of systems in passenger cars or light commercial vehicles This document addresses the following aspects for an EV device: — safety requirements; — transferred power and power transfer efficiency; — ground clearance of the EV device; — functionality with associated off-board systems under various conditions and independent of manufacturer (interoperability); — test procedures. EV devices that fulfil the requirements in this document are intended to operate with supply devices that fulfil the MF-WPT related requirements in the IEC 61980 series. In this edition, multiple secondary devices (modular approach for higher power classes) are not covered. NOTE The dynamic application is shown in Annex C.

This document provides the test methods for regular luminous transmittance, switching time, haze, insulation resistance, humidity resistance, low temperature resistance, colour uniformity, switching cycles and radiation durability for electro-switchable glazing used on road vehicles. This document applies to switchable glazing in response to applied voltage or current.

This document specifies the methods for testing the environmental characteristics of RFID-enabled sporting goods. This document suggest methods for identifying the main use environments and related testing of environmental characteristics of sporting goods for indoor and outdoor sports with RFID and optionally additional advanced electronic devices like sensors. The environmental characteristics addressed in this document are applicable to manufacturers, including distribution and inventory management, as well as the aspects of consumer use of the actual RFID-enabled sports items. This document establishes methods to measure and evaluate the performance change of tags after environmental characteristic testing.

This document defines test procedures for the acquisition and presentation of comparable data for moulding materials. This document applies predominantly to unreinforced and reinforced thermoplastic and thermosetting materials that can be injection- or compression-moulded or prepared as sheets of specified thickness.

This document provides general requirements and recommendations for the development and operation of subsea production/injection systems, from the concept development phase to decommissioning and abandonment. Flexible pipe standards form part of the API 17-series of documents (see 4.3.3); however, this document (technically equivalent to API RP 17A 6th edition) does not generally cover flowlines/pipelines or production/injection risers (associated with flowlines/pipelines). These components form part of a complete subsea production system (SPS), as shown in Figure 1.

This document specifies a titrimetric method for the determination of the titanium content of ferrotitanium. The method is applicable to titanium contents of a mass fraction between 20,0 % and 80,0 % in ferrotitanium.

This document describes the common industry format (CIF) for reporting usability evaluations. It provides a classification of evaluation approaches and the specifications for the content items (content elements) to be included in an evaluation report based on the selected evaluation approach(es). The intended users of the usability evaluation reports are identified, as well as the situations in which the usability evaluation report can be applied. The usability evaluation reports in this document are applicable to software and hardware systems and products or services used for predefined tasks (excluding generic products, such as a display screen or a keyboard). The content elements are intended to be used as part of system-level documentation resulting from development processes such as those in ISO 9241-210 and the ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 process standards (e.g. ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 on systems lifecycle management, ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207 on software lifecycle management and ISO/IEC 33001 on process capability assessment).

This document gives guidelines to support the application of the ISO 81346 and IEC 81346 series to power supply systems. It also specifies best practice for its use and implementation depending on the user and situation. The application of this document supports harmonization within and between the power supply technical domains and industries. Introductory examples of the use of reference designation systems (RDS) can be found in Annex A and Annex B. Annex C provides an example of a conversion table between an example structuring system and the classes specified in this document and other parts of the ISO 81346 and IEC 81346 series.

This document specifies the reference software for carriage of V3C data as specified in ISO/IEC 23090-10. The information provided describes the reference software modules and the features that it supports. It also provides a description of how the reference software can be utilized. Finally, it also provides a description of conformance test vectors.

This document specifies requirements for volcanic lava, as supplied for blast-cleaning processes. It specifies ranges of particle sizes and values for apparent density, Mohs hardness, moisture content, conductivity of aqueous extract and water-soluble chlorides. The requirements specified in this document apply to abrasives supplied in “new” condition only. They do not apply to abrasives either during or after use. Test methods for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives are given in the various parts of ISO 11127 series. NOTE Although this document has been developed specifically to meet requirements for the preparation of steelwork, the properties specified will generally be appropriate for use when preparing other material surfaces, or components, using blast-cleaning techniques. These techniques are described in ISO 8504-2.

This document provides use cases of sharing economy platforms in the public sector, aiming to support municipalities and administrations to apply suitable models of sharing economy platforms for increasing public values and the efficiency of public services.

This document specifies the conformance testing of the ISO/IEC 18181 series, also known as JPEG XL. NOTE Other desirable aspects of implementation (including robustness and performance) are outside the scope of this document.

This document provides guidance on the use of the Ravenscar profile for concurrent Ada software intended for verification up to, and including, the very highest levels of integrity. To this end, this document provides a complete description of the motivations behind the Ravenscar profile, to show how conformant programs can be analysed, and to give examples of usage. This document is aimed at a broad audience, including application programmers, implementers of run-time systems, those responsible for defining company or project guidelines, and academics. Familiarity with the Ada language is assumed.

This document specifies data formats for both transport and storage of genomic information, including the conversion process.

This document specifies simple procedures to check the performance and calibration status of static scales. The test sequence is applicable to routine applications, generating results which can be used to calculate explicit scale performance parameters (precision, bias and linearity) in accordance with the relevant formulae shown in ISO 12745.

This document defines terms for and establishes the fundamental concepts and principles of innovation management. This document is applicable to: a) all types of organizations, regardless of type, sector, maturity-level or size; b) all types of innovations (e.g. product, service, process, model, method); c) all forms of innovation (e.g. incremental to radical, disruptive); d) all types of approaches (e.g. internal and open innovation, user-, market-, design- and technology-driven innovation activities).