M/278 - Meas. Meth. - SO2 & N0x emiss.

This European Standard describes the chemiluminescence method, including the sampling and the gas conditioning system, to determine the NO/NO2/NOX concentrations in flue gases emitted from ducts and stacks to atmosphere. This European Standard is the Standard Reference Method (SRM) for periodic monitoring and for calibration or control of Automatic Measuring Systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory or other purposes such as calibration. To be used as the SRM, the user shall demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are better than the performance criteria defined in this European Standard and that the overall uncertainty of the method is less than ± 10 percent relative at the daily Emission Limit Value (ELV).
NOTE   When the chemiluminescence method is the measurement principle used for AMS, reference should be made to EN 14181 and other relevant standards provided by CEN TC 264.
An Alternative Method to this SRM may be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence according to the Technical Specification CEN TS 14793, to the satisfaction of his national accreditation body or law.
This SRM has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration and large combustion installations. It has been validated for sampling periods of 30 min in the range of 0 mgNO2/m3 to 1 300 mgNO2/m3 for large combustion plants and 0 mgNO2/m3 to 400 mgNO2/m3 for waste incineration, according to emission limit values (ELVs) laid down in the following Council Directives:
   Council Directive 2001/80/EC on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants;
   Council Directive 2000/76/EC on waste incineration plants.
The ELVs for NOx (NO + NO2) in EU directives are expressed in mgNO2/m3, on dry basis, at a reference value for O2 and at the reference conditions (273 K and 101,3 kPa).

This European Standard describes a manual method for sampling and determining SO2 content in ducts and stacks emitting to the atmosphere by two analytical methods: Ion chromatography and Thorin method.
This European Standard is the Standard Reference Method (SRM) for periodic monitoring and for calibration or control of Automatic Measuring Systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory purposes or other purposes. To be used as the SRM, the user shall demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are better than the performance criteria defined in this European Standard and that the overall uncertainty of the method is less than ± 20,0 % relative at the daily Emission Limit Value (ELV).
An Alternative Method to this SRM may be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence according to the Technical Specification CEN TS 14793, to the satisfaction of his national accreditation body or law.
This Standard Reference Method has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration and large combustion installations. It has been validated for sampling periods of 30 min in the range of (0,5   2 000) mg/m3 SO2 for Ion Chromatography variant and 5 mg/m3 - 2 000 mg/m3 SO2 for Thorin method according to emission limit values laid down in the following Council Directives:
¾   Council Directive 2001/80/EC on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants;
¾   Council Directive 2000/76/EC on waste incineration plants.
The limit values of EU Directives are expressed in mg SO2/m3, on dry basis and at the reference conditions of 273 K and 101,3 kPa.

The purpose of this technical specification is to specify a validation procedure to show if an Alternative Method (AM) can be used as an alternative to the Standard Reference Method (SRM), both implemented to determine the same measurand. This document has been drawn up for laboratories working in air pollution measurements (and consequently examples taken from this sector are included in the appendices).
In particular, this Technical Specification provides the statistical tools and different criteria to evaluate the alternative method; this does not release the person responsible for this validation from bearing technical and analytical judgement on the evaluation of the different criteria.
Three steps are described in the validation procedure:
-   description of the AM and setting of the field of equivalence (range and type of gas matrix);
-   determination of the performance characteristics of the AM and calculation of the overall uncertainty where appropriate and check of compliance of the maximum overall uncertainty allowed for the SRM;
-   check of repeatability and lack of systematic deviation of the AM in the field in comparison with the SRM for the type of matrix defined in the field of equivalence.
NOTE   Some parts of the second step of the validation of the alternative method should be performed by a recognised test-house.
If the AM fulfils the requirement of the procedure, then the laboratory that carried out the whole validation process is allowed to use it as a SRM in the field application where the equivalence has been demonstrated.
However, if the validation process involves at least 4 different accredited laboratories performing simultaneously parallel measurements in the field, and if the AM passes with success all the tests of the procedure, then this method could be proposed to CEN, who can decide to consider this AM as a new reference method (ARM).
The use of this procedure implies that a reference method has been defined by the regulator or i

This European Standard describes a manual method for sampling and determining SO2 content in ducts and stacks emitting to the atmosphere by two analytical methods: Ion chromatography and Thorin method.
This European Standard is the Standard Reference Method (SRM) for periodic monitoring and for calibration or control of Automatic Measuring Systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory purposes or other purposes. To be used as the SRM, the user shall demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are better than the performance criteria defined in this European Standard and that the overall uncertainty of the method is less than ± 20,0 % relative at the daily Emission Limit Value (ELV).
An Alternative Method to this SRM may be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence according to the Technical Specification CEN TS 14793, to the satisfaction of his national accreditation body or law.
This Standard Reference Method has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration and large combustion installations. It has been validated for sampling periods of 30 min in the range of (0,5   2 000) mg/m3 SO2 for Ion Chromatography variant and 5 mg/m3 - 2 000 mg/m3 SO2 for Thorin method according to emission limit values laid down in the following Council Directives:
¾   Council Directive 2001/80/EC on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants;
¾   Council Directive 2000/76/EC on waste incineration plants.
The limit values of EU Directives are expressed in mg SO2/m3, on dry basis and at the reference conditions of 273 K and 101,3 kPa.

The purpose of this technical specification is to specify a validation procedure to show if an Alternative Method (AM) can be used as an alternative to the Standard Reference Method (SRM), both implemented to determine the same measurand. This document has been drawn up for laboratories working in air pollution measurements (and consequently examples taken from this sector are included in the appendices).
In particular, this Technical Specification provides the statistical tools and different criteria to evaluate the alternative method; this does not release the person responsible for this validation from bearing technical and analytical judgement on the evaluation of the different criteria.
Three steps are described in the validation procedure:
-   description of the AM and setting of the field of equivalence (range and type of gas matrix);
-   determination of the performance characteristics of the AM and calculation of the overall uncertainty where appropriate and check of compliance of the maximum overall uncertainty allowed for the SRM;
-   check of repeatability and lack of systematic deviation of the AM in the field in comparison with the SRM for the type of matrix defined in the field of equivalence.
NOTE   Some parts of the second step of the validation of the alternative method should be performed by a recognised test-house.
If the AM fulfils the requirement of the procedure, then the laboratory that carried out the whole validation process is allowed to use it as a SRM in the field application where the equivalence has been demonstrated.
However, if the validation process involves at least 4 different accredited laboratories performing simultaneously parallel measurements in the field, and if the AM passes with success all the tests of the procedure, then this method could be proposed to CEN, who can decide to consider this AM as a new reference method (ARM).
The use of this procedure implies that a reference method has been defined by the regulator or i

This European Standard describes the chemiluminescence method, including the sampling and the gas conditioning system, to determine the NO/NO2/NOX concentrations in flue gases emitted from ducts and stacks to atmosphere. This European Standard is the Standard Reference Method (SRM) for periodic monitoring and for calibration or control of Automatic Measuring Systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory or other purposes such as calibration. To be used as the SRM, the user shall demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are better than the performance criteria defined in this European Standard and that the overall uncertainty of the method is less than ± 10 percent relative at the daily Emission Limit Value (ELV).
NOTE   When the chemiluminescence method is the measurement principle used for AMS, reference should be made to EN 14181 and other relevant standards provided by CEN TC 264.
An Alternative Method to this SRM may be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence according to the Technical Specification CEN TS 14793, to the satisfaction of his national accreditation body or law.
This SRM has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration and large combustion installations. It has been validated for sampling periods of 30 min in the range of 0 mgNO2/m3 to 1 300 mgNO2/m3 for large combustion plants and 0 mgNO2/m3 to 400 mgNO2/m3 for waste incineration, according to emission limit values (ELVs) laid down in the following Council Directives:
   Council Directive 2001/80/EC on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants;
   Council Directive 2000/76/EC on waste incineration plants.
The ELVs for NOx (NO + NO2) in EU directives are expressed in mgNO2/m3, on dry basis, at a reference value for O2 and at the reference conditions (273 K and 101,3 kPa).