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The present document specifies the EMC requirements for telecommunication equipment intended to be used within a telecommunications network, which provides telecommunications between Network Termination Points (NTPs) (i.e. excluding terminal equipment beyond the NTPs). Radio functionality (e.g. Bluetooth®, Wi-Fi®, GPS) incorporated in telecommunication network equipment is also within the scope of the present document. Examples (non-exhaustive list) of such equipment are:
1) Switching equipment. Such equipment includes:
- local telephone exchanges;
- remote switching concentrators;
- international switches;
- telex switches;
- network packet switches;
- base station controllers, radio network controllers;
- network servers and gateways.
2) Non-radio transmission equipment and ancillary equipment. Such equipment includes:
- multiplexers;
- line equipment and repeaters, e.g. equipment for:
- Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH);
- Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH);
- Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM);
such as:
- Digital Cross Connect systems;
- network terminations;
- transmission equipment used in the access network like xDSL.
3) Power supply equipment. Such equipment includes:
- central power plant;
- end of suite power supplies;
- uninterruptible power supplies;
- stabilized AC power supplies; and
- other dedicated telecommunication network power supplies
but excludes equipment which is uniquely associated with or integrated in other equipment.
4) Supervisory equipment. Such equipment includes:
- network management equipment;
- operator access maintenance equipment;
- traffic measurement systems;
- line test units;
- functional test units.
NOTE 1: The function of supervision may either be performed by independent equipment or form part of other telecommunication network equipment. If the function of supervision forms part of a telecommunication network equipment, the performance may be evaluated simultaneously with other functions (such as switching and transmission) during EMC testing.
5) Telecommunication network equipment incorporating radio equipment.
6) Data centre equipment which is intended to be used within telecommunication network infrastructure:
- Storage.
- Processor.
- Server.
The requirements applicable to radio interfaces of Telecommunication network equipment within the scope of the present document (e.g. Bluetooth®, Wi-Fi ®, GPS) are defined in clause 7 and annex D.
The environmental classification locations used in the present document refer to ETSI TR 101 651 [i.22]. The emission requirements of the present document refer to EN 55032 [31] that have been selected to ensure an adequate level of protection to radio services. The immunity requirements of the present document have been selected to ensure an adequate level of immunity for the apparatus covered by the scope of the present document. General purpose equipment, which is used as a part of a telecommunication network, may be covered by the scope of other standards. Equipment which also fall within the scope of EN 50083-2 [3] may require additional testing on the relevant RF ports. See clause 9.2 and annex C. Equipment may provide different functions, i.e. switching equipment may also provide transmission functions and transmission equipment may provide storage capabilities, etc. All available functions of the EUT are to be tested. Technical requirements related to conducted emission EMC requirements below 9 kHz on the AC mains port of telecommunication network equipment are not included in the present document.
NOTE 2: Such technical requirements are normally found in the relevant product family standards for AC mains powered equipment (e.g. EN 61000-3-2 [i.48] and EN 61000-3-3 [i.49]).
NOTE 3: The relationship between the present document and essential requirements of annex I.1 of Directive 2014/30/EU [i.31] and/or article 3.1(b) of Directive 2014/53/EU [i.6] is given in annex A.

This document specifies a calculation method to determine the thermal transmittance of glass with flat and parallel surfaces.
This document applies to uncoated glass (including glass with structured surfaces, e.g. patterned glass), coated glass and materials not transparent in the far infrared which is the case for soda lime glass products, borosilicate glass, glass ceramic, alkaline earth silicate glass and alumino silicate glass. It applies also to multiple glazing comprising such glasses and/or materials. It does not apply to multiple glazing which include in the gas space sheets or foils that are far infrared transparent.
The procedure specified in this document determines the U value (thermal transmittance) in the central area of glazing.
The edge effects due to the thermal bridge through the spacer of an insulating glass unit or through the window frame are not included. Furthermore, energy transfer due to solar radiation is not taken into account. The effects of Georgian and other bars are excluded from the scope of this document.
NOTE   EN ISO 10077 1:2017 provides a methodology for calculating the overall U value of windows, doors and shutters [1], taking account of the U value calculated for the glass components according to this document.
Also excluded from the calculation methodology are any effects due to gases that absorb infrared radiation in the 5 to 50 µm range.
The primary purpose of this document is product comparison, for which a vertical position of the glazing is specified. In addition, U values are calculated using the same procedure for other purposes, in particular for predicting:
-   heat loss through glass;
-   conduction heat gains in summer;
-   condensation on glass surfaces;
-   the effect of the absorbed solar radiation in determining the solar factor [2].
Reference can be made to [3], [4] and [5] or other European Standards dealing with heat loss calculations for the application of glazing U values determined by this standard.
Reference can be made to [6] for detailed calculations of U values of glazing, including shading devices.
Vacuum Insulating Glass (VIG) is excluded from the scope of this document. For determination of the U value of VIG, please refer to EN 674 or ISO 19916-1.
A procedure for the determination of emissivity is given in EN 12898.
The rules have been made as simple as possible consistent with accuracy.

This document specifies a method for the measurement of effective focal spot dimensions above 0,1 mm of X-ray systems up to and including 1 000 kV X-ray voltage by means of the pinhole camera method with digital evaluation. The tube voltage applied for this measurement is restricted to 200 kV for visual film evaluation and can be selected higher than 200 kV if digital detectors are used.
The imaging quality and the resolution of X-ray images depend highly on the characteristics of the effective focal spot, in particular the size and the two-dimensional intensity distribution as seen from the detector plane. Compared to the other methods specified in the EN 12543 series and the ISO 32543 series, this method allows to obtain an image of the focal spot and to see the state of it (e.g. cratering of the anode).
This test method provides instructions for determining the effective size (dimensions) of standard (macro focal spots) and mini focal spots of industrial X-ray tubes. This determination is based on the measurement of an image of a focal spot that has been radiographically recorded with a “pinhole” technique and evaluated with a digital method.
For the characterization of commercial X-ray tube types (i.e. for advertising or trade), the specific FS (focal spot) values of Annex A can be used.

This document, when used together with ISO 4254-1:2013 and ISO 4254-1:2013/AMD1:2021, specifies the safety requirements and their verification for the design and construction of trailed and self-propelled harvesters for grapes, olives and coffee. It describes methods for the elimination or reduction of hazards arising from the intended use of these machines by one person (the operator) in the course of normal operation and service. In addition, it specifies the type of information on safe working practices to be provided by the manufacturer.
When provisions of this document are different from those which are stated in ISO 4254-1:2013 and ISO 4254-1:2013/AMD1:2021, the provisions of this document take precedence over the provisions of ISO 4254-1:2013 and ISO 4254-1:2013/AMD1:2021 for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this document.
This document, taken together with ISO 4254-1:2013 and ISO 4254-1:2013/AMD1:2021, deals with all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to trailed and self-propelled harvesters for grapes, olives and coffee, when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse that are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It is not applicable to hazards arising from the presence of persons other than the operator, hazards related to lack of visibility, except lighting, hazards related to vibrations and moving parts for power transmission, except for strength requirements for guards and barriers.
This document does not deal with environmental hazards, except noise.
In respect of steering of self-propelled machines, it is applicable only to the ergonomic aspects (for example, location of the steering wheel); no other aspects related to steering are covered.
NOTE            Specific requirements related to road traffic regulations are not taken into account in this document.
This document is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content in diesel fuel or domestic heating fuel by mid-infrared (IR) spectrometry and a transmission sample cell, which applies to FAME contents of the three measurement ranges as follows:
—   range A: for FAME contents ranging from approx. 0,05 % (V/V) to approx. 3 % (V/V);
—   range B: for FAME contents ranging from approx. 3 % (V/V) to approx. 20 % (V/V);
—   range C: for FAME contents ranging from approx. 20 % (V/V) to approx. 50 % (V/V).
Principally, higher FAME contents can also be analysed if diluted; however, no precision data for results outside the specified range is available at present.
This test method was verified to be applicable to samples which contain FAME conforming to EN 14214. Reliable quantitative results are obtained only if the samples do not contain any significant amounts of other interfering components, especially esters and other carbonyl compounds which possess absorption bands in the spectral region used for quantification of FAME. If such interfering components are present, this test method is expected to produce higher values.
NOTE 1   For the purposes of this document, the term “% (V/V)” is used to represent the volume fraction (φ) of a material.
NOTE 2   For conversion of grams FAME per litre (g FAME/l) to volume fraction, a fixed density for FAME of 883,0 kg/m3 is adopted.

This document specifies the safety requirements and their verification for the design and construction of robotic feed systems (RFS) (see Annex A), which distribute feed and perform at least one of the following functions without the need of human interaction:
—     storing of feed;
—     loading of mobile feed unit (MFU);
—     mixing;
—     travelling;
—     cleaning (residual feed);
—     pushing feed.
Additionally, it provides the type of information, to be provided by the manufacturer, on safe working practices (including information about residual risks).
This document is for feeding livestock (e.g. cows, sheep, pigs).
This document does not apply to:
—     systems designed to be used at a fixed location and that discharge feed at a remote location (e.g. chain conveyor feed systems, belt conveyor feed systems or liquid feed systems);
—     tractors;
—     systems designed for field application.
This document deals with all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to RFS, see Annex B, when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse, which are reasonably foreseeable, by the manufacturer as listed in Clause 4, except for the hazards arising from:
—     internal combustion engines of RFS;
—     requirements for the connections to the main electric power supply;
—     RFS with interchangeable equipment;
—     emission of airborne noise.
NOTE 1        Hazards related to internal combustion engines of robotic feed systems (e.g. exhaust emissions in buildings) will be considered in separate standards
NOTE 2        The main electric power supply is subject to national regulations or codes
NOTE 3        Sudden loud noises may cause farm animals to become startled. It is advised to consider this with the design of the RFS.
Environmental aspects (except noise) have not been considered in this document.
This document is not applicable to feed systems manufactured before the date of its publication.

This document specifies tests for determining the strength and wear resistance of guards for power take-off (PTO) drive- shafts on tractors and machinery used in agriculture and forestry, and their acceptance criteria. It is intended to be used in combination with ISO 5673-1:2005.
It is applicable to the testing of PTO drive- shaft guards and their restraining means. It is not applicable to the testing of guards designed and constructed to be used as steps.
This document is not applicable to guards for power take-off drive shafts that are manufactured before the date of publication of this document.

This document is applicable to vehicles operating on tram networks.
This document specifies all necessary design rules and associated assessment criteria as well as guidance concerning the design of information and the corresponding user interfaces of driver’s cabs of tram vehicles.
It considers the tasks the driver has to carry out and human factors. This document specifies how information is arranged and displayed.
All assessments based on the normative requirements of this document are applicable mainly to:
— symbols provided by Annex A;
— arrangement of screen areas conform with Figure 1 (generic organization of information);
— colours, fonts;
— audible information.
This document is applicable to the following aspects:
— legibility and intelligibility of displayed information: general rules concerning the layout of
information on the displays, including character size and spacing;
— definition of harmonized colours, symbols, etc.;
— definition of harmonized principles for the command interface (by physical or touchscreen buttons):
size, symbols, reaction time, way to give feedback to the driver, etc.;
— general arrangements (dialogue structures, sequences, layout philosophy, colour philosophy),
symbols, audible information, data entry arrangements.
NOTE If this document deals with how information can be given for operation and in degraded situations, it does not define operating rules and degraded situations.
This document does not request any safety requirement related with displayed information.
This document specifies minimum requirements and does not prevent innovative solutions.
Requirements describing the functions using the display are out of scope of this document.

This document specifies a test procedure for determination of the size of industrial radiographic gamma sources of 0,5 mm or greater, made from the radionuclides Iridium 192, Ytterbium 169, Selenium 75 or Cobalt 60, by a radiography method with X-rays. The source size of a gamma radiation source is an important factor which affects the image quality of gamma ray images.
The source size is determined with an accuracy of ±10 % but typically not better than ±0,1 mm.
The source size is provided by the manufacturer as the mechanical dimension of the source insert. A measurement can be required if the manufacturing process is validated or monitored after implementation of the source into the holder.
This document can be used for other radionuclides after validation.
The standard test method ASTM E1114 provides further information on the measurement of the Ir-192 source size, the characterization of the source shape, and its correct assembly and packaging.

IEC 63522-10:2025 is used for testing along with the appropriate severities and conditions for measurements and tests designed to assess the ability of DUTs to perform under expected conditions of transportation, storage and all aspects of operational use.
This document defines a standard test method for heating.

IEC TS 60815-2:2025, which is a technical specification, is applicable for the selection of ceramic and glass insulators for AC systems, and the determination of their relevant dimensions, to be used in high-voltage systems with respect to pollution. This document applies to insulators for outdoor installation only.
This document gives specific guidelines and principles to arrive at an informed judgement on the probable behaviour of a given insulator in certain pollution environments.
The basis for the structure and approach of this document is fully explained in IEC TS 60815­-1.
The objective of this document is to give the user means to:
- determine the reference unified specific creepage distance (RUSCD) from site pollution severity (SPS) value or class;
- evaluate the suitability of different insulator profiles;
- determine the necessary USCD by applying corrections for insulator shape, size, position, etc. to the RUSCD;
- if required, determine the appropriate test methods and parameters to verify the performance of the selected insulators.
This second edition of IEC TS 60815-2, together with IEC TS 60815-1, cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC TS 60815-2 published in 2008. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Some terms and definitions are modified or introduced in this document, such as USCD, nominal creepage distance, RUSCD, creepage factor, insulator trunk, etc.;
b) From RUSCD of reference insulator to USCD of candidate insulator, the correction factors are introduced and revised, such as altitude correction, diameter correction, shed profile correction and parallel insulator number correction;
c) Profile suitability on ceramic and glass insulators was simplified.

IEC 63409-3:2025 specifies test procedures for confirming the basic operational characteristics of power conversion equipment (PCE) for use in photovoltaic (PV) power systems with or without energy storage. The basic operational characteristics are the capability of the PCE before any limitations due to internal settings are applied to the PCE to meet specific grid support functions or specific behaviours against abnormal changes.
This document covers the testing of the following items:
a) Steady state characteristics
Test procedures to confirm operable range of PCE at steady state condition are described. The operable ranges in apparent power, active power, reactive power, power factor, grid voltage and grid frequency are confirmed according to the test procedures.
b) Transient-response characteristics
Test procedures to confirm PCE’s response against a change of operational condition are described.
This document only considers the changes within normal (continuous) operable ranges. Therefore, the behaviours against abnormal changes and grid support functions are out of the scope and are covered in other parts of this series.

IEC TS 60815-3:2025, which is a technical specification, is applicable for the selection of polymeric insulators for AC systems, and the determination of their relevant dimensions, to be used in high voltage systems with respect to pollution. The specification applies to insulators for outdoor installation only.
This document gives specific guidelines and principles to arrive at an informed judgement on the probable behaviour of a given insulator in certain pollution environment.
The contents of this document are based on CIGRE TB 158 and CIGRE TB 361, which form a useful complement to this document for those wishing to study in greater depth the performance of insulators under pollution.
This document does not deal with the effects of snow or ice on polluted insulators. Although this subject is dealt with by CIGRE TB 158, current knowledge is very limited and practice is too diverse.
The objective of this document is to give the user means to
- determine the reference unified specific creepage distance (RUSCD) from site pollution severity (SPS) value or class,
- choose appropriate profiles,
- apply correction factors for altitude, insulator shape, size and position, etc. to the RUSCD.
This second edition of IEC TS 60815-3, together with IEC TS 60815-1, cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC TS 60815-3:2008. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Terms and definitions are modified or introduced in this document;
b) From RUSCD of reference insulator to USCD of candidate insulator, the correction factors are introduced and revised, such as altitude correction, diameter correction, shed profile correction and - parallel insulator number correction;
d) The general guidance on materials is revised. The concept of hydrophobicity transfer and hydrophobicity transfer material (HTM) are introduced, recognising that a reduced creepage distance may be used for HTM insulators.

IEC 62351-7:2025 defines network and system management (NSM) data object models that are specific to power system operations. These NSM data objects will be used to monitor the health of networks and systems, to detect possible security intrusions, and to manage the performance and reliability of the information infrastructure. The goal is to define a set of abstract objects that will allow the remote monitoring of the health and condition of IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Devices), RTUs (Remote Terminal Units), DERs (Distributed Energy Resources) systems and other systems that are important to power system operations.
Power systems operations are increasingly reliant on information infrastructures, including communication networks, IEDs, and self-defining communication protocols. Therefore, management of the information infrastructure has become crucial to providing the necessary high levels of security and reliability in power system operations.
The telecommunication infrastructure that is in use for the transport of telecontrol and automation protocols is already subject to health and condition monitoring control, using the concepts developed in the IETF Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) standards for network management. However, power system specific devices (like teleprotection, telecontrol, substation automation, synchrophasors, inverters and protections) need instead a specific solution for monitoring their health.
The NSM objects provide monitoring data for IEC protocols used for power systems (IEC 61850, IEC 60870-5-104) and device specific environmental and security status. As a derivative of IEC 60870-5-104, IEEE 1815 DNP3 is also included in the list of monitored protocols. The NSM data objects use the naming conventions developed for IEC 61850, expanded to address NSM issues. For the sake of generality these data objects, and the data types of which they are comprised, are defined as abstract models of data objects.
In addition to the abstract model, in order to allow the integration of the monitoring of power system devices within the NSM environment in this part of IEC 62351, a mapping of objects to the SNMP protocol of Management Information Base (MIBs) is provided.
The objects that are already covered by existing MIBs are not defined here but are expected to be compliant with existing MIB standards. For example protocols including EST, SCEP, RADIUS, LDAP, GDOI are not in scope.
This edition of IEC 62351-7 cancels and replaces IEC 62351-7 published in 2017. This new edition constitutes a technical revision and includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC 62351-7:
a) Reviewed and enriched the NSM object data model;
b) UML model adopted for NSM objects description;
c) SNMP protocol MIBs translation included as Code Components

IEC 62037-6:2021 defines the test fixtures and procedures recommended for measuring levels of passive intermodulation generated by antennas, typically used in wireless communication systems. The purpose is to define qualification and acceptance test methods for antennas for use in low intermodulation (low IM) applications. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2013. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a. dynamic testing requirements updated to define impact energy and locations to apply impacts to devices under test

IEC TR 62284:2025 which is a Technical Report, applies to single-mode optical fibres. Its object is to document the methods for measuring the effective area (Aeff) of these fibres. It defines three methods of measuring Aeff. Information common to all the methods is found in the body of this document. Information specific to each method is found in the annexes. The three methods are:
a) direct far-field (DFF);
b) variable aperture in the far-field (VAMFF);
c) near-field (NF).
The reference method, used to resolve disputes, is method A, direct far-field.
Effective area is an optical attribute that is specified for single-mode fibres and used in system designs probably affected by the non-linear refractive index coefficient, n2. There is agreement in both national and international standards bodies concerning the definition used in this document. Methods A, B, and C have been recognised as providing equivalent results, provided that good engineering is used in implementation.
The direct far-field is the reference method because it is the most direct method and is named as the reference method for mode field diameter in IEC 60793-1-45 and ITU-T Recommendation G.650.1.
A mapping function is a formula by which the measured results of one attribute are used to predict the value of another attribute on a given fibre. For a given fibre type and design, the mode field diameter (MFD) (IEC 60793-1-45) can be used to predict the effective area with a mapping function. A mapping function is specific to a particular fibre type and design. Mapping functions are generated by doing an experiment in which a sample of fibre is chosen to represent the spectrum of values of MFD and in which the fibres in the sample are measured for both MFD and Aeff. Linear regression can be used to determine the fitting coefficient, k, as defined by the following:
NOTE 1 Other mathematical models can be used if they are generally more accurate.
NOTE 2 See Annex E for more information.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2003. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) improvement of the description of measurement details for B-657 fibre;
b) modification of the minimum distance between the fibre end and the detector for the direct far field scan (Annex A);
c) deletion of Annex H.