Source for standards, engineering specifications, manuals and technical publications

This document provides background information, rationale, and technical guidance supporting the 15427 series of standards and technical specifications for wheel/rail friction management. It is intended for users who are unfamiliar with friction management, those who are involved in specifying friction management materials and/or application equipment for trainborne or trackside application, or those who are responsible for vehicle or track maintenance. Users also include the friction management supply industry.
Key items described in this document include:
— Fundamental principles of the wheel/rail interface, adhesion, friction behaviour, and common issues such as noise, wear, corrugation, and low adhesion.
— The purpose, function, and performance of friction management materials, including flange lubricants, top of rail materials, and adhesion enhancers.
— An overview of trackside and trainborne application technologies, including equipment options, selection criteria, and operational factors.
— General guidance on maintenance, operational strategy, environmental considerations, and safe implementation of friction management systems.
Testing and trialling methods, and performance considerations for evaluating friction management solutions.
Overall, the document acts as a technical reference for understanding the rationale behind requirements, correct application of friction management solutions, and their role in achieving safe, reliable, and efficient railway operations.

This part of IEC 61076 specifies circular connectors with bayonet locking size B12, B17, B23 and B40, typically used for power, signal and data transmissions in industrial applications.
These connectors consist of fixed and free connectors either rewirable or non-rewirable.
NOTE B indicates that the connector is equipped with bayonet locking, while 12, 17, 23, 40 are the approximate dimensions in millimetres of the contact carrier diameter of these circular connectors.
Power contacts of male connectors are round contacts with Ø 1 mm, Ø 1,5 mm, Ø 1,8 mm, Ø 2,25 mm and Ø 4 mm, with current ratings up to 64 A per pole and rated voltage of 50 V, 300 V or 600 V AC/DC. Power contact groups are classified by type and identified throughout this document as “P” followed by two digits “01” through “09” (see 4.3, Table 1).
Signal contacts of male connectors are round contacts with Ø 1 mm and Ø 1,8 mm, with current ratings up to 20 A per pole and rated voltage of 50 V AC/DC. Signal contact groups are classified by type and identified throughout this document as “S” followed by “0”, “1”, or “2” (see 4.3, Table 2).
Male data contacts are round with Ø 0,8 mm and Ø 1 mm, with current ratings up to 4 A and rated voltage of 50 V AC/DC, Data modules are classified by type and identified throughout this document as “D” followed by “1”, or “2” (see 4.3, Table 3). D1 modules provide data transmission with frequencies from 1 MHz to 100 MHz; D2 modules provide data transmission with frequencies from 0,1 MHz to 600 MHz.
Besides the size of their bayonet locking (B12, B17, B23 or B40), connectors according to this document can be identified by data module (D) and complementing power (P) and signal (S) contact groups and optionally by number of poles, and finally by their application.
These connectors are designated for two main target applications, which differ as follows:
– Application A is for data transmission with power over data.
– Application B is for data transmission without power over data.
Connectors with power, signal and data contacts of the same gender are intended to also transmit power over the data contacts (application A), while connectors with data contacts not of the same gender of power and signal contacts are not intended to transmit power over the data contacts (application B).
The codings provided by this document prevent the mating to any other connector with similarly sized interfaces covered by this document.

This document gives guidance to the design of ventilative cooling systems while referring to relevant standards to ensure coherence and avoiding overlapping. In this document different design approaches for use of natural, mechanical or hybrid ventilative cooling can be found, starting at the feasibility phase before going into the design phase. In addition, this document gives guidance on where to find additional information on the design, calculation and maintenance of such systems.
This document is applicable to buildings specified according to the thermal indoor environmental aspects used for human occupancy where production processes don’t have a major impact on the indoor environmental quality. This document is applicable to residential and non-residential buildings.
This document applies to all types of buildings: new and retrofit, residential and non-residential.
This document is applicable to:
-   mechanical ventilative cooling
-   natural ventilative cooling
-   hybrid ventilative cooling
-   airing as a supplement to ventilative cooling specifically relevant during e.g. power failures
-   supplementary free cooling as a supplement to ventilative cooling
The design of supplementary free cooling systems and active cooling systems are not part of the normative part of the document. However, the interface between ventilative cooling systems and supplementary free cooling systems as well as the interface between ventilative cooling and active cooling systems are mentioned informatively.
Design of ventilative cooling systems commonly considers other aspects like energy use, acoustic, draught, solar gain control, outdoor air quality, user acceptance, burglary and cleaning and maintenance, though these are not covered in detail in this document.
This document only covers temperature control.
This document does not apply to:
-   moisture control
-   waterborne
-   heat losses.

IEC/IEEE 62395-1:2024 specifies requirements for electrical resistance trace heating systems and includes general test requirements. This first edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes, apart from general revisions of IEC 62395-1 and harmonization with IEEE 515 [1] and IEEE 515.1 [2], with respect to the previous edition: a) Added control and monitoring requirements for fire sprinkler systems and safety showers. b) Provided a supplemental ice bath method for verification of rated output. c) Provided constructional and type test requirements for glands used to terminate heating devices to an exposed enclosure.

IEC/IEEE 62395-2:2024 provides detailed recommendations for the system design, installation, maintenance and repair of electrical resistance trace heating systems in industrial and commercial applications. This document does not include or provide for any applications in potentially explosive atmospheres. This standard cancels and replaces IEC 62395-2:2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This standard includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC 62395-2:2013: a) Design considerations for trace heating on sprinkler systems have been expanded and a figure has been added to illustrate how to avoid undue shadowing of spray patterns from insulated sprigs close to sprinkler heads; b) Specific details of design considerations for trace heating for emergency eyewash units and safety showers have been added.

This part of IEC 62146 includes generalities of capacitors used on alternating current circuitbreakers and introduces specifications for grading capacitors. Regarding grading capacitors, their function is to control the voltage distribution across the individual interrupter units of a multi-break circuit-breaker.
Capacitors can also be used in parallel to the interrupter unit on single break circuit-breakers to modify the Transient Recovery Voltage (TRV). This TRV capacitor application is covered by IEC 62146-2:2023.
Capacitors for high-voltage alternating circuit breakers are sub-components for the circuitbreaker and are specified in accordance with the circuit-breaker specifications according to IEC 62271-1, IEC 62271-100, and if applicable to IEC 62271-203.
This document applies to grading capacitors falling into one or both of the following categories for:
− mounting on air-insulated circuit-breakers.
− mounting on enclosed circuit-breakers (for example immersed in insulating gas, in oil, etc.).
The testing for each of the above applications is in some cases different.
The object of this document is:
− to define uniform rules regarding performances, testing and rating;
− to define specific safety rules;
− to provide a guidance for installation and operation.
NOTE CIGRÉ TB-368 presents a study about the operating environment of voltage grading capacitors applied to high-voltage circuit-breakers (see [2]1).
This document does not apply to capacitors not directly associated with high-voltage alternating current circuit-breakers.

This part of IEC 60679 describes the general properties, performance characteristics and usage precautions for quartz crystal oscillators. This document mainly describes crystal oscillators, but some descriptions also apply to oscillators other than crystal units (e.g. MEMS resonators).

This part of IEC 63287 gives guidelines for the development of reliability qualification plans using the early failure assessment, based on the environmental conditioning and
proposed usage of the product. This document is not intended for military- and spacerelated applications.

IEC 62047-56:2026 specifies the requirements and test method for characteristics of MEMS metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) type gas sensor.

IEC/IEEE 60880:2026 provides requirements for the software of computer-based systems of nuclear power plants performing functions of safety category A as defined by IEC 61226. As an IEC/IEEE standard developed according to the Dual Logo Agreement, when used within the context of IEEE, this document is considered to provide an acceptable set of requirements for achieving the quality and dependability objectives for the software used in IEEE Class 1E safety systems, subsystems and components.
According to the definition in IEC 61513, I&C systems of safety class 1 are intended to support category A functions, but can also support functions of lower categories. However the system requirements are always determined by the functions of the highest category implemented.
For software of I&C system performing only category B and C functions in NPP as defined by IEC 61226, the requirements and guidance of IEC 62138 are applicable.
This document provides requirements for the purpose of achieving highly dependable software. It addresses each stage of software generation and documentation, including requirements specification, design, implementation, verification and validation testing.
This is the first edition developed according to the IEC/IEEE Dual Logo Agreement. This edition cancels and replaces the second IEC edition published in 2006. It constitutes a technical revision.
The revision of the standard is intended to accomplish the following:
- To take into account the fact that software engineering techniques advanced significantly in the intervening years.
- To align the standard with the new IAEA document SSG-39.
- To align as far as possible the definitions in the standard with the International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA Nuclear Safety and Security Glossary, 2022 (Interim) Edition, IAEA, Vienna (2022).
- To adapt the requirements associated with standards published or revised since the second edition of IEC 60880, especially IEC 61513, IEC 61226, IEC 62138, IEC 60987, IEC 62340, IEC 62645 and IEC 62671.
- To review the existing requirements.

IEC TR 62240-2:2026 focuses on original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) using commercial off the shelf (COTS) semiconductor microcircuits for high performance, high reliability and long duration applications. This document supports OEMs in the preparation and maintenance of their semiconductor electronic component management plan (ECMP). IEC TR 62240-2:2026 describes a process and a method for selecting digital semiconductor microcircuits by ensuring that their lifetime is compatible with the requirements of aerospace, defence and high performance (ADHP) applications (generally in connection with functional environments). Methods and guidelines are provided to assess the long-term reliability of COTS semiconductor microcircuits in such applications; they mainly apply during the electronic design phase when selecting semiconductor microcircuits and assessing the application reliability. Moreover, this document focuses on the intrinsic wear-out and the lifetime of COTS semiconductor microcircuits processed of less than or equal to 90 nm feature size (also called deep sub-micron (DSM) semiconductor microcircuits) and puts aside, at this time, packaging wear-out and random failure mechanisms. In this view, physics of failure (PoF) is at the heart of the approach.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) introduction of an additional alternative path and approach where lifetime is assessed by the original component manufacturer based on user or original equipment manufacturer microcircuit mission profile;
b) update of Figure 1 with regard to the introduction of the additional alternative path & approach;
c) removal of the mention of SiC & GaN technologies from the considerations in 4.2.2 as the Scope indicates that the principles (process and method) described in this document can be applied to all types of semiconductor technologies.

This part of IEC 60679 describes the general properties, performance characteristics and usage precautions for quartz crystal oscillators. This document mainly describes crystal oscillators, but some descriptions also apply to oscillators other than crystal units (e.g. MEMS resonators).

This document provides requirements and guidance on the provision, arrangement, operation, management, use and design of port waste reception facilities (PRFs). In doing so, it provides a method for addressing ship-generated waste, cargo residues and operational residues at ports when the waste and residues are offloaded from the ship. This document addresses principles and issues on: the development of a port waste management strategy; the design and operation of PRF; PWMP development, implementation and compliance; and PRF management and accountability. This document is designed to be used by ports and terminals with existing PRFs that aim to refine their systems. It can also be used by new ports and terminals that are developing PRFs. This document has been designed to be used by ports and terminals of any size. It does not give specifics on the size or location of a PRF in each port, but provides a list of principles to be considered and applied to any size of type of port or terminal (e.g. marina, fishing port, container terminal, oil terminal, roll on/roll off terminal, cruise terminal, ferry terminal, bulk or general cargo terminal, ship repair or recycling facility, and offshore terminal). NOTE For inland ports and marinas and those ports that have entered regional arrangements for the provision of a PRF for inland operated vessels, refer to ISO 24146-2.