IEC - International Electrotechnical Commission

IEC 63461:2024 applies to laboratory model tests of any type of Pelton hydraulic turbine with unit power greater than 5 MW. It contains the rules governing test conduct and provides measures to be taken if any phase of the tests is disputed.
The main objectives of this document are:
- to define the terms and quantities used;
- to specify methods of testing and of measuring the quantities involved, in order to ascertain the hydraulic performance of the model;
- to specify the methods of computation of results and of comparison with guarantees;
- to determine if the contract guarantees that fall within the scope of this document have been fulfilled;
- and to define the extent, content and structure of the final report.
Full application of the procedures herein described is not generally justified for machines with smaller power. Nevertheless, this document can be used for such machines by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.

IEC TR 62282-7-3:2025 is a generic assessment of the feasibility of standardizing accelerated test procedures (both proton exchange membrane (PEM) and oxide ion-conducting solid oxide cell (SOC) technologies) for fuel cell stacks that have been engineered for a specific system application. This document comprises a review of literature and projects, a discussion of the main physical phenomena of interest in accelerated testing campaigns (focusing on the cell and stack levels, not looking at the system as a black box), a compendium of measurement techniques that are applicable, and it suggests a macroscopic approach to the formulation of a representative accelerated testing campaign.

IEC TR 63515:2025 provides a conceptual framework for power system resilience. It covers the definition, evaluation metrics and methods, improvement strategies and uses cases of power system resilience. This document is applicable to developing resilient power system and implementing resilience improvement strategies.
This document is not exhaustive, and it is possible to consider other aspects, such as different application scenarios, evaluation methods, and improvement measures.

IEC TR 61850-90-30:2025, which is a Technical Report, describes extensions of the SCL Substation/Process Section allowing the creation of a comprehensive, IED and hardware independent specification of an IEC 61850 based power system.
It addresses how to:
• decompose functions in SCL
• show function classifications in SCL
• relate functions with the SCL Substation and Process Section
• relate functions to Logical Nodes and IEDs/Specification IEDs
• present information flow between functions in a hardware/implementation independent way
• position Functions in relation to "Application Schemes", "Distributed Functions", "Protection Schemes"
• consider the relationship to Basic Application Profiles (BAP) defined in IEC TR 61850-7-6
The document addresses the engineering process as far as it is related to the specification of Functions and their instantiation in IEC 61850 based power system. This includes the impact on the SCL Process Section during system configuration.
The engineering process related to the definition of Applications and their instantiation is addressed in the Basic Application Profile Document (BAP) in IEC TR 61850-7-6.
The System Configuration process is described in IEC 61850-6.
Modifications and extensions of SCL are done in a way to guarantee backwards compatibility.
In addition, this document introduces:
• Some further elements to SCL that improve the content and usefulness of SSD files and facilitate the handling of SCL files for engineering purposes,
• New variants of IED specific files: ISD file and FSD files,
• Evolution of the engineering rights management, to first improve the usage of SED and add a new concept of System Configuration Collaboration (SCC file) which allows collaboration on the same project with different engineers.

IEC PAS 62443-2-2: 2025 provides guidance on the development, validation, operation, and maintenance of a set of technical, physical, and process security measures called Security Protection Scheme (SPS). The document’s goal is to provide the asset owner implementing an IACS Security Program (SP) with mechanisms and procedures to ensure that the design, implementation and operation of an SPS manage the risks resulting from cyberthreats to each of the IACS included in its operating facility.
The document is based on contents specified in other documents of the IEC 62443 series and explains how these contents can be used to support the development of technical, physical, and process security measures addressing the risks to the IACS during the operation phase.

IEC TS 62271-315:2025 is applicable to direct current (DC) transfer switches designed for indoor or outdoor installation and for operation on HVDC transmission systems having direct voltages of 100 kV and above. DC transfer switches normally include metallic return transfer switches (MRTS), earth return transfer switches (ERTS), neutral bus switches (NBS) and neutral bus earthing switches (NBES).

IEC 60050-831:2025 gives the terms and definitions used in smart cities and smart city systems, as well as general terms pertaining to specific applications and associated technologies. This terminology is consistent with the terminology developed in the other specialized parts of the IEV. It has the status of a horizontal standard in accordance with IEC Guide 108.

ISO/IEC TR 30189-1:2025 describes a framework for the use of IoT technology for management of tangible cultural heritage assets, which includes the associated functional entities and information flows.

IEC 62282-7-2:2025 applies to SOFC cell/stack assembly units, testing systems, instruments and measuring methods, and specifies test methods to test the performance of SOFC cells and stacks. This document is not applicable to small button cells that are designed for SOFC material testing and provide no practical means of fuel utilization measurement. This document is used based on the recommendation of the entity that provides the cell performance specification or for acquiring data on a cell or stack in order to estimate the performance of a system based on it. Users of this document can selectively execute test items suitable for their purposes from those described in this document.

IEC 62276:2025 applies to the manufacture of synthetic quartz, lithium niobate (LN), lithium tantalate (LT), lithium tetraborate (LBO), and lanthanum gallium silicate (LGS) single crystal wafers intended for use as substrates in the manufacture of surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters and resonators.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) The terms and definitions, the technical requirements, sampling frequency, test methods and measurement of transmittance, lightness, colour difference for LN and LT have been added in order to meet the needs of industry development;
b) The term “inclusion” (mentioned in 4.13 and 6.10) and its definition have been added because there was no definition for it in Clause 3;
c) The specification of LTV and PLTV, and the corresponding description of sampling frequency for LN and LT have been added, because they are the key performance parameters for the wafers;
d) The tolerance of Curie temperature specification for LN and LT have been added in order to meet the development requirements of the industry;
e) Measurement of thickness, TV5, TTV, LTV and PLTV have been completed, including measurement principle and method of thickness, TV5, TTV, LTV and PLTV.

IEC 61000-4-2: 2025 relates to the immunity requirements and test methods for electrical and electronic equipment subjected to static electricity discharges from operators directly and from personnel to adjacent objects. It additionally specifies ranges of test levels which relate to different environmental, and installation conditions and establishes test procedures. The objective of this document is to establish a common and reproducible basis for evaluating the performance of electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to electrostatic discharges. In addition, it includes electrostatic discharges which can occur from personnel to objects near the equipment. This document specifies:
- ideal waveform of the discharge current;
- range of test levels;
- test equipment;
- test setup;
- test procedure;
- calibration procedure;
- measurement uncertainty.
This document gives specifications for tests performed in laboratories and guidance to post-installation tests. This document is not intended to specify the tests to be applied to particular apparatus or systems. The main aim is to give a general basic reference to all concerned product committees. The product committees remain responsible for the appropriate choice of the tests and the severity level to be applied to their equipment. This document excludes tests intended to evaluate the ESD sensitivity of devices during handling and packaging. It is not intended for use in characterizing the performance of ESD protection circuit IEC Guide 107.
This document forms Part 4-2 of IEC 61000. It has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2008. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) added a calibration requirement for ESD generators with air discharge tip;
b) added a normative annex for test setups for particular kind of equipment (see Annex I);
c) added an informative annex for wearable devices (see Annex J);
d) added an informative annex on how to select test points and give guidance on how to specify the number of pulses for direct contact discharges (see Annex E);
e) moved Clause 9 into a new informative annex (see Annex K);
f) improvement of the current calibration procedure;
g) improvement of the measurement uncertainty considerations with examples of uncertainty budgets;
h) because post-installation tests cannot be performed in a controlled environment, this test method has been moved into a new informative Annex G.

IEC 61753-086-02:2025 contains the minimum initial performance, test and measurement requirements and severities which a fibre optic pigtailed 1 490/1 550 nm downstream and 1 310 nm upstream wide wavelength division multiplexing (WWDM) passive optical network (PON) device will satisfy in order to be categorized as meeting the requirements of category C (indoor controlled environment), as defined in IEC 61753-1:2018, Annex A. WWDM is defined in IEC 62074-1. Annex B gives general information for these PON WWDM devices.
This first edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 61753-086-2 published in 2009. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Change of test conditions harmonizing with IEC 61753-1: 2018.

IEC TS 62453-53-31:2025 provides information for integrating the PROFIBUS[1] technology into the CLI-based implementation of FDT interface specification (IEC TS 62453-43).
This document specifies implementation of communication and other services based on IEC 62453‑303-1.
This document neither contains the FDT specification nor modifies it.
[1] PROFIBUS™ is a trade name of the non-profit organization PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation e.V. (PNO). This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by IEC of the trade name holder or any of its products. Compliance to this document does not require use of the registered logos for PROFIBUS™. Use of the registered logos for PROFIBUS™ requires permission of PNO.

IEC 62841-1:2024 Amendment 1

IEC 60050-726:2025 gives the terms and definitions for the wide area of transmission lines and waveguides and the related technologies, from the physics to their applications representing the present state-of-the–art. This new edition reviews and complements the previous one. It has the status of a horizontal standard in accordance with IEC Guide 108.
This terminology is consistent with the terminology developed in the other specialized parts of the IEV.
This horizontal publication is primarily intended for use by technical committees in the preparation of IEC publications in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 108.
One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of horizontal publications in the preparation of its publications.

IEC 60794-1-307:2025 describes test procedures used in establishing uniform requirements of tubes for the mechanical property kinking. This document applies to optical fibre cables for use with telecommunication equipment and devices employing similar techniques, and to cables having a combination of both optical fibres and electrical conductors. Throughout the document, the wording "optical cable" can also include optical fibre units, microduct fibre units, etc. This first edition partially cancels and replaces the second edition of IEC 60794‑1-23 published in 2019. This edition constitutes a technical revision.This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC 60794‑1‑23:2019:
a) renumbering of the existing test method G7 as G7A;
b) addition of test parameter L and calculated loop diameter D in Table 1 for method G7A;
c) addition of a new test procedure for tubes routed within installation devices and numbering it as G7B.

IEC 62841-1:2014 deals with the safety of electric motor-operated or magnetically driven:
- hand-held tools (IEC 62841-2);
- transportable tools (IEC 62841-3);
- lawn and garden machinery (IEC 62841-4). The above listed categories are hereinafter referred to as "tools" or "machines". The rated voltage is not more than 250 V for single-phase a.c. or d.c. tools, and 480 V for three-phase a.c. tools. The rated input is not more than 3 700 W. The limits for the applicability of this standard for battery tools are given in K.1 and L.1. This standard deals with the hazards presented by tools which are encountered by all persons in the normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse of the tools. Tools with electric heating elements are within the scope of this standard. Hand-held electric tools, which can be mounted on a support or working stand for use as fixed tools without any alteration of the tool itself, are within the scope of this standard and such combination of a hand-held tool and a support is considered to be a transportable tool and thus covered by the relevant Part 3. This standard is scheduled to cancel and replace the fourth edition of IEC 60745-1, published in 2006, the first edition of IEC 61029-1, published in 1990, and the fifth edition of IEC 60335-1, published in 2010, only with respect to requirements concerning lawn and garden machinery. The latter publications remain valid until they are withdrawn. This standard constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the fourth edition of IEC 60745-1:
- requirements in various clauses introduced or modified in order to include the requirements for transportable tools and lawn and garden machinery (formerly covered by IEC 61029-1 and IEC 60335-1);
- leakage current test and electric strength test moved from former Clauses 13 and 15 to Annexes C and D;
- former Clauses 29, 30 and 31 renumbered to become Clauses 6, 13 and 15;
- requirements for electronic safety critical functions added to Clause 18;
- requirements for switches revised and moved from Annex I to Clause 23;
- clarifications in respect to soft materials (elastomers) added to Clauses 9, 19 and 13;
- test finger in Figure 1 of IEC 60745-1 and test probe in Figure 2 of IEC 60745-1 replaced by references to basic IEC standards;
- requirements for Li-Ion battery systems added to Annexes K and L and Annex M was removed. Key words: Tools, Electric-Motor-Operated, Hand held, Transportable, Lawn and Garden The contents of the corrigenda of May 2014 and of October 2015 have been included in this copy.

IEC TR 62899-250:2025 explores a new technological field to establish standardization activities in TC 119 (Printed electronics) in particular, and to contribute to the development and market expansion of wearable smart device (WSD) technology.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) added classification of e-textile integrated type;
b) added Clause 5, “Verification of conclusions in IEC TR 62899-250:2016 (edition 1)”;
c) added explanation of 3D printed circuits;
d) introduced trends in standardization activities, especially those after the first edition publication;
e) added new issues that became clear after the first edition was published.

IEC TR 63381:2025 brings clarification and guidance concerning the assessment of the UV emission output of UV appliances in the field with respect of the type-testing requirements of IEC 60335‑2‑27:2024, Clause 32.

IEC 63211-2-23:2025 specifies testing methods and environmental conditions for evaluating durability of displays to be installed outdoor, which covers exposure to solar radiation and rain.

IEC 62933-4-2:2025 defines the requirements for evaluating and reporting the negative impact on the environment caused by the failure of a cell, flow cell, battery or flow battery in the accumulation subsystem of a battery energy storage system (BESS).
The batteries within this scope used in a BESS are classified according to the type of their electrolyte. These electrolyte types are aqueous, non-aqueous or solid.
The environmental impacts directly caused by the failure of other components of the BESS are not within the scope of this document.

IEC 63522-36:2025 is used for testing all kinds of relays and evaluates their ability to perform under expected conditions of transportation, storage, and all aspects of operational use.
This document defines a standard test method to measure fire hazards of all materials susceptible to fire hazards.

IEC 62841-2-17: 2024 Amendment 1

IEC 62841-2-14: 2024 Amendment

IEC 63522-39:2025 is used for testing all kind of relays and shall evaluate their ability to perform under expected conditions of transportation, storage and all aspects of operational use.
This document defines standard test methods for:
1. measuring the insertion and withdrawal forces of the mating relay and socket;
2. measuring the insertion and withdrawal forces on relays with flat quickconnect terminations;
3. verifying the correct connection of flat terminals with eye lug connectors.

IEC 62841-2-4:2014 applies to hand-held sanders and polishers with the exception of disc-type tools covered by IEC 62841-2-3. Tools covered by this standard include but are not limited to belt sanders, drum sanders or polishers, reciprocating sanders or polishers, orbital sanders or polishers and random orbit sanders or polishers. The rated voltage is not more than 250 V for single-phase a.c. or d.c. tools, and 480 V for three-phase a.c. tools. The rated input is not more than 3 700 W. The limits for the applicability of this standard for battery tools is given in Annex K. This standard deals with the hazards presented by tools which are encountered by all persons in the normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse of the tools. Hand-held electric tools, which can be mounted on a support or working stand for use as fixed tools without any alteration of the tool itself, are within the scope of this standard and such combination of a hand-held tool and a support is considered to be a transportable tool and thus covered by the relevant Part 3. The attention of National Committees is drawn to the fact that equipment manufacturers and testing organizations may need a transitional period following publication of a new, amended or revised IEC publication in which to make products in accordance with the new requirements and to equip themselves for conducting new or revised tests. It is the recommendation of the committee that the content of this publication be adopted for implementation nationally not earlier than 36 months from the date of publication. Key words: Sander, Polisher, Belt, Drum Orbital, Reciprocating, Random Orbit
This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 62841-1:2014. The contents of the corrigendum of October 2015 have been included in this copy.

IEC 62841-2-17:2017 applies to routers intended for cutting slots into or shaping the edge of various materials. The rated voltage is not more than 250 V for single-phase a.c. or d.c. tools, and 480 V for three-phase a.c. tools. The rated input is not more than 3 700 W. The limits for the applicability of this standard for battery tools are given in K.1 and L.1. This standard deals with the hazards presented by tools which are encountered by all persons in the normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse of the tools. Hand-held electric tools, which can be mounted on a support or working stand for use as fixed tools without any alteration of the tool itself, are within the scope of this standard and such combination of a hand-held tool and a support is considered to be a transportable tool and thus covered by the relevant Part 3.
This part of IEC 62841 does not apply to jointers.
Routers that are primarily used for trimming the edge of materials are also known as trimmers.
Routers that are used to cut various materials through the rotary action are also known as rotary cutters.
This Part 2-17 is to be used in conjunction with the first edition of IEC 62841-1:2014.
The attention of National Committees is drawn to the fact that equipment manufacturers and testing organizations may need a transitional period following publication of a new, amended or revised IEC publication in which to make products in accordance with the new requirements and to equip themselves for conducting new or revised tests.
It is the recommendation of the committee that the content of this publication be adopted for implementation nationally not earlier than 36 months from the date of publication.

IEC 62541-15:2025 describes a safety communication layer (services and a protocol) for the exchange of SafetyData using IEC 62541 mechanisms. It identifies the principles for functional safety communications defined in IEC 61784‑3 that are relevant for this safety communication layer. This safety communication layer is intended for implementation in safety devices only.
NOTE 1 This document targets controller-to-controller communication. However, easy expandability to other use-cases (e.g. OPC UA field level communication) has already been considered in the design of this document.
NOTE 2 This document does not cover electrical safety and intrinsic safety aspects. Electrical safety relates to hazards such as electrical shock. Intrinsic safety relates to hazards associated with potentially explosive atmospheres.
This document defines mechanisms for the transmission of safety-relevant messages among participants within a network using OPC UA technology in accordance with the requirements of the IEC 61508 series and IEC 61784-3 for functional safety. These mechanisms can be used in various industrial applications such as process control, manufacturing, automation, and machinery.
This document provides guidelines for both developers and assessors of compliant devices and systems.
NOTE 3 The resulting SIL claim of a system depends on the implementation of this document within the system – implementation of this document in a standard device is not sufficient to qualify it as a safety device.

IEC 62841-2-14:2015 applies to hand-held planners the rated voltage is not more than 250 V for single-phase a.c. or d.c. tools, and 480 V for three-phase a.c. tools. The rated input is not more than 3 700 W. The limits for the applicability of this standard for battery tools is given in Annex K. This standard deals with the hazards presented by tools which are encountered by all persons in the normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse of the tools. Hand-held electric tools, which can be mounted on a support or working stand for use as fixed tools without any alteration of the tool itself, are within the scope of this standard and such combination of a hand-held tool and a support is considered to be a transportable tool and thus covered by the relevant Part 3. The attention of National Committees is drawn to the fact that equipment manufacturers and testing organizations may need a transitional period following publication of a new, amended or revised IEC publication in which to make products in accordance with the new requirements and to equip themselves for conducting new or revised tests. It is the recommendation of the committee that the content of this publication be adopted for implementation nationally not earlier than 36 months from the date of publication. Key words: Planner, Hand held, Cutting head
This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 62841-1:2014.

IEC 63522-35:2025 is used for testing all kind of relays within the scope of technical committee 94 and evaluates their ability to perform under expected conditions of transportation, storage and all aspects of operational use.
This document defines a standard test method for resistance to cleaning solvents.

IEC 63522-25:2025 Used for testing along with the appropriate severities and conditions for measurements and tests designed to assess the ability of DUTs to perform under expected conditions of transportation, storage and all aspects of operational use.
This document defines a standard test method to check the magnetic interference between relays under operating conditions and their influence on other relays in the neighbourhood.

IEC 63522-6:2025 is used for testing all kinds of relays and evaluates their ability to perform under expected conditions of transportation, storage, and all aspects of operational use.
This document defines a standard test method to measure contact-circuit resistance or voltage drop.

IEC 62037-1:2025 deals with the general requirements and measuring methods for intermodulation (IM) level measurement of passive RF and microwave components, which can be caused by the presence of two or more transmitting signals. The test procedures given in this document give the general requirements and measurement methods required to characterize the level of unwanted IM signals using two transmitting signals. The IEC 62037 series addresses the measurement of PIM but does not cover the long-term reliability of a product with reference to its performance. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2021. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) added clarification that PIM generation is typically frequency dependent and noted that testing with swept or multiple fixed frequencies often provides more accurate results;
b) identified multi-port PIM analyzers as a possible test set-up topography;
c) added specification that test power level does not exceed the power handling capability of the DUT;
d) updated test specification to include missing parameters needed to properly define a PIM test;
e) added clarification that PIM test reports include the maximum PIM value measured over the test duration;
f) corrected error in Figure 3 that was erroneously changed in IEC 62037-1:2021.

IEC 62902:2025 specifies methods for the clear identification of secondary cells, batteries, battery modules and monoblocs according to their chemistry (electrochemical storage technology).
The markings described in this document are applicable to
- secondary cells,
- batteries,
- battery modules, and
- monoblocs,
when they are placed on the market for end use and when their battery volume exceeds 900 cm3.
The chemistry marking is useful for the installation, operation and decommissioning phases in the battery's life cycle.
This document defines the conditions of use of the markings indicating the chemistry of these secondary batteries.

IEC 61109:2025 applies to composite insulators for overhead lines consisting of a load-bearing cylindrical insulating solid core consisting of fibres - usually glass - in a resin-based matrix, a housing (surrounding the insulating core) made of polymeric material and metal end fittings permanently attached to the insulating core. Composite insulators covered by this document are intended for use as suspension/tension line insulators, but these insulators could occasionally be subjected to compression or bending, for example when used as interphase-spacers. Guidance on such loads is outlined in Annex C.
The object of this document is to:
- define the terms used,
- specify test methods,
- specify acceptance criteria.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2008. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- extension of this document to apply both to AC and DC systems;
- modifications of Clause 3, Terms, definitions and abbreviations;
- removal of Clause 7, Hybrid insulators, from this document;
- modifications of tests procedures recently included in IEC 62217 (hydrophobicity transfer test, stress corrosion, water diffusion test on the core with housing);
- modifications on environmental conditions;
- modifications on classification of tests and include the relevance of the interfaces;
- clarification and modification of the parameters determining the need to repeat design and type tests;
- revision of Table 1;
- revision of electrical type tests;
- revision of re-testing procedure of sample test;
- addition of a new Annex D on electric field control for AC;
- addition of a new Annex E on typical sketch for composite insulators assembly;
- addition of a new Annex F on mechanical evaluation of the adhesion between core and housing;
- addition of a new Annex G on applicability of design- and type tests for DC applications.

IEC 63241-2-14:2025 applies to planers.
This document is to be used in conjunction with the first edition of IEC 63241-1:2023.
This document supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses in IEC 63241-1, so as to convert it into the IEC Standard: Particular requirements for hand-held planers.
Where a particular subclause of IEC 63241-1 is not mentioned in this document, that subclause applies as far as reasonable. Where this document states "addition", "modification" or "replacement", the relevant text in IEC 63241-1 is to be adapted accordingly.

IEC/IEEE 63184:2025 specifies methods to assess human exposure to electromagnetic fields generated by stationary wireless power transfer (WPT) in terms of specific absorption rate (SAR), internal electric fields[1] or current density, and contact currents. The frequency range covered by this document is from 3 kHz to 30 MHz. This document focuses on exposures from inductive WPT systems and specifies:
general compliance assessment procedures; measurement methods; computational assessment methods and assessment combining measurement and computational methods.
This document does not consider the immunity of cardiac implantable electrical devices to radiated disturbances from WPT systems.
This first edition of IEC/IEEE 63184 cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC PAS 63184 published in 2021. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) lower frequency bound changed from 1 kHz to 3 kHz;
b) clarified contact currents as indirect effects in assessment procedures;
c) in measurement methods applied the formulas of SAR and internal electric field;
d) in computational assessment methods added specifications for averaging of current density and internal E-field;
e) updated uncertainty of computational methods;
f) introduced test reporting contents guidance.

IEC 62878-2-603:2025 specifies the electrical test method to detect electrical connectivity defects of the stacked electronic module caused by the stacking assembly process to stack some stackable electronic modules. This method is realized to make use of bidirectional serial communication bus interface applied to the stackable electronic modules which are assured as "known good module" (KGM).

IEC 60335-2-66:2025 deals with the safety of electric water-bed heaters and their associated control units, for household and similar purposes, their rated voltage being not more than 250 V, including direct current (DC) supplied appliances.
Appliances not intended for normal household use, but that nevertheless can be a source of danger to the public, such as appliances intended to be used in hotels, are within the scope of this standard.
As far as is practicable, this standard deals with the common hazards presented by appliances that are encountered by all persons in and around the home. However, in general, it does not take into account
– persons (including children) whose physical, sensory or mental capabilities; or lack of experience and knowledge prevents them from using the appliance safely without supervision or instruction;
– children playing with the appliance.
Attention is drawn to the fact that
– for appliances intended to be used in vehicles or on board ships or in aircraft, additional requirements can be necessary;
– in many countries, additional requirements are specified by the national health authorities, the national authorities responsible for the protection of labour, the national water supply authorities and similar authorities.
This standard does not apply to appliances
– for medical purposes (IEC 60601 series);
– intended for immersion in water during use.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2002, Amendment 1: 2008 and Amendment 2:2011. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) alignment with IEC 60335-1:2020;
b) conversion of some notes to normative text (Clause 1, 19.4, 22.101);
c) clarification of requirements for remote operation (22.40, 22.49, 22.51).
This part 2 is to be used in conjunction with the latest edition of IEC 60335-1 and its amendments unless that edition precludes it; in that case, the latest edition that does not preclude it is used. It was established on the basis of the sixth edition (2020) of that standard.

IEC 61788-27:2025 specifies a test method for the twist pitch measurement of Nb‑Ti/Cu and Nb‑Sn/Cu composite superconductors by an untwisting method.
The test method is applicable to Nb‑Ti/Cu and Nb‑Sn/Cu composite superconducting wires with monolithic structures, which have either a round cross section with a diameter ranging from 0,2 mm to 2 mm or a rectangular cross section that is equivalent in area to the round cross‑sectional wires. These wires possess a filament diameter ranging from 6 µm to 200 µm, a twist pitch between 5 mm and 50 mm, and a matrix of copper or copper alloy. This document uses nitric acid to remove the matrix (copper or copper alloy), so the surface of the composite superconducting wire can be plated with a material that is dissolvable by nitric acid.
Though uncertainty can increase, the method can apply to Nb‑Ti/Cu or Nb‑Sn/Cu composite superconducting wires when the parameters of cross-sectional area, filament diameter and twist pitch are out of the limit.
The test method specified in this document is expected to apply to other types of composite superconducting wires after some appropriate modifications.

IEC 63241-2-22: 2025 applies to hand-held cut-off machines and wall chasers.
This document is to be used in conjunction with the first edition of IEC 63241-1:2023.
This document supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses in IEC 63241-1, so as to convert it into the IEC Standard: Particular requirements for hand-held cut-off machines and wall chasers.
Where a particular subclause of Part 1 is not mentioned in this Part 2-22, that subclause applies as far as relevant. Where this standard states "addition", "modification" or "replacement", the relevant text in Part 1 is to be adapted accordingly.

IEC TS 62876-4-1:2025, which is a Technical Specification, establishes a general reliability testing programme to verify the reliability of the performance of quantum dots nanomaterials, and quantum dot enabled light conversion films (Q-LCFs).
The Q-LCF is used as subassemblies for the fabrication of nano-enabled photoelectrical display devices, mainly liquid crystal display (LCD) currently, with other components.
This testing programme defines standardized aging conditions, methodologies and data assessment for Q-LCF product.
The results of these tests define a stability under standardized aging conditions for quantitative evaluation of the reliability of the Q-LCF.
The procedures specified in this document were designed for Q-LCF but can be extended to serve as a guideline for other kinds of light conversion films or related subassemblies as well.

IEC 62868-1:2020 specifies general safety requirements of OLED products for use on DC supplies up to 1000 V or AC supplies up to 1000 V at 50 Hz or 60 Hz for indoors and similar general lighting purposes.
This document applies to any OLED light sources which are not covered by IEC 62868-2 (all parts).
This first edition cancels and replaces IEC 62868 published in 2014.

IEC 62868-2-3:2021 specifies the safety requirements for flexible organic light emitting diode tiles and panels for use on supplies up to 120 V ripple free DC for indoor and similar general lighting purposes and designed for being bent during the manufacturing process of curved luminaires.

IEC 60884-2-7:2025 applies to cord extension sets, rewirable and non-rewirable, with or without earthing contact, with a rated voltage greater than 50 V but not exceeding 440 V and a rated current not exceeding 16 A, intended for household and similar purposes, either indoors or outdoors. This document does not apply to cord extension sets with means for reeling. Cord extension sets intended to be used as socket-outlets for furniture are additionally covered by IEC 60884‑2‑8. This document also applies to cord extension sets which are intended to be used in a cable reel, and which therefore become cable reels with a detachable flexible cable. For the combination of the cord extension set, the reel requirements and tests of IEC 61242 apply in addition.
Cord extension sets are suitable for use at ambient temperatures not normally exceeding +40 °C, but their average temperature over a period of 24 h does not exceed +35 °C, with a lower limit of the ambient air temperature of −5 °C.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2011, and Amendment 1:2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) alignment to IEC 60884-1, fourth edition.

IEC 60884-2-1:2025 applies to fused plugs, where the fuses are primarily intended to protect the flexible cable connected to the plug. These fuses are not intended to protect appliances or parts of them against overload.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2006. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) alignment to IEC 60884‑1, fourth edition.

IEC 60884-2-2:2025 applies to socket-outlets for AC only, with or without earthing contact, with a rated voltage not exceeding 250 V and a rated current not exceeding 16 A, which are integrated or intended to be incorporated in or fixed to appliances, hereafter referred to as socket-outlets for appliances. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2006. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) alignment to IEC 60884‑1 fourth edition.

IEC 60884-2-6:2025 applies to switched socket-outlets with interlock for AC only, for fixed electrical installations, with or without earthing contact, with rated voltage above 50 V but not exceeding 440 V and a rated current not exceeding 32 A, intended for household and similar purposes, either indoors or outdoors. Switched socket-outlets with interlock according to this document consist of a combination of socket-outlets according to IEC 60884‑1, interlocked with a switch according to IEC 60669‑1 and/or IEC 60669‑2‑1 supplied as a complete accessory. The rated current is limited to 16 A maximum for fixed accessories provided with screwless terminals.
This document does not cover requirements for flush mounting boxes. However, it covers those requirements for surface-type mounting boxes which are necessary for the tests on socket-outlets.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1997. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) alignment to IEC 60884-1, fourth edition.