ISO/FDIS 12945-2

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 12945-2
ISO/TC 38/SC 24 Secretariat: AFNOR
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2019-07-09 2019-10-01
Textiles — Determination of fabric propensity to surface
pilling, fuzzing or matting —
Part 2:
Modified Martindale method

Textiles — Détermination de la propension au boulochage, à l'ébouriffage ou au moutonnement des étoffes

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Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Principle ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2

5 Apparatus ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

6 Auxiliary materials............................................................................................................................................................................................. 7

7 Preparation of test specimens ................................................................................................................................................................ 8

7.1 Pre-treatment of the laboratory sample ........................................................................................................................... 8

7.2 Sampling of test specimens .......................................................................................................................................................... 8

7.3 Number of test specimens ............................................................................................................................................................. 8

7.4 Marking the test specimens ......................................................................................................................................................... 9

8 Conditioning and testing atmosphere ............................................................................................................................................ 9

9 Procedure..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

9.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

9.2 Mounting the test specimens ...................................................................................................................................................... 9

9.2.1 Mounting the test specimen in the specimen holder ....................................................................... 9

9.2.2 Mounting the test specimen on the pilling table .................................................................................. 9

9.3 Pilling test .................................................................................................................................................................................................10

10 Assessment of pilling , fuzzing and matting ...........................................................................................................................10

11 Results ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................10

12 Test report ................................................................................................................................................................................................................10

Annex A (normative) Categories of pilling test .......................................................................................................................................11

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................12

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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38, Textiles, Subcommittee SC 24,

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 12945-2:2000), which has been

— Clause 9: visual assessment of pilling, fuzzing, and matting is carried out according to ISO 12945-4.

A list of all parts in the ISO 12945- series, under the general title Textiles- Determination of the fabric

propensity to surface pilling, fuzzing or matting, can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

Pills are formed when fibres on a fabric surface “tease out” and become entangled during wear. Such

surface deterioration is generally undesirable, but the degree of consumer tolerance for a given level of

Generally, the level of pilling which develops is determined by the rates of the following parallel

The rates of these processes depend on the fibre, yarn and fabric properties. Examples of extreme

situations are found in fabrics containing strong fibres versus fabric containing weak fibres. A

consequence of the strong fibre is a rate of pill formation that exceeds the rate of wear-off. This results

in an increase of pilling with an increase of wear. With a weak fibre the rate of pill formation competes

with the rate of wear-off. This would result in a fluctuation of pilling with an increase of wear. There are

other constructions that the surface fibre wear-off occurs before pill formation. Each of these examples

demonstrates the complexity of evaluating the surface change on different types of fabric.

The ideal laboratory test would accelerate the wear processes a), b) and c) by exactly the same factor

and would be universally applicable to all fibre, yarn and fabric types. No such test has been developed.

However, a test procedure has been established in which fabrics can be ranked in the same order of

The modification to the very widely adopted Martindale abrasion testing machine on which this

part of ISO 12945 is based is described in a publication by H. Knecht: Neue Methode zur Prüfung der

This part of ISO 12945 describes a method for the determination of the resistance to pilling, fuzzing,

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO/DIS 12945-4:2019, Textiles — Determination of fabric propensity to surface pilling, fuzzing or matting

ISO 12947-1:1998, Textiles — Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/DIS 12945-4 and the

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

entangling of fibres into balls (pills) which stand proud of the fabric and are of such density that light

Note 1 to entry: This change can occur during washing, dry cleaning, and/or wearing.

roughing up of the surface fibres and/or teasing out of the fibres from the fabric, which produces a

Note 1 to entry: This change can occur during washing, dry cleaning, and/or wearing.

disorientation of the raising fibres from a napped fabric, which produces a visible surface change

one revolution of the two outer drives of the modified Martindale abrasion machine

completion of the translational movements tracing a Lissajous figure comprising 16 rubs, i.e. 16

revolutions of the two outer drives and 15 revolutions of the inner drive of the Martindale abrasion tester

A circular test specimen is passed over a friction surface comprising the same fabric or, when relevant,

a wool abradant fabric, at a defined force in the form of a Lissajous figure, with the test specimen able

to rotate easily around an axis through its centre, perpendicular to the plane of the test specimen.

Fuzzing, pilling, and matting are assessed visually after defined stages of rub testing.

5.1 Martindale abrasion testing machine, as described in ISO 12947-1, modified in accordance

The test apparatus consists of a base plate carrying the pilling tables and drive mechanism. The drive