ISO/IEC 23000-16:2018
(Main)Information technology — Multimedia application format (MPEG-A) — Part 16: Publish/Subscribe Application Format
Information technology — Multimedia application format (MPEG-A) — Part 16: Publish/Subscribe Application Format
ISO/IEC 23000-16:2018 specifies four formats that are used by parties communicating using the Publish/Subscribe (PubSub) communication model for their multimedia communication purposes. The PubSub parties are: Publisher, Subscriber, Match Service Provider (MSP) and Consumer and the formats employed are Resource Information (RI), Publication Information (PI), Subscription Information (SI) and Notification Information (NI). ISO/IEC 23000-16:2018 specifies RI, PI, SI and NI in such a way that typical multimedia communication requirements can be supported. The following is a non-exhaustive list of such requirements. - The Publisher can - describe the Resource for consumption purposes, - define the contract that will bind the Publisher and a Consumer, - request a device to report use of the Resource, - describe the Resource for distribution purposes, - define the contract that will bind the Publisher and a Match Service Provider (MSP) of a match involving the Publication, and - request the MSP to notify/not to notify a list of users. - The Subscriber can - query the Resource, - define the contract that will bind the Subscriber and a Match Service Provider (MSP), and - request the MSP to notify/not to notify a list of users of a match involving the Subscription. ISO/IEC 23000-16:2018 does not specify the protocols used to carry these payloads.
Technologies de l'information — Format des applications multimedias — Partie 16: Format des applications Publier/Souscrire
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 23000-16
First edition
2018-01
Information technology — Multimedia
application format (MPEG-A) —
Part 16:
Publish/Subscribe Application Format
Technologies de l'information — Format des applications
multimedias —
Partie 16: Format des applications Publier/Souscrire
Reference number
ISO/IEC 23000-16:2018(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2018
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ISO/IEC 23000-16:2018(E)
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ISO/IEC 23000-16:2018(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Abbreviated terms . 5
5 PSAF reference model . 5
6 PSAF schemas. 8
6.1 General . 8
6.2 PSAF DIDL profile schema . 9
6.3 PSAF metadata schema .12
Annex A (informative) Example of Resource Information .14
Annex B (informative) Example of Publication Information .16
Annex C (informative) Example of Subscription Information .20
Annex D (informative) Example of Notification Information .22
Bibliography .27
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ISO/IEC 23000-16:2018(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee,
ISO/IEC JTC 1.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, SC 29,
Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 23000 series can be found on the ISO website.
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ISO/IEC 23000-16:2018(E)
Introduction
ISO/IEC 23000 (also known as “MPEG-A”) is a suite of MPEG standards designed to support a fast track
to standardization of tested and verified technologies taken from the MPEG body of standards combined
to form Multimedia Application Formats (MAF). If a needed piece of technology is not available within
MPEG to achieve the desired format functionality, then additional technologies originating from other
organizations may be included by reference.
The MAF defined by the Publish/Subscribe Application Format (PSAF) allows parties of the
Publish/Subscribe (PubSub) communication model to support functionalities that are specific to
publication, search and consumption of media content (in the following called Resource). The PubSub
communication parties are:
a) Publishers:
1) create and store Resource Information (RI) on a publicly accessible location (e.g. an Information
Centric Network);
2) create and send Publications Information (PI) to Match Service Providers (MSP);
b) Subscribers:
1) create and send Subscriptions Information (SI) to Match Service Providers (MSP);
c) Match Service Providers (MSP):
1) perform matches of Subscriptions with Publications;
2) send Notification Information (NI) to users listed in PIs and SIs when a Match has been found;
d) Consumers:
1) receive Notification Information (NI);
2) access the Resource present in or referenced by the Resource Information (RI).
NOTE In PubSub, senders do not communicate information directly to the intended receivers but rely on a
service that mediates the sender-receiver relationship and sends notifications to relevant parties.
It should be noted that in PSAF, "Publisher" is not necessarily a user who distributes media to end users
and "Subscriber" is not necessarily synonymous with end user or consumer. Indeed, in PSAF, Publisher
may represent a user who has created a media item and wants to offer it to publishers and Subscriber
may represent a publisher who is looking for media to be published and distributed.
PSAF specifies four formats — RI, PI, SI, and NI — to allow Publishers, Subscribers, Match Service
Providers and Consumers to manage and control the way the information they exchange is used while
trying to achieve their purposes.
The structure of the document is as follows:
Clause 2 lists normative references. Clauses 3 and 4 define the abbreviated terms and the terms used in
this document. Clause 5 specifies the PSAF reference model. Clause 6 specifies the DIDL profile schema
specific for PSAF and the PSAF Metadata Schema.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 23000-16:2018(E)
Information technology — Multimedia application format
(MPEG-A) —
Part 16:
Publish/Subscribe Application Format
1 Scope
This document specifies four formats that are used by parties communicating using the
Publish/Subscribe (PubSub) communication model for their multimedia communication purposes.
The PubSub parties are: Publisher, Subscriber, Match Service Provider (MSP) and Consumer and
the formats employed are Resource Information (RI), Publication Information (PI), Subscription
Information (SI) and Notification Information (NI).
This document specifies RI, PI, SI and NI in such a way that typical multimedia communication
requirements can be supported. The following is a non-exhaustive list of such requirements.
— The Publisher can
— describe the Resource for consumption purposes,
— define the contract that will bind the Publisher and a Consumer,
— request a device to report use of the Resource,
— describe the Resource for distribution purposes,
— define the contract that will bind the Publisher and a Match Service Provider (MSP) of a match
involving the Publication, and
— request the MSP to notify/not to notify a list of users.
— The Subscriber can
— query the Resource,
— define the contract that will bind the Subscriber and a Match Service Provider (MSP), and
— request the MSP to notify/not to notify a list of users of a match involving the Subscription.
This document does not specify the protocols used to carry these payloads.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 15938-3, Information technology — Multimedia content description interface — Part 3: Visual
ISO/IEC 15938-4, Information technology — Multimedia content description interface — Part 4: Audio
ISO/IEC 15938-5, Information technology — Multimedia content description interface — Part 5:
Multimedia description schemes
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ISO/IEC 23000-16:2018(E)
ISO/IEC 15938-12, Information technology — Multimedia content description interface — Part 12:
Query format
ISO/IEC 21000-2, Information technology — Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) — Part 2: Digital Item
Declaration
ISO/IEC 21000-3, Information technology — Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) — Part 3: Digital Item
Identification
ISO/IEC 21000-15, Information technology — Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) — Part 15: Event
Reporting
ISO/IEC 21000-20, Information technology — Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) — Part 20: Contract
Expression Language
ISO/IEC 21000-21, Information technology — Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) — Part 21: Media
contract ontology
ISO/IEC 21000-22, Information technology — Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) — Part 22: User
Description
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 ISO/IEC 21000 series terminology
NOTE The terminology in this document is consistent with that in the ISO/IEC 21000 series, in particular
with ISO/IEC 21000-2, ISO/IEC 21000-3, ISO/IEC 21000-15, ISO/IEC 21000-20 and ISO/IEC 21000-22. For readers
not familiar with MPEG-21 terminology, the following definitions that are needed for PSAF are provided.
3.1.1
digital item identification
DII
standard (ISO/IEC 21000-3) used by MPEG-21 for identification of digital item (3.1.4) and their
components (3.1.5)
3.1.2
resource
individually identifiable asset such as a video or audio or audio-visual clip, an image, or a text
Note 1 to entry: All resources shall be locatable via a name or an address that is unambiguous in the context
where the PubSub communication is performed.
3.1.3
container
structure that allows items (3.1.4) and/or containers to be grouped
Note 1 to entry: A container itself is not an item; containers are groupings of items and/or containers. Descriptors
(3.1.6) allow for the "labelling" of containers with information appropriate for the purpose of the grouping.
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ISO/IEC 23000-16:2018(E)
3.1.4
item
grouping of sub-items and/or components (3.1.5) that are bound to relevant descriptors (3.1.6)
Note 1 to entry: These descriptors contain information about the item. Items may contain choices, which allow
them to be customized or configured. Items may be conditional (on predicates asserted by selections defined in
the choices).
Note 2 to entry: An item that contains no sub-items can be considered a whole. An item that does contain sub-
items can be considered a compilation. Items may also contain annotations to their sub-parts.
3.1.5
component
binding of a resource (3.1.2) to a set of descriptors (3.1.6)
Note 1 to entry: These descriptors are information concerning all or part of the specific resource instance. A
component itself is not an item (3.1.4); components are building blocks of items. Components may be conditional
(see MPEG-21 DID for details).
3.1.6
descriptor
information associated with the enclosing entity
Note 1 to entry: This information may be a component (3.1.5) (such as a thumbnail of an image or a text
component) or a textual statement. Descriptors may be conditional (see MPEG-21 DID for details).
3.1.7
event report request
request made to a device to send an event report (3.1.8) whenever a certain act is performed at the device
3.1.8
event report
report sent by a device in response to an event report request (3.1.7) when the act specified by the
ERR occurs
3.1.9
contract
representation of agreements formed for the transaction of MPEG-21 Digital Items or services related
to the MPEG-21 Framework
3.1.10
obligation
deontic expression binding one of the parties to execute an Action
3.1.11
permission
deontic expression allowing one of the parties to execute an Action
3.1.12
prohibition
deontic expression binding one of the parties not to execute an Action
3.1.13
user description
description of user (3.2.1) conforming to the MPEG-21 User Description standard
3.1.14
context description
standard description of the context in which content is used
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ISO/IEC 23000-16:2018(E)
3.1.15
service description
standard description of the service provided by a Service Provider
3.1.16
recommendation description
standard format in which a recommendation is provided
3.2 PSAF user terminology
3.2.1
user
any one of publisher (3.2.2), subscriber (3.2.3), match service provider (3.2.4) and consumer (3.2.5)
3.2.2
publisher
user (3.2.1) who creates and sends Publications to a match service provider (3.2.4)
3.2.3
subscriber
user (3.2.1) who creates and sends Subscriptions to a match service provider (3.2.4)
3.2.4
match service provider
MSP
user (3.2.1) who receives, and finds matches between Subscriptions and Publications, and notifies
the match
3.2.5
consumer
user (3.2.1) who is notified by MSP of a potentially relevant resource (3.1.2)
3.3 PSAF data set terminology
3.3.1
resource information
RI
data set related to the resource (3.1.2)
3.3.2
publication information
PI
data set sent to selected MSP(s) in order to provide information on a certain resource information (3.3.1)
3.3.3
subscription information
SI
data set sent to selected MSP(s) in order to query about resource information (3.3.1) satisfying specified
criteria
3.3.4
notification information
NI
data set sent to users (3.2.1) specified in PI and SI containing information about the match between
PI and SI
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ISO/IEC 23000-16:2018(E)
4 Abbreviated terms
CEL MPEG-21 Contract Expression Language
DID MPEG-21 Digital Item Declaration
DIDL MPEG-21 Digital Item Declaration Language
DII MPEG-21 Digital Item Identification
ER MPEG-21 Event Report
ERR MPEG-21 Event Report Request
MCO MPEG-21 Media Contract Ontology
MSP Match Service Provider
NI Notification Information
PI Publication Information
PSAF Publish/Subscribe Application Format
PubSub Publish/Subscribe
RI Resource Information
SI Subscription Information
UD MPEG-21 User Description
5 PSAF reference model
The Publish/Subscribe communication paradigm, adapted to creation, publication and retrieval of
media content, is represented by the workflow and Figure 1 (note that the order in which publication
and subscription are performed is not relevant).
— Publisher
— Stores Resource (1)
— Creates RI
— Stores RI (2)
— Creates PI
— Publishes PI (3)
— Subscriber
— Creates SI
— Subscribes SI (4)
— Match Service Provider
— Finds Match between SI and PI (5)
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ISO/IEC 23000-16:2018(E)
— Notifies Consumer (6)
— Consumer
— Retrieves RI (7)
— Retrieves and plays Resource (8)
NOTE Consumer is the user receiving NIs. It may or may not coincide with Subscriber or Publisher.
Figure 1 — Publish/Subscribe workflow for multimedia applications
From Table 1, it can be seen that RI, PI and SI are represented as Digital Items and NI is represented as
an Event Report.
Table 1 — Data formats, their components and standards used
Entity Standard
RI ISO/IEC 21000-2
Resource locator or name the RI refers to
Metadata describing the Resource ISO/IEC 15938-3,
ISO/IEC 15938-4,
ISO/IEC 15938-5
RI creator’s ID
Contract between Publisher and eventual Resource Consumer that includes ISO/IEC 21000-20,
ISO/IEC 21000-21
— IDs of Publisher
— locator/name of Resource the contract refers to
— permissions, obligations and prohibitions related to the use of the
Resource
Request to notify a list of User IDs that a specific use of a Resource has ISO/IEC 21000-15
been made
RI ID ISO/IEC 21000-3
RI creator's signature
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ISO/IEC 23000-16:2018(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Entity Standard
PI ISO/IEC 21000-2
RI ID the PI refers to
Metadata related to publication ISO/IEC 15938-3,
ISO/IEC 15938-4,
ISO/IEC 15938-5
Publisher ID
Contract between Publisher and Match Service Provider that includes ISO/IEC 21000-20,
ISO/IEC 21000-21
— permission to match PI with SIs
— permissions, obligations and prohibitions related to Subscriber ID
— Match Service ID(s)
Request to notify/not to notify a list of user IDs of a Match between a Publica- ISO/IEC 21000-15
tion and Subscriptions
PI ID ISO/IEC 21000-3
Publisher's signature
SI ISO/IEC 21000-2
Query ISO/IEC 15938-12
Subscriber ID
Metadata describing users of the sought-after Resource and context of use ISO/IEC 21000-22
Contract between Subscriber and Match Service Provider that includes ISO/IEC 21000-20,
ISO/IEC 21000-21
— permission to
— match SI with PIs
— use query, metadata describing Subscriber and context, etc.
— permissions, obligations and prohibitions related to Publisher ID
— Match Service ID(s)
Request to notify/not to notify a list of user IDs of a Match between a Sub- ISO/IEC 21000-15
scription and Publications
SI ID ISO/IEC 21000-3
Subscriber's signature
NI ISO/IEC 21000-2
Notification ISO/IEC 21000-15
RI ID ISO/IEC 21000-3
Recommendation Description ISO/IEC 21000-22
Match Service Provider's signature
Figure 2 depicts the data (Digital Items and Event Reports) exchanged by users communicating
according to this document. The numbers correspond to the steps of Figure 1. Note that UD = User
Description, ERR = Event Report Request and RD = Recommendation Description.
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ISO/IEC 23000-16:2018(E)
Figure 2 — Data exchanged by PSAF users
It should be noted that the PubSub communication model supported by PSAF can be both content-based
and topic-based.
6 PSAF schemas
6.1 General
PSAF utilizes the schemas defined in 6.2 and 6.3.
The used namespace prefixes together with their reference are given in Table 2.
Table 2 — Mapping of prefixes to namespaces in examples and text
Prefix Corresponding namespace Normative
reference
Cd urn:mpeg:mpeg-ud:2014:01-CD-NS
ISO/IEC 21000-22
cel-core urn:mpeg:mpeg21:cel:core:2015
ISO/IEC 21000-20
cel-ipre urn:mpeg:mpeg21:cel:ipre:2015
ISO/IEC 21000-20
Dcterms
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
Didl urn:mpeg:mpeg21:2006:07-DIDL-NS
ISO/IEC 21000-2
didmodel urn:mpeg:mpeg21:2002:02-DIDMODEL-NS
ISO/IEC 21000-2
Dii urn:mpeg:mpeg21:2002:01-DII-NS
ISO/IEC 21000-3
Ds
http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#
Dsig
http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#
Er urn:mpeg:mpeg21:2005:01-ERL-NS
ISO/IEC 21000-15
Fo
http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format
ipmpinfo urn:mpeg:mpeg21:2004:01-IPMPINFO-NS
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ISO/IEC 23000-16:2018(E)
Table 2 (continued)
Prefix Corresponding namespace Normative
reference
Media
http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/
mpeg7 urn:mpeg:mpeg7:schema:2004
ISO/IEC 15938-5
Mpqf urn:mpeg:mpqf:schema:2008
Psaf urn:mpeg:psaf:2015:01-PSAF-NS Here
Rd urn:mpeg:mpeg-rd:2014:01-RD-NS
ISO/IEC 21000-22
Sd urn:mpeg:mpeg-ud:2014:01-SD-NS
ISO/IEC 21000-22
Ud urn:mpeg:mpeg-ud:2014:01-UD-NS
ISO/IEC 21000-22
Xsi
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance
6.2 PSAF DIDL profile schema
The RI, PI and SI Digital Items and their components are expressed using the following standards:
a) ISO/IEC 21000-2;
b) ISO/IEC 21000-3;
c) ISO/IEC 15938-3, ISO/IEC 15938-4 and ISO/IEC 15938-5;
d) ISO/IEC 15938-12;
e) ISO/IEC 21000-20;
f) ISO/IEC 21000-21 (in contexts in which rights and contracts are expressed and managed according
to the MCO format);
g) ISO/IEC 21000-15;
h) ISO/IEC 21000-22.
PI, RI, SI and NI are digitally represented as Digital Items using DIDL. The four Digital Items have a
single item that coincides with one of the four principal elements of PSAF (PI, RI, SI and NI). Each item
has an identifier that is an element dii:identifier or a descriptor. Each item is enriched with metadata
of type PSAFMetadata that are specific of the three types of element, in particular they are metadata
describing the resource (those of PI and RI) and a query conforming to the MPEG query format query
(those of SI). PI and RI shall contain a resource: in the former case, the resource is an RI referenced by
using an RI identifier, while in the latter, the resource is the resource that is the target of an eventual
consumption, e.g. the URL of a Resource.
Digital Items and their elements are identified using DII.
CEL or MCO is used to digitally represent contracts between Publishers and MSPs, Subscribers and
MSPs, and Publishers and Consumers.
ER is used to digitally represent requests issued to MSP to dispatch notifications to users.
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ISO/IEC 23000-16:2018(E)
Annexes A, B, C and D provide normative examples of RI, PI, SI and NI, respectively.
elementFormDefault=ʺqualifiedʺ attributeFormDefault=ʺunqualifiedʺ
version=ʺ0.1ʺ xmlns=ʺhttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchemaʺ
xmlns:didl=ʺurn:mpeg:mpeg21:2006:07-DIDL-NSʺ xmlns:ud=ʺurn:mpeg:mpeg-
ud:2014:01-UD-NSʺ
xmlns:cd=ʺurn:mpeg:mpeg-ud:2014:01-CD-NSʺ
xmlns:psaf=ʺurn:mpeg:mpeg21:2014:01-PSAF-NSʺ
xmlns:ipmpinfo=ʺurn:mpeg:mpeg21:2004:01-IPMPINFO-NSʺ
xmlns:didmodel=ʺurn:mpeg:mpeg21:2002:02-DIDMODEL-NSʺ
xmlns:dii=ʺurn:mpeg:mpeg21:2002:01-DII-NSʺ
xmlns:dsig=ʺhttp://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#ʺ
xmlns:er=ʺurn:mpeg:mpeg21:2005:01-ERL-NSʺ
xmlns:cel-core=ʺurn:mpeg:mpeg21:cel:core:2015ʺ
xmlns:cel-ipre=ʺurn:mpeg:mpeg21:cel:ipre:2015ʺ>
substitutionGroup=ʺdidmodel:Itemʺ/>
substitutionGroup=ʺdidmodel:Componentʺ/>
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ISO/IEC 23000-16:2018(E)
substitutionGroup=ʺdidmodel:Resourceʺ/>
minOccurs=ʺ0ʺ/>
substitutionGroup=ʺdidmodel:Descriptorʺ/>
substitutionGroup=ʺdidmodel:Statementʺ/>
type=ʺdsig:SignatureTypeʺ/>
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ISO/IEC 23000-16:2018(E)
type=ʺud:UserDescriptionTypeʺ/>
type=ʺcd:ContextDescriptionTypeʺ/>
6.3 PSAF metadata schema
elementFormDefault=ʺqualifiedʺ attributeFormDefault=ʺunqualifiedʺ
version=ʺ0.1ʺ
xmlns=ʺhttp
...
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