35.040.40 - Coding of audio, video, multimedia and hypermedia information
ICS 35.040.40 Details
Coding of audio, video, multimedia and hypermedia information
Codage des informations audio, vidéo, multimédias et hypermédias
Kodiranje avdio, video, multimedijskih in hipermedijskih informacij
General Information
The present document is one of the parts of the specification of the Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications
(DECT) Common Interface (CI).
This part of the DECT CI specifies the speech and audio coding and transmission requirements.
In order to ensure satisfactory interworking of different portable and fixed units, it is necessary to specify the
transmission performance of the analog information over the digital link. This requires not only use of a common
speech algorithm, but also standardization of frequency responses, reference speech levels (or loudness) at the air
interface and various other parameters.
The present document applies to DECT equipment which includes all the necessary functions to provide real-time
two-way speech conversation and stereo audio transmission. Several speech services are defined in the present
document, including conventional 3,1 kHz telephony, wideband 7 kHz voice transmission, super-wideband 14 kHz and
fullband 20 kHz service. DECT Fixed part providing such services may be connected to the public circuit switched
(PSTN/ISDN) network, to private networks or to the Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) network.
Tethered fixed point local loop applications are not required to comply with the requirements of the present document.
For the DECT systems which connect to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) via an analog interface, the
additional requirements, which are implemented in the FP, have as much as possible been aligned with ETSI
TBR 038 [29].
A summary of the control and the use of the DECT echo control functions, to guide on need for options to
manufacturers and installers, is found in annex A.
Information concerning test methods can be found in ETSI EN 300 176-1 [9] and ETSI EN 300 176-2 [10] (previously
covered by ETSI TBR 010 [i.5]). The test methods take into account that DECT is a digital system.
The present document includes New Generation DECT, a further development of the DECT standard introducing
wideband speech, improved data services, new slot types and other technical enhancements.
In addition, the present document includes DECT Evolution, providing SWB and FB speech and audio capabilities and
a new speech coding algorithm for NB and WB allowing to increase the audio quality of the NB and WB speech service
and improve bandwidth efficiency.
The latest update for DECT Evolution includes the support of ultra-band, high resolution, low-latency speech and audio
coding, and additional PP types supported with LC3plus coding. An application profile using these new PP types can be
found in ETSI TS 103 706 [i.28].
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This document defines a storage format for derived visual tracks and an initial base set of related transformation operations. The format defined in this document enables the interchange, editing, and display of timed sequences of images that result from transformation operations applied to input still images or samples of timed sequences of images in the same presentation. This format defines normative structures used to contain the description of transformation operations, how to link that transformation operations to the inputs, and defines how to process those transformation operations to obtain a timed sequence of video frames.
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This document specifies low complexity enhancement video coding.
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This document specifies the conformance and reference software for omnidirectional media format (specified in ISO/IEC 23090‑2). This document describes the reference software modules and the features that is supports. It also provides a description of how the reference software can be utilized. In addition, the document lists and describes test vectors comprising ISO base media file format files, media presentation descriptions, segments and combinations thereof that conform to ISO/IEC 23090‑2.
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This document defines various code points and fields that establish properties of a video (or still image) representation and are independent of the compression encoding and bit rate. These properties can describe the appropriate interpretation of decoded data or can, similarly, describe the characteristics of such a signal before the signal is compressed by an encoder that is suitable for compressing such an input signal.
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This document contains simulation software for the MPEG-H 3D audio standard as defined in ISO/IEC 23008‑3.
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This document specifies the omnidirectional media format for coding, storage, delivery and rendering of omnidirectional media, including video, images, audio and timed text. Omnidirectional image or video can contain graphics elements generated by computer graphics but encoded as image or video. Multiple viewpoints, each corresponding to an omnidirectional camera, are supported. The document also specifies storage and delivery of overlay images or video intended to be rendered over the omnidirectional background image or video.
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This document specifies the syntax, semantics and decoding for visual volumetric media using video‑based coding methods. This document also specifies processes that can be needed for reconstruction of visual volumetric media, which can also include additional processes such as post‑decoding, pre-reconstruction, post‑reconstruction and adaptation.
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This document specifies immersive media metrics and the measurement framework. The immersive media metrics can be collected by service providers and used to enhance the immersive media quality and experiences. This document also includes a client reference model with observation and measurement points for collection of the metrics.
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This document specifies the assessment of conformance to ISO/IEC 15938-15 as well as the reference software.
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This document describes common industry representation practices for the usage of video signal type code points, as these properties are conveyed across video content production and distribution carriage systems.
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This document provides general information about coding efficiency measurement practices for video coding. This document does not provide recommendations for evaluating video quality; it describes the practices that have recently been followed for coding efficiency experiments conducted during work to develop video coding standards.
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IEC 61937-15:2021 describes the method to convey non-linear PCM bit streams in accordance with the Auro-Cx format.
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This document specifies a video coding technology known as versatile video coding (VVC), comprising a video coding technology with a compression capability that is substantially beyond that of the prior generations of such standards and with sufficient versatility for effective use in a broad range of applications. Only the syntax format, semantics, and associated decoding process requirements are specified, while other matters such as pre-processing, the encoding process, system signalling and multiplexing, data loss recovery, post-processing, and video display are considered to be outside the scope of this document. Additionally, the internal processing steps performed within a decoder are also considered to be outside the scope of this document; only the externally observable output behaviour is required to conform to the specifications of this document. This document is designed to be generic in the sense that it serves a wide range of applications, bit rates, resolutions, qualities and services. Applications include, but are not limited to, video coding for digital storage media, television broadcasting and real-time communication. In the course of creating This document, various requirements from typical applications have been considered, necessary algorithmic elements have been developed, and these have been integrated into a single syntax. Hence, this document is designed to facilitate video data interchange among different applications.
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This document specifies the syntax and semantics of video usability information (VUI) parameters and supplemental enhancement information (SEI) messages. The VUI parameters and SEI messages defined in this document are designed to be conveyed within coded video bitstreams in a manner specified in a video coding specification or to be conveyed by other means determined by the specifications for systems that make use of such coded video bitstreams. This document is particularly intended for use with coded video bitstreams as specified by Rec. ITU‑T H.266 | ISO/IEC 23090-3, although it can also be used with other types of coded video bitstreams. VUI parameters and SEI messages can assist in processes related to decoding, display or other purposes. However, unless otherwise specified in a referencing specification, the interpretation and use of the VUI parameters and SEI messages specified in this document is not a required functionality of a video decoder or receiving video system. Although semantics are specified for the VUI parameters and SEI messages, decoders and receiving video systems can simply ignore the content of the VUI parameters and SEI messages or can use them in a manner that somewhat differs from what is specified in this document.
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This document describes the reference software and conformance suite for the file format documents in MPEG-4 and MPEG-H. Since these documents share a lot of technology, their reference software and conformance program are being handled together. These documents are: ISO/IEC 14496-12, ISO/IEC 14496-14, ISO/IEC 14496-15, ISO/IEC 14496-30 and ISO/IEC 23008-12. The purpose of the conformance suite is to cover the set of valid features that can be exercised in the file format. Media conformance is not covered, though of course in order to exercise the file format features, media will be stored.
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The network-based media processing (NBMP) framework defines the interfaces including both data formats and application programming interfaces (APIs) among the entities connected through digital networks for media processing. Users can access and configure their operations remotely for efficient, intelligent processing. This document describes and manages workflows to be applied to the media data. This process includes uploading of media data to the network, instantiation of the media processing tasks, and configuration of the tasks. The framework enables dynamic creation of media processing pipelines, as well as access to processed media data and metadata in real-time or in a deferred way. The media and metadata formats used between the media source, workflow manager and media processing entities in a media processing pipeline are also specified.
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This document specifies the ISO base media file format, which is a general format forming the basis for a number of other more specific file formats. This format contains the timing, structure, and media information for timed sequences of media data, such as audio-visual presentations.
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This document specifies advanced video coding for coding of audio-visual objects
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This document provides guidance for implementing and deploying systems based on ISO/IEC 23008‑1.
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This document specifies a video coding technology known as essential video coding (EVC), which contains syntax format, semantics and an associated decoding process. The decoding process is designed to guarantee that all EVC decoders conform to a specified combination of capabilities known as the profile, level and toolset. Any decoding process that produces identical cropped decoded output pictures to those produced by the described process is considered to be in conformance with the requirements of this document. This document is designed to cover a wide range of application, including but not limited to digital storage media, television broadcasting and real-time communications.
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This document contains the reference software of the ISO/IEC 21122 series. It acts as a guideline for implementation and as a reference for conformance testing.
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This document specifies a file format for interchanging audio data between compliant
equipment. It is primarily intended for audio applications in professional recording, production,
post-production, and archiving.
It is derived from the AES31-2 [2] but is also compatible with variant specifications including
EBU Tech 3285 [3] to [10], ITU-R BR.1352-3-2007 [11] to [14], and the Japan Post Production
Association's BWF-J [15].
This document contains the specification of the broadcast audio extension chunk and its use
with PCM-coded audio data. Basic information on the RIFF format and how it can be extended
to other types of audio data is given in Annex E. Details of the PCM WAVE format are also
given in Annex A.
An optional extended format, BWF-E, supports 64-bit addressing to permit file sizes greater
than 4 GB.
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This document specifies the conformance and reference software implementing the test vectors comprising media presentation descriptions, segments and combinations thereof in ISO/IEC 23009‑1, and the corresponding software modules.
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This document specifies the architecture of MPEG-V (media context and control) and its three types of associated use cases: — information adaptation from virtual world to real world; — information adaptation from real world to virtual world; — information exchange between virtual worlds.
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This document specifies high efficiency video coding.
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This document specifies the conformance and reference software implementing ISO/IEC 23093-3. The information provided is applicable for determining the reference software modules available for ISO/IEC 23093-3, understanding the functionality of the available reference software modules, and utilizing the available reference software modules. Furthermore, this document provides means for conformance testing, i.e. bitstreams ? XML descriptions ? that conform or do not conform to ISO/IEC 23093-3.
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This document specifies a unified speech and audio codec which is capable of coding signals having an arbitrary mix of speech and audio content. The codec has a performance comparable to, or better than, the best known coding technology that might be tailored specifically to coding of either speech or general audio content. The codec supports single and multi-channel coding at high bitrates and provides perceptually transparent quality. At the same time, it enables very efficient coding at very low bitrates while retaining the full audio bandwidth. This document incorporates several perceptually-based compression techniques developed in previous MPEG standards: perceptually shaped quantization noise, parametric coding of the upper spectrum region and parametric coding of the stereo sound stage. However, it combines these well-known perceptual techniques with a source coding technique: a model of sound production, specifically that of human speech.
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This document specifies the framework, concepts, methodology for testing, and criteria to be achieved to claim conformance to multiple parts of the ISO/IEC 21122 series. It lists the conformance testing procedures. This document specifies: — Conformance testing procedures for decoders implementing ISO/IEC 21122-1. — Conformance testing procedures for decoders implementing ISO/IEC 21122-3. — Tests to check codestreams for conformance to ISO/IEC 21122-1. As such, it provides means to test whether encoder implementations generate syntactically correct codestreams, and whether codestreams generated by such implementations follow the requirements of a particular profile, level and sublevel, and the buffer model implied by them. — Tests to check files for conformance to ISO/IEC 21122-3. — Conformance testing procedures that allow testing whether codestreams conform to any of the profiles specified in ISO/IEC 21122-2. — Conformance testing procedures that allow testing whether codestreams conform to the buffer model specified in ISO/IEC 21122-2 as part of a profile, level and sublevel. — Codestreams, decoded images, and error metrics to be used within the decoder testing procedures. — A buffer model test. — Abstract test suites. This document does not specify: — Testing the reconstruction of a full resolution image from a subsampled image format. In particular, upsampling from 4:2:2 to 4:4:4 sampling is a non-normative extension and as such its testing is beyond the scope of this document. — Testing the conversion of the sample values reconstructed by an ISO/IEC 21122-3 decoder to the target colour space by means of the colour specification box of ISO/IEC 21122-3. — Testing of the composition of background and foreground for images reconstructed from ISO/IEC 21122-3 files or codestreams. — Acceptance testing: the process of determining whether an implementation satisfies acceptance criteria and enables the user to determine whether or not to accept the implementation. This includes the planning and execution of several kinds of tests (e.g. functionality, quality, and speed performance testing) that demonstrate that the implementation satisfies the user requirements. — Performance testing: measures the performance characteristics of an implementation under test (IUT) such as its throughput, responsiveness, etc. under various conditions. — Robustness testing: the process of determining how well an implementation is able to conceal problems from attempting to reconstruct an image from an ill-formed codestream.
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The ISO/IEC 15938 series operates on and generates conformant bitstreams. This document provides a specific implementation that behaves in a conformant manner. NOTE 1 Other implementations that conform to the ISO/IEC 15938 series are possible, which do not necessarily use the algorithms or the programming techniques of the reference software. The software contained in this document is known as eXperimentation Model (XM) and is divided into five categories: a) Binary format for MPEG-7 (BiM). This software converts DDL (XML) based descriptions to binary format and vice versa as explained in Clause 5. b) DDL parser and DDL validation parser. The components of this software module are specified in Clause 6. c) Visual descriptors. This software creates standard visual descriptions from associated (visual) media content as explained in Clause 7. NOTE 2 The techniques used for extracting descriptors are informative, and the quality and complexity of these extraction tools has not been optimized. d) Audio descriptors. This software creates standard descriptions from associated (audio) media content as explained in Clause 8. NOTE 3 The techniques used for extracting descriptors are informative, and the quality and complexity of these extraction tools has not been optimized. e) Multimedia description schemes. This software modules provide standard descriptions of multimedia description schemes as specified in Clause 9.
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This document specifies technology for loudness and dynamic range control. It is applicable to most MPEG audio technologies. It offers flexible solutions to efficiently support the widespread demand for technologies such as loudness normalization and dynamic range compression for various playback scenarios.
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This document provides the reference software for MMT and its description.
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This document defines a storage format for timed metadata. The timed metadata can be associated with other tracks in the ISO base media file format. Timed metadata such as quality and power consumption information and their metrics are defined in this part for carriage in files based on the ISO base media file format (ISO/IEC 14496-12). The timed metadata can be used for multiple purposes including supporting dynamic adaptive streaming.
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This document specifies the CMAF multimedia format, which contains segmented media objects optimized for streaming delivery and decoding on end user devices in adaptive multimedia presentations. CMAF specifies a track format derived from the ISO base media file format, then derives addressable media objects from CMAF tracks that can be used for storage and delivery. CMAF specifies sets of tracks that share encoding and packaging constraints that enable the selection of multiple tracks to form a multimedia presentation and allow seamless switching of alternative encodings of the same content at different bit rates, frame rates, resolution, etc. CMAF specifies a hypothetical application model that determines how tracks in a CMAF presentation are intended to be combined and synchronized to form a multimedia presentation. The model abstracts delivery to allow any delivery method. The hypothetical application model assumes a manifest and player, but CMAF does not specify a manifest, player, or delivery protocol, with the intent that any that support the hypothetical application model can be used. CMAF specifies media profiles and brands that constrain media encoding and packaging of CMAF tracks to enable seamless adaptive switching of tracks and allow devices to identify compatible content by its brand. CMAF specifies presentation profiles that conditionally require sets of CMAF tracks conforming to specified media profiles and allow content creators and devices to identify compatible multimedia presentations. CMAF enables extensibility by specifying how new media profiles and presentation profiles can be specified and identified and includes guidelines for those specifications.
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This document describes the architecture of systems for the internet of media things.
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