SIST EN 60404-5:2008
(Main + Amendment)Magnetic materials -- Part 5: Permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials - Methods of measurement of magnetic properties
Magnetic materials -- Part 5: Permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials - Methods of measurement of magnetic properties
Defines the method of measurement of the magnetic flux density, magnetic polarization and the magnetic field strength and also the determination of the demagnetization curve and recoil line of permanent magnet materials, such as those specified in IEC 404-8-1, the properties of which are presumed homogeneous throughout their volume. The methods described refer to the measurement of the magnetic properties in a closed magnetic circuit simulating a ring.
Magnetische Werkstoffe -- Teil 5: Dauermagnetwerkstoffe (hartmagnetische Werkstoffe) - Verfahren zur Messung der magnetischen Eigenschaften
Matériaux magnétiques -- Partie 5: Aimants permanents (magnétiques durs) - Méthodes de mesure des propriétés magnétiques
S'applique uniquement aux matériaux magnétiquement durs. En principe, la méthode décrite s'emploie à réaliser au mieux un circuit fermé simulant le tore. Deux méthodes alternatives ont été retenues pour la coercivité, l'une inférieure à ou égale à 600 kA/m, et l'autre pour les matériaux avec coercivité supérieure (cas des alliages de cobalt et de terres rares).
Magnetni materiali - 5. del: Materiali za permanentne (magnetno trde) magnete - Metode za meritve magnetnih lastnosti (IEC 60404-5:1993 + A1:2007)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 60404-5:2008
01-januar-2008
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 10332:2003
Magnetni materiali - 5. del: Materiali za permanentne (magnetno trde) magnete -
Metode za meritve magnetnih lastnosti (IEC 60404-5:1993 + A1:2007)
Magnetic materials - Part 5: Permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials - Methods
of measurement of magnetic properties (IEC 60404-5:1993 + A1:2007)
Magnetische Werkstoffe - Teil 5: Dauermagnetwerkstoffe (hartmagnetische Werkstoffe) -
Verfahren zur Messung der magnetischen Eigenschaften (IEC 60404-5:1993 + A1:2007)
Magnetische Werkstoffe - Teil 5: Dauermagnetwerkstoffe (hartmagnetische Werkstoffe) -
Verfahren zur Messung der magnetischen Eigenschaften (IEC 60404-5:1993 + A1:2007)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60404-5:2007
ICS:
17.220.20 0HUMHQMHHOHNWULþQLKLQ Measurement of electrical
PDJQHWQLKYHOLþLQ and magnetic quantities
29.030 Magnetni materiali Magnetic materials
SIST EN 60404-5:2008 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 60404-5
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2007
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 17.220.20; 29.030 Supersedes EN 10332:2003
English version
Magnetic materials -
Part 5: Permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials -
Methods of measurement of magnetic properties
(IEC 60404-5:1993 + A1:2007)
Matériaux magnétiques - Magnetische Werkstoffe -
Partie 5: Aimants permanents Teil 5: Dauermagnetwerkstoffe
(magnétiques durs) - (hartmagnetische Werkstoffe) -
Méthodes de mesure Verfahren zur Messung
des propriétés magnétiques der magnetischen Eigenschaften
(CEI 60404-5:1993 + A1:2007) (IEC 60404-5:1993 + A1:2007)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2007-10-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2007 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 60404-5:2007 E
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
EN 60404-5:2007 – 2 –
Foreword
The text of the International Standard IEC 60404-5:1993 + A1:2007, prepared by IEC TC 68, Magnetic
alloys and steels, was submitted to the Unique Acceptance Procedure and was approved by CENELEC
as EN 60404-5 on 2007-10-01 without any modification.
This European Standard supersedes EN 10332:2003 (published by CEN).
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2008-10-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2010-10-01
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60404-5:1993 + A1:2007 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.
__________
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
– 3 – EN 60404-5:2007
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
1)
IEC 60050-121 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
– – –
(IEV) -
Part 121: Electromagnetism
1)
IEC 60050-151 – International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – –
(IEV) -
Part 151: Electrical and magnetic devices
1)
IEC 60050-221 – International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – –
(IEV) -
Chapter 221: Magnetic materials and
components
1)
IEC 60404-8-1 – Magnetic materials - – –
Part 8-1: Specifications for individual
materials - Magnetically hard materials
———————
1)
Undated reference.
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
CEI
NORME
INTERNATIONALE I EC
404-5
INTERNATIONAL
Deuxième édition
STAN DARD
Second edition
1993-10
Matériaux magnétiques -
Partie 5:
Aimants permanents (magnétiques durs) -
Méthodes de mesure des
propriétés magnétiques
Magnetic materials -
Part 5:
Permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials -
Methods of measurement of
magnetic properties
de reproduction réservés — Copyright — all rights reserved
© CEI 1993 Droits
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in
Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut étre reproduite ni
any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun pro-
including photocopying and microfilm, without permission
cédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et
in writing from the publisher.
les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur.
Genève, Suisse
Bureau Central de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale 3, rue de Varembé
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale CODE PRIX
International Electrotechnical Commission N
PRICE CODE
Me iyuapoAHae 3net TpoTexHH4ecKaa ss HOMHCCHR
I EC
vigueur
Pour prix, voir catalogue en
• •
For price, see current catalogue
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
- 3 -
404-5 ©IEC:1993
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD
Clause
1 General 9
1.1 Scope 9
1.2 Normative references - 9
2 Definitions 9
11
Electromagnet and conditions for magnetization 3
15
4 Test specimen
15
Determination of the magnetic flux density 5
17 6 Determination of the magnetic polarization
19
7 Measurement of the magnetic field strength
19
Determination of the demagnetization curve 8
8.1 Principle of determination of the demagnetization curve, test
19 specimen magnetized in the electromagnet
Principle of determination of the demagnetization curve, test
8.2
21
specimen magnetized in a superconducting coil or pulse magnetizer
21
9 Determination of the principal characteristics
21
9.1 Magnetic remanence
21
product 9.2
(BH)max
9.3 Coercivities HcB and Hcj 23
23 Determination of the recoil line and the recoil permeability
9.4
23
10 Reproducibility
11 Test report 25
26
Figures
29
Annex A - Influence of the air-gap between the test specimen and the pole pieces
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
404-5 ©IEC:1993 - 5 -
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
MAGNETIC MATERIALS -
magnet (magnetically hard) materials -
Part 5: Permanent
Methods of measurement
of magnetic properties
FOREWORD
The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization
1)
comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to
promote international cooperation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and
electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards.
Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in
the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and
non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC
collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with
conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters, prepared by technical committees on
which all the National Committees having a special interest therein are represented, express, as nearly as
possible, an international consensus of opinion on the subjects dealt with.
3) They have the form of recommendations for international use published in the form of standards, technical
s or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense.
report
4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
International Standard IEC 404-5 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 68:
Magnetic alloys and steels.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1982 and
constitutes a technical revision.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
DIS Report on voting
68(CO)85 68(CO)88
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report
on voting indicated in the above table.
Annex A forms an integral part of this standard.
consists of the following parts, under the general title: Magnetic materials.
IEC 404
-
Part 1: 1979, Classification
- Part 2: 1978, Methods of measurement of magnetic, electrical and physical
properties of magnetic sheet and strip
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
404-5 ©IEC:1993 - 7 -
the magnetic properties of magnetic
Part 3: 1992, Methods of measurement of
-
of a single sheet tester
sheet and strip by means
- Part 4: 1982, Methods of measurement of the d.c. magnetic properties of solid
steels
- Part 5: 1993, Permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials - Methods of
measurements of magnetic properties
Part 6: 1986, Methods of measurement of the magnetic properties of isotropic
-
nickel-iron soft magnetic alloys, types E1, E3 and E4
- Part 7: 1982, Method of measurement of the coercivity of magnetic materials in an
open magnetic circuit
- Part 8: Specifications for individual materials
Part 9: 1987, Methods of determination of the geometrical characteristics of
-
magnetic steel sheet and strip
Part 10: 1988, Methods of measurement of magnetic properties of magnetic steel
-
sheet and strip at medium frequencies
- Part 11: 1991, Method of test for the determination of surface insulation resistance
of magnetic sheet and strip
- Part 12: 1992, Guide to methods of assessment of temperature capability of
interlaminar insulation coatings
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
404-5 © IEC:1993 - 9 -
MAGNETIC MATERIALS -
Part 5: Permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials -
Methods of measurement
of magnetic properties
1 General
1.1 Scope
of IEC 404 is to define the method of measurement of the
The purpose of this part
magnetic flux density, magnetic polarization and the magnetic field strength and also the
determination of the demagnetization curve and recoil line of permanent magnet materials,
such as those specified in IEC 404-8-1, the properties of which are presumed
homogeneous throughout their volume.
The pe rformance of a magnetic system is not only dependent on the properties of the
permanent magnet material but also on the dimensions of the system, the air-gap and
other elements of the magnetic circuit. The methods described in this standard refer to the
measurement of the magnetic properties in a closed magnetic circuit simulating a ring.
1.2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this
text, constitute provisions of this part of IEC 404. At the time of publication, the editions
indicated were valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and pa rties to
agreements based on this pa rt of IEC 404 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of
applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. Members
of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
IEC 50(121): 1978, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) - Chapter 121:
Electromagnetism
International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) - Chapter 151:
IEC 50(151): 1978,
Electrical and magnetic devices
International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) - Chapter 221:
IEC 50(221): 1990,
Magnetic materials and components
IEC 404-8-1: 1986, Magnetic materials - Part 8: Specifications for individual materials -
Section One: Standard specifications for magnetically hard materials
2 Definitions
rt of IEC 404 are defined in
The definitions relating to the various terms used in this pa
IEC 50(121), IEC 50(151) and IEC 50(221).
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
- 11 -
404-5 ©IEC:1993
HcB (the
For permanent magnet materials this standard deals with both the coercivity
Hcj (the
coercivity related to the magnetic flux density) and the intrinsic coercivity
coercivity related to the magnetic polarization).
B, and
The measurements specified in this standard are for both the magnetic flux density,
H. These
as a function of the magnetic field strength,
the magnetic polarization, J,
quantities are related by the following equation:
(1)
B =µo H +J
where
teslas;
B is the magnetic flux density, in
, in henry per metre;
is the magnetic constant = 4 it 10-7
µo
H is the magnetic field strength, in amperes per metre;
J is the magnetic polarization, in teslas.
hysteresis loop and Hog
values can be obtained from the B(H)
Using this relationship
HHJ
hysteresis loop. The point at which the modulus of
values can be obtained from the J(H)
(see figure 2).
has a maximum value is called the working point for
the product BH
(BH)max
3 Electromagnet and conditions for magnetization
The measurements are carried out in a closed magnetic circuit consisting of an
electromagnet made of soft magnetic material and the test specimen. The construction of
the yokes shall be symmetrical; at least one of the poles shall be movable to minimize the
air-gap between the test specimen and the pole pieces (see figure 1). The end faces of
both pole pieces shall be ground as nearly as possible parallel to each other and as nearly
as possible perpendicular to the pole axis to minimize the air-gap (see figure A.1).
NOTE - For certain measurements, the yoke and the poles can be laminated to decrease eddy currents.
The coercivity of the material should normally be not more than 100 A/m.
To obtain a sufficiently uniform magnetizing field in the space occupied by the test
specimen, the following conditions shall be fulfilled simultaneously:
Geometrical conditions (figure 1)
3.1
(2)
1,2/'
d ? d1 2 +
(3)
d1 _> 2,0/'
where
is the diameter of a circular pole piece or the dimension of the smallest side of a
d1
rectangular pole piece, in millimetres;
is the distance between the pole pieces, in millimetres;
l'
is the maximum diameter of the cylindrical volume with a homogeneous field, in
d2
millimetres.
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
-13-
404-5 © IEC:1993
With reference to the magnetic field strength at the centre of the air-gap, condition (2)
ensures that the maximum field decrease at a radial distance of d2/2 is 1 and
condition (3) ensures that the maximum field increase along the axis of the electromagnet
at the pole faces is 1 %.
3.2 Electromagnetic conditions
During the measurement of the demagnetization curve, the flux density in the pole pieces
shall be kept substantially lower than the saturation magnetic polarization so that the pole
faces shall be brought as near as possible to be equipotential. In practice, the magnetic
flux density shall be less than 1 T in iron and less than 1,2 T in iron alloy containing 35 %
to 50 % cobalt.
The yoke is excited by magnetizing coils which are arranged symmetrically as near as
possible to the test specimen (see figure 1). The axis of the test specimen shall be
coincident with the axis of the magnetizing coils.
Before measurement, the test specimen shall be magnetized in a magnetic field
Hmax
intended to bring the test specimen close to saturation (see the following note).
The determination of the demagnetization curve shall then be made in a magnetic field in
the direction opposite to that used for the initial magnetization.
If it is not possible to magnetize the test specimen to near saturation within the yoke (for
instance if the conditions in the following note cannot be met) the test specimen shall be
magnetized outside the electromagnet in a superconducting coil or pulse magnetizer.
NOTE - Where the product standard or the manufacturer does not specify the value of the magnetizing
recommended that before the measurement of the demagnetization curve, the test
field strength, Hmax , it is
specimen should be magnetized to saturation. The test specimen will be considered to be saturated if the
1 and H2:
following relationships hold for two values of magnetic field strength H
e0,024 54 In (H2/H1 )
(4)
P < p
2- 1
0,024 54 log (H2/H1)
(5)
or p < p 10
2- 1
(6)
and H2 >_ 1,2 Hi
where
-or of coercivity Ha, in
(BH)m in joules per cubic -metre,
is the maximum attainable value of
P2 ax,
amperes per metre;
in amperes per metre;
in joules per cubic metre or of coercivity HcB ,
Pi is the lower value of
(BH)max,
P2, in amperes per metre;
H2 is the magnetic field strength corresponding to
is the magnetic field strength corresponding to P 1 , in amperes per metre.
H i
s
/H 1 = 1,5, relationships (4) and (5) become P2 1,01 P1.
In the special case of H2
In all cases, the magnetization process shall not cause the test specimen to be heated
excessively.
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
- 15 -
404-5 © IEC:1993
4 Test specimen
The test specimen shall have a simple shape (for example a right cylinder or
parallelepiped). The length I of the test specimen shall be not less than 5 mm and its other
dimensions shall be a minimum of 5 mm and shall be such that the test specimen and the
2 as -defined in clause 3.
sensing devices shall be within the-diameter-d
The end faces of the test specimen shall be made as nearly as possible parallel to each
other and perpendicular to the test specimen axis to reduce the air-gap (see annex A).
The cross-sectional area of the test specimen shall be as uniform as possible throughout
its length; any variation shall be less than 1 % of its minimum cross-sectional area. The
mean cross-sectional area shall be determined to within 1 %.
The test specimen shall be marked with the direction of magnetization.
5 Determination of the magnetic flux density
The changes in magnetic flux density in the test specimen are determined by integrating
the voltages induced in a search coil.
The search coil shall be wound as closely as
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.