FprEN 12715

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 12715:2019
01-julij-2019
Izvedba posebnih geotehničnih del - Injektiranje
Execution of special geotechnical work - Grouting - Grouting
Ausführung von Arbeiten im Spezialtiefbau - Injektionen - Injektionen
Execution des travaux geotechniques speciaux - Injection - Injection
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 12715
ICS:
93.020 Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Earthworks. Excavations.
Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod Foundation construction.
zemljo Underground works
oSIST prEN 12715:2019 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

Execution des travaux geotechniques speciaux - Ausführung von Arbeiten im Spezialtiefbau -

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other

language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,

Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 12715:2019 E

European foreword ...................................................................................................................................................... 3

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 4

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 4

3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 5

4 Information needed for the execution of work .................................................................................... 8

4.1 General................................................................................................................................................................ 8

4.2 Specific information ....................................................................................................................................... 8

5 Geotechnical investigation .......................................................................................................................... 9

5.1 General................................................................................................................................................................ 9

5.2 Specific requirements ................................................................................................................................... 9

5.3 Field grouting tiles and field tests .......................................................................................................... 10

6 Materials and products ............................................................................................................................... 10

6.1 General.............................................................................................................................................................. 10

6.2 Grout materials .............................................................................................................................................. 10

6.3 Grouts ................................................................................................................................................................ 11

7 Execution design ........................................................................................................................................... 13

7.1 General.............................................................................................................................................................. 13

7.2 Execution design basis and objectives .................................................................................................. 13

7.3 Grouting principles and methods ........................................................................................................... 14

7.4 Grout .................................................................................................................................................................. 17

7.5 Grout placement ............................................................................................................................................ 18

7.6 Monitoring and control criteria ............................................................................................................... 20

8 Execution ......................................................................................................................................................... 20

8.1 General.............................................................................................................................................................. 20

8.2 Drilling .............................................................................................................................................................. 21

8.3 Grout preparation......................................................................................................................................... 21

8.4 Grout placement ............................................................................................................................................ 22

8.5 Grouting sequences ...................................................................................................................................... 24

9 Supervision, testing and monitoring ..................................................................................................... 24

9.1 General.............................................................................................................................................................. 24

9.2 Testing .............................................................................................................................................................. 24

9.3 Monitoring and control ............................................................................................................................... 25

10 Works preparation ....................................................................................................................................... 26

10.1 General.............................................................................................................................................................. 26

10.2 Documents produced on site .................................................................................................................... 27

11 Special aspects (environment, site safety) .......................................................................................... 28

11.1 General.............................................................................................................................................................. 28

11.2 Health and safety .......................................................................................................................................... 28

11.3 Environmental protection ......................................................................................................................... 28

Annex A (informative) Glossary ............................................................................................................................ 30

Annex B (informative) Grout types —Processes and their characterizing ........................................... 39

ANNEX C (informative) Measurement of grout parameters ....................................................................... 42

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 46

This document (prEN 12715:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 288 “Execution

The general scope of TC 288 is the standardization of the execution procedures for geotechnical works

(including testing and control methods) and of the required material properties. WG18 has been

The design, planning and execution of grouting call for experience and knowledge in this specialized

field. The execution phase requires skilled and qualified personnel and the present document cannot

The document has been prepared to complement EN 1997-1, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design ― Part 1:

General rules and EN 1997-2, Eurocode 7 ― Geotechnical design ― Part 2: Ground investigation and

Until EN 1997-3 is published, the design of grouting works is not clearly defined. In particular, the

boundary between design under the proposed EN 1997-3 and design as part of the execution of

grouting works has not been determined. This document has, therefore, adopted a distinction between

execution design, i.e. the design of grouting methodology and the other phases of design.

Clause 7 “Execution Design” of this document expands on design only where necessary for the

This document provides coverage of the construction and supervision requirements for grouting works.

This document is applicable to the execution, testing and monitoring of geotechnical grouting work.

Grouting for geotechnical purposes (geotechnical grouting) is a process in which the remote placement

of a pumpable material in the ground is indirectly controlled by adjusting its rheological characteristics

and by the manipulation of the placement parameters (pressure, volume and the flow rate).

The following principles and methods of geotechnical grouting are covered by this document:

• grouting without displacement of the host material (permeation, fissure/rock grouting, bulk filling).

• inducing displacement to compensate for ground loss or to stabilize and lift footings, slabs and

Specialized grouting activities, generally associated with structural and/or emergency works, are not

The execution, testing and monitoring of jet grouting work is not covered by this document and is

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 1997-2, Eurocode 7 — Geotechnical design — Part 2: Ground investigation and testing

EN 197-1:2011, Cement — Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for Common

EN 934-1, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 1: Common requirements

EN 934-3, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 3: Admixtures for masonry Mortar —

EN 934-4, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 4: Admixtures for grout for prestressing

EN 934-6, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 6: Sampling, assessment and verification of

EN 480-1, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 1: Test methods. Reference concrete and

EN 480-2, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 2: Test methods. Determination of setting

EN 480-4, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 4: Test methods. Determination of bleeding

EN 480-5, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 5: Test methods. Determination of capillary

EN 480-6, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 6: Test methods. Infrared analysis

EN 480-8, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 8: Test methods. Determination of the

EN 480-10, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 10: Test methods. Determination of water

EN 480-11, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 11: Test methods. Determination of air void

EN 480-12, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 12: Test methods. Determination of the

EN ISO 22282-2, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Geohydraulic testing — Part 2: Water

EN ISO 22282-3, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Geohydraulic testing — Part 3: Water pressure

EN 16228-6, Drilling and foundation equipment. — Safety — Part 6: Jetting, grouting and injection

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

NOTE The definitions given in this chapter cover only the most important terms involved in geotechnical

displacement grouting method which is the injection of a low slump mortar into the soil to

injection of grout into a host medium in such a manner as to deform, compress, or displace the ground

pressure governing the flow in the ground, calculated from the sum of all head losses and head gains in

pumpable material (suspension, solution, emulsion or mortar), introduced into soil or rock, which

pressure applied during the grouting process and measured at defined locations, usually at the pump or

injection of water or grout within existing fractures in the ground to enhance the grout spread and

grout injection of joints or fractures in rock, or pore spaces in soil, without displacing the ground

Note 1 to entry: The term includes permeation (impregnation), fissure and contact grouting.

replacement of interstitial water or gas of a porous medium with a grout, also known as “impregnation”

injection of grout into a host medium in such a manner as not to deform, compress, or displace the

process by which water forms a separate segregation phase from the grout under gravity or pressure

ability of a suspension to minimise bleed and segregation and retain its original properties under

field grouting trials are executed in order to define or validate a grouting methodology

hydraulic binders or cements that are characterized by a particle size d of less than 40 µm

hydraulic binders or cements that are characterized by a particle size d of less than 20 µm

hydraulic binders or cements that are characterized by a particle size d of less than 10 µm

highly particulate grout containing sand and fine aggregates, commonly a concrete with an aggregate

procedure by which additional grout injection holes are located midway between previously grouted

injection pipe perforated at regular intervals where the perforations are covered externally by sleeves

4.1.1 Prior to the execution of the work, all necessary information shall be provided. This information

• the conditions of structures, roads, services, etc. adjacent to the work, including any necessary

• a suitable quality management system, including supervision, monitoring and testing;

• the geometry of the site (boundary conditions, topography, access, slopes, headroom restrictions,

• the existing underground structures, services, known contaminations, and archaeological

• the future or ongoing activities such as dewatering, tunnelling, deep excavations.

• presence of obstructions in the ground (old masonry, anchors, concrete, blocks and boulders etc.);

• any specific requirements for the grouting works, in particular those pertaining to tolerances,

• where available, previous experience with grouting works on or adjacent to the site;

• proposed adjacent enabling or advance works that may affect the grouting works;

• functional requirements for instrumentation and monitoring of potentially affected structures;

• necessity, extent, procedure and content for any survey on the conditions of structures, roads,

4.2.2 The survey shall be carried out and be available prior to the commencement of the work, and its

conclusions shall be used to define the threshold values for any movement which may affect adjacent

4.2.3 Any additional or deviating requirements to this document shall be established and agreed upon

before the commencement of the work and the quality control system shall be suitably amended.

5.1.1 The geotechnical investigation shall fulfil the requirements of EN 1997-2 and the relevant

5.2.1 Relevant experience of the execution of comparable grouting works under similar conditions

and/or in the vicinity of the site should be taken into account when determining the extent of site

investigation (reference to relevant experience is permitted if appropriate means of verification were

5.2.2 The geotechnical investigation report shall be sufficient and available to allow for the reliable

5.2.3 If during grouting the ground conditions differ from those in the geotechnical investigation

5.2.4 For the execution of grouting works, the ground investigation report should contain the

• the relevant physical and chemical characteristics of the ground and groundwater;

• the presence of any anisotropies or permeable horizons which could influence the grouting works;

• the orientation, frequency, and aperture of rock joints and the composition and nature of any infill

• the presence of obstructions that require special drilling and grouting methods or equipment;

• the presence and characteristics of ground that is likely to loosen, soften or become unstable,

5.2.5 Where relevant, the following specific drilling information should be recorded:

• water level at the beginning and end of a run, zones of water loss and gain, measurements of return

5.3.1 Field grouting trials should be executed where initial site investigations and local or comparable

experience is insufficient to support or justify the effectiveness of the grouting project.

NOTE Some indication of in situ groutability can be obtained by permeating reconstituted soil samples with

5.3.2 The trials should provide information on borehole spacing, grout type, procedure and

5.3.3 Detailed records shall be kept of each operation performed during the grouting trials.

6.1.1 All grout components and grouts shall comply with the specifications for the works.

NOTE Where relevant, EN or national standards and/or EN or national regulations could apply.

6.1.2 The suitability of the grout constituents and their combination with the ground shall be

6.1.3 Once established, the sources of grout materials shall not be changed without prior compliance

6.2.1.1 Cements shall comply with EN 197-1 and EN 197-2. Cements that do not comply with

EN 197‑1:2011, Table 1 may be used if considered acceptable for the grouting purpose envisaged.

6.2.1.2 Testing of cements and other binders shall be in accordance with their appropriate method.

6.2.1.3 When selecting the type of hydraulic binder for grout, its grain size distribution shall be

evaluated in relation to the dimensions of the rock apertures or interstitial voids of the ground to be

6.2.1.4 Pozzolans, blast furnace slag, silica fume and fly ash from thermal power plants or any other

6.2.2.1 Natural clays, activated or modified bentonites can be added to cement-based grouts in

order to reduce bleeding and/or filtration under pressure, to vary the viscosity and cohesion (yield) of

6.2.2.2 The mineralogy, particle size, water content, and Atterberg limits of the clay should be

6.2.3.1 Sands, gravels and inert fillers may be added to cement grouts or clay suspensions as

bulking agents or as a means of varying the consistency of the grout, its resistance to wash-out, or its

6.2.3.2 The grain size distribution of sands, gravels and fillers shall be known.

6.2.4.1 Unless potable water is used for grouting, its chemical suitability shall be verified.

6.2.4.2 Sea water can be used provided that the properties of the grout mix are not impaired.

6.2.5.1 The effects of all chemical products and their by-products, including the effect of time,

resulting from the reaction of the chemical products with other components of the grout or with the

surrounding ground shall be considered and comply with relevant environmental legislation.

6.2.5.2 Admixtures may be added to the grout to modify its properties and to control its parameters

such as viscosity, setting time, stability, strength, resistance, cohesion and permeability after placement

6.2.5.3 Admixtures to grout such as superplasticizers, water retaining agents, air entrainers and

others shall be subject to Parts 1, 3, 4 and 6 of EN 934 and EN 480-1 to EN 480-12.

6.3.1.2 The following intrinsic properties shall be considered when choosing a grout:

6.3.2.2 The tendency of suspended solids to flocculate shall be taken into account, particularly

6.3.2.3 The tendency of solids in suspension to settle in water due to gravity forces and their

tendency to bleed under pressure, shall be considered in relation with the nature and properties of the

6.3.2.4 Clay suspensions should be prepared so that the clay particles are thoroughly deflocculated

6.3.3.1 After setting, some types of grouts are not stable with time, and their use should be

6.3.3.2 The effect of syneresis on the properties of the treated ground and on the environment,