ASTM E2461-22

Standard Practice for Determining the Thickness of Glass in Airport Traffic Control Tower Cabs

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This standard procedure facilitates determination of the thickness of a glass construction required to resist a specified design load with a selected probability of breakage.  
5.2 For optical purposes, ATCT cab glass typically utilize only annealed glass products. For this reason, some specifying authorities mandate its use and prohibit heat-strengthened and tempered glass in control cabs. This standard procedure therefore addresses the following glass constructions: annealed monolithic, annealed laminated, and insulating glass fabricated with annealed monolithic or annealed laminated glass, or both. In cases where the specifying authority approves the use of heat-strengthened or fully tempered glass in the control cab or in areas where optical characteristics do not apply but are deemed critical to the facility operation, the NFL values obtained from standard may be adjusted using appropriate Glass Type Factors (GTF) and procedures for their use as specified in Practice E1300.  
5.3 Use of these procedures assume:  
5.3.1 The glass is free of edge damage and is properly glazed,  
5.3.2 The glass has not been subjected to abuse,  
5.3.3 The surface condition of the glass is typical of glass that has been in service for several years and is significantly weaker than freshly manufactured glass due to minor abrasions on exposed surfaces,  
5.3.4 The glass edge support system is sufficiently stiff to limit the lateral deflections of the supported glass edges to less than 1/175 of their lengths. The specified design load shall be used for this calculation, and  
5.3.5 The center of glass deflection shall not result in loss of edge support. Typically maintaining center of glass deflection at or below the magnitude of three times the nominal glass thickness assures that no loss of edge support will occur.  
5.4 Many other factors affect the selection of glass type and thickness. These factors include but are not limited to: thermal stresses, the effects of win...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the thickness of glass installed in airport traffic control towers (ATCT) to resist a specified design loading with a selected probability of breakage less than or equal to either 1 lite per 1000 or 4 lites per 1000 at the first occurrence of the design wind loading.  
1.2 The procedures apply to common outward sloping cab glass designs for which the specified loads do not exceed 15 kPa (313 psf).  
1.3 The procedures assume control tower cab glass has an aspect ratio no greater than 3.  
1.4 The procedures assume control tower cab glass has an area no less than 1.86 m2 (20 ft2).  
1.5 The use of the procedures assumes the following:  
1.5.1 Monolithic and laminated glass installed in ATCTs shall have continuous lateral support along two parallel edges, along any three edges, or along all four edges;  
1.5.2 Insulating glass shall have continuous lateral support along all four edges; and  
1.5.3 Supported glass edges are simply supported and free to slip in plane.  
1.6 The procedures do not apply to any form of wired, patterned, etched, sandblasted, or glass types with surface treatments that reduce the glass strength.  
1.7 The procedures do not apply to drilled, notched, or grooved glass.  
1.8 The procedures address the determination of thickness and construction type to resist a specified design wind load at a selected probability of breakage. The final glass thickness and construction determined also depends upon a variety of other factors (see 5.4).  
1.9 These procedures do not address blast loading on glass.  
1.10 These procedures do not apply to triple-glazed insulating glass units.  
1.11 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, assoc...

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Dec-2022
• ICS: 81.040.20 - Glass in building
• Technical Committee: E06 - Performance of Buildings
• Drafting Committee: E06.52 - Glass Use in Buildings

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2461 − 22
Standard Practice for
Determining the Thickness of Glass in Airport Traffic
1
Control Tower Cabs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2461; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.10 These procedures do not apply to triple-glazed insulat-
ing glass units.
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the thickness
of glass installed in airport traffic control towers (ATCT) to 1.11 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
resist a specified design loading with a selected probability of
breakage less than or equal to either 1 lite per 1000 or 4 lites provided for information only and are not considered standard.
per 1000 at the first occurrence of the design wind loading.
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.2 The procedures apply to common outward sloping cab
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
glass designs for which the specified loads do not exceed
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and to
15 kPa (313 psf).
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to
1.3 The procedures assume control tower cab glass has an
use.
aspect ratio no greater than 3.
1.13 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.4 The procedures assume control tower cab glass has an
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
2 2
area no less than 1.86 m (20 ft ).
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.5 The use of the procedures assumes the following:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.5.1 Monolithic and laminated glass installed in ATCTs
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
shall have continuous lateral support along two parallel edges,
along any three edges, or along all four edges;
2. Referenced Documents
1.5.2 Insulating glass shall have continuous lateral support
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
along all four edges; and
C162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
1.5.3 Supported glass edges are simply supported and free
C1036 Specification for Flat Glass
to slip in plane.
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
1.6 The procedures do not apply to any form of wired,
E1300 Practice for Determining Load Resistance of Glass in
patterned, etched, sandblasted, or glass types with surface
Buildings
treatments that reduce the glass strength.
3
2.2 American Society of Civil Engineers Standard:
1.7 The procedures do not apply to drilled, notched, or
ASCE 7 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other
grooved glass.
Structures
1.8 The procedures address the determination of thickness
3. Terminology
and construction type to resist a specified design wind load at
a selected probability of breakage. The final glass thickness 3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of general terms related to building
and construction determined also depends upon a variety of
other factors (see 5.4). construction used in this practice, refer to Terminology E631,
and for general terms related to glass and glass products, refer
1.9 These procedures do not address blast loading on glass.
to Terminology C162.
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.52 on contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Glass Use in Buildings. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2022. Published March 2023. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2005. Last previous edition in 2017 as E2461-12 (2017). DOI: Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 Alexander
10.1520/E2461-22. Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http://www.asce.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E2461 − 22
1
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: (3) Exceptions—The construction of two 6 mm ( ⁄4 in.)
3.2.1 annealed (AN) glass, n—a flat, monolithic, glass lite of glass plies plus 0.38 mm (0.015 in.) or 0.76 mm (0.030 in.)
1
uniform
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2461 − 12 (Reapproved 2017) E2461 − 22
Standard Practice for
Determining the Thickness of Glass in Airport Traffic
1
Control Tower Cabs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2461; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the thickness of glass installed in airport traffic control towers (ATCT) to resist a
specified design loading with a selected probability of breakage less than or equal to either 1 lite per 1000 or 4 lites per 1000 at
the first occurrence of the design wind loading.
1.2 The procedures apply to common outward sloping cab glass designs for which the specified loads do not exceed 10 kPa (210
15 kPa (313 psf).
1.3 The procedures assume control tower cab glass has an aspect ratio no greater than 2.3.
2 2
1.4 The procedures assume control tower cab glass has an area no less than 1.861.86 m square (20 ft metres (20 square feet).).
1.5 The procedures apply only to annealed monolithic, annealed laminated, or annealed insulating glass having a rectangular or
trapezoidal shape.
1.5 The use of the procedures assumes the following:
1.5.1 Annealed monolithic and annealed Monolithic and laminated glass installed in ATCTs shall have continuous lateral support
along two parallel edges, along any three edges, or along all four edges;
1.5.2 Insulating glass shall have continuous lateral support along all four edges; and
1.5.3 Supported glass edges are simply supported and free to slip in plane.
1.6 The procedures do not apply to any form of wired, patterned, etched, sandblasted, or glass types with surface treatments that
reduce the glass strength.
1.7 The procedures do not apply to any form of heat treated glass, chemically strengthened glass, or any type of glass with surface
treatments intended to increase the glass strength.drilled, notched, or grooved glass.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.52 on Glass Use in
Buildings.
Current edition approved April 1, 2017Dec. 15, 2022. Published April 2017March 2023. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition in 20122017 as E2461-12.
DOI: 10.1520/E2461-12R17.-12 (2017). DOI: 10.1520/E2461-22.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2461 − 22
1.8 The procedures address the determination of thickness and construction type to resist a specified design wind load at a selected
probability of breakage. The final glass thickness and construction determined also depends upon a variety of other factors (see
5.35.4).
1.9 These procedures do not address blast loading on glass.
1.10 These procedures do not apply to triple-glazed insulating glass units.
1.11 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions
to inch-pound units that after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and to determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.13 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
C1036 Specification for Flat Glass
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E1300 Practice for Determining Load Resistance of Glass in Buildings
3
2.2 American Society of Civil Engineers Standard:
ASCE 7 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of general terms related to building construction used in this practice, refer to Terminology E631, and for
general terms related to glass and glass
...