ASTM C162-23
(Terminology)Standard Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
Standard Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C162 − 23
Standard Terminology of
1
Glass and Glass Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C162; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Abbe´ value 5 ~n 2 1!/~n 2 n !
d F C
where n is the refractive index for the helium line at
d
1.1 This terminology defines terms generally used in C14
587.6 nm and n and n are the refractive indices for the
F C
standards with related additional terms from the glass industry.
hydrogen lines at 486.1 nm and 656.3 nm, respectively. See
synonymous term nu-value and related term dispersion.
1.2 In some cases in which a usage is specific to a certain
industry, that is spelled out within the definition. For complete-
abraded—describes a test specimen that has at least a portion
ness and historical purposes, terms that are outdated are listed
of the area under test subjected to an operationally defined
as being archaic. The reader is cautioned that some companies
procedure for mechanical abrasion. The severity and unifor-
or industries may define or use terms differently than the way
mity of abrasion should be sufficient to ensure origin of
these terms are defined within this terminology.
failure substantially in the region of maximum stress.
1.3 Other sources of glass glossaries are National Glass
absorption—a magnitude reduction of electromagnetic energy
2
Association’s GANA Glazing Manual, NGA Engineering Stan-
2 of neither transmission nor reflection, such as sunlight being
dards Manual for Tempered Glass, Laminated Glass Design
2 absorbed by tinted glass.
Guide, and ASTM Committee C-14 standards.
acid polishing—the polishing of a glass surface by acid
2. Referenced Documents
treatment.
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
acoustics—the science of sound and sound control.
C148 Test Methods for Polariscopic Examination of Glass
Containers
air bells—bubbles of irregular shape formed generally during
C336 Test Method for Annealing Point and Strain Point of
the pressing or molding operations in the manufacture of
Glass by Fiber Elongation
optical glass.
C338 Test Method for Softening Point of Glass
C598 Test Method for Annealing Point and Strain Point of alabaster glass—a milky-white glass that diffuses light with-
Glass by Beam Bending
out fiery color.
C813 Test Method for Hydrophobic Contamination on Glass
alcove—a narrow channel to convey molten glass from refiner
by Contact Angle Measurement
to forehearth or to the revolving pot where it is gathered by
C1048 Specification for Heat-Strengthened and Fully Tem-
the Owens machine.
pered Flat Glass
C1172 Specification for Laminated Architectural Flat Glass
alkali—an industrial term for the oxide of sodium or potas-
sium; less frequently of lithium.
3. Terminology
ampoule—a glass container designed to be filled and sealed by
Abbé value—the reciprocal dispersive power, a value used in
fusion of the glass neck.
optical design, expressed mathematically as:
analyzer—a polarizing element, typically positioned between
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glass the specimen being evaluated and the viewer.
and Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.01 on
Nomenclature and Definitions.
anisotropy—a strain pattern inherent in all heat-strengthened
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2023. Published December 2023. Originally
and fully tempered glass. This strain pattern may be visible
approved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C162 – 05 (2015).
under certain lighting conditions. It is a characteristic of
DOI: 10.1520/C0162-23.
2
heat-treated glass and should not be mistaken as
Available from National Glass Association (NGA), 344 Maple Ave. West, Unit
272, Vienna, VA 22180. http://www.glass.org.
discoloration, nonuniform tint or color, or a defect in the
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
glass. The strain pattern does not affect any physical prop-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
erties or performance values of the glass. Also known as
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. iridescence.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C162 − 23
anneal—to attain acceptably low stresses, or desired structure, bait—the tool d
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C162 − 05 (Reapproved 2015) C162 − 23
Standard Terminology of
1
Glass and Glass Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C162; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology defines terms generally used in C14 standards with related additional terms from the glass industry.
1.2 In some cases in which a usage is specific to a certain industry, that is spelled out within the definition. For completeness and
historical purposes, terms that are outdated are listed as being archaic. The reader is cautioned that some companies or industries
may define or use terms differently than the way these terms are defined within this terminology.
1.3 Other sources of glass glossaries are Glass Association of North America’s National Glass Association’s GANA Glazing
2 2 2
Manual, NGA Engineering Standards Manual for Tempered Glass, Laminated Glass Design Guide, and ASTM Committee C-14
standards.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C148 Test Methods for Polariscopic Examination of Glass Containers
C336 Test Method for Annealing Point and Strain Point of Glass by Fiber Elongation
C338 Test Method for Softening Point of Glass
C598 Test Method for Annealing Point and Strain Point of Glass by Beam Bending
C813 Test Method for Hydrophobic Contamination on Glass by Contact Angle Measurement
C1048 Specification for Heat-Strengthened and Fully Tempered Flat Glass
C1172 Specification for Laminated Architectural Flat Glass
3. Terminology
Abbé value—the reciprocal dispersive power, a value used in optical design, expressed mathematically as:
Abbe´ value 5 n 2 1 / n 2 n
~ ! ~ !
d F C
where n is the refractive index for the helium line at 587.6 nm and n and n are the refractive indices for the hydrogen
d F C
lines at 486.1486.1 nm and 656.3 nm, respectively. See synonymous term nu-value and related term dispersion.
abraded—describes a test specimen that has at least a portion of the area under test subjected to an operationally defined
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glass and Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.01 on
Nomenclature and Definitions.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015Oct. 1, 2023. Published November 2015December 2023. Originally approved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 20102015
as C162 – 05 (2010).(2015). DOI: 10.1520/C0162-05R15.10.1520/C0162-23.
2
Available from Glass Association of North America (GANA), 2945 SW Wanamaker Drive, Ste A, Topeka, KS 66614-5321. http://www.glasswebsite.com. National Glass
Association (NGA), 344 Maple Ave. West, Unit 272, Vienna, VA 22180. http://www.glass.org.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C162 − 23
procedure for mechanical abrasion. The severity and uniformity of abrasion should be sufficient to ensure origin of failure
substantially in the region of maximum stress.
absorption—a magnitude reduction of electromagnetic energy of neither transmission nor reflection, such as sunlight being
absorbed by tinted glass.
acid polishing—the polishing of a glass surface by acid treatment.
acoustics—the science of sound and sound control.
air bells—bubbles of irregular shape formed generally during the pressing or molding operations in the manufacture of optical
glass.
alabaster glass—a milky-white glass that diffuses light without fiery color.
alcove—a narrow channel to convey molten glass from refiner to forehearth or to the revolving pot where it is gathered by the
Owens machine.
alkali—an industrial term for the oxide of sodium or potassium; less frequently of lithium.
ampoule—a glass container designed to be filled and sealed by fusion of the glass neck.
analyzer—a polarizing element, typically positioned between the specimen being evaluated and the viewer.
anisotropy—a strain pattern inherent in all heat-strengthened and fully tempered glass. This strain pattern may be visible under
certai
...
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