ASTM E2751/E2751M-21

Standard Practice for Design and Performance of Supported Laminated Glass Walkways

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Glass is a brittle material with different time and temperature-dependent properties than other solid materials used as walkways surfaces. Therefore, the type of glass is an important consideration in the design and construction of glass treads and glass landings constructed with laminated glass.  
4.2 Post-breakage glass retention is an important consideration in the design of a glass walkway system as a means of minimizing tripping, cutting/piercing injuries, or fall-through or fallout of the glass.  
4.3 The structural design shall be confirmed by calculations by a licensed design professional in accordance with Section 5.  
4.4 If testing is required (see 4.4.1 – 4.4.3) to verify post-glass breakage behavior of the glass walkway, the testing shall be in accordance with Section 6.  
4.4.1 For laminates with two glass plies, verification testing is required.  
4.4.2 For laminates with more than two glass plies, verification testing is not required provided that calculations completed in accordance with 4.3 demonstrate that the glass assembly has sufficient strength to sustain the full design load with any one glass ply broken.  
4.4.3 When verifying post-breakage behavior by calculation, allowable glass stress for 10 min load duration in accordance with Table 1 shall be used for all load cases.  
4.5 The manufacturer or designer of glass walkway systems shall provide installation directions and fabrication and installation tolerances of their systems.  
4.6 The structural integrity of the glass walkway system after glass breakage shall be sufficient to support the design loads after any one glass ply is broken. If damage of any kind occurs, the walkway shall be cordoned off and the installation shall be inspected to ensure structural integrity and pedestrian safety of the system.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice addresses elements related to load-bearing glass walkways, glass treads, and glass landings constructed with laminated glass. This standard includes performance, design, and safe behavior considerations. It addresses the characteristics unique to glass and laminated glass. Issues that are common to all walkways, such as slip resistance, are addressed in existing referenced standards.  
1.2 This practice does not address glass walkways constructed with monolithic glass, glass block, insulating glass units, glass tiles that are directly bonded to a non-glass structural substrate, or glass walkways intended to support vehicular traffic.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2021
• ICS: 81.040.20 - Glass in building
• Technical Committee: E06 - Performance of Buildings
• Drafting Committee: E06.52 - Glass Use in Buildings

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2751/E2751M − 21
Standard Practice for
Design and Performance of Supported Laminated Glass
1
Walkways
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE2751/E2751M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice addresses elements related to load-bearing 2.1 ASTM Standards:
glass walkways, glass treads, and glass landings constructed C1036 Specification for Flat Glass
with laminated glass. This standard includes performance, C1048 Specification for Heat-Strengthened and Fully Tem-
design, and safe behavior considerations. It addresses the pered Flat Glass
characteristics unique to glass and laminated glass. Issues that C1172 Specification for Laminated Architectural Flat Glass
are common to all walkways, such as slip resistance, are E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
addressed in existing referenced standards. F1637 Practice for Safe Walking Surfaces
F2508 Practice for Validation, Calibration, and Certification
1.2 This practice does not address glass walkways con-
of Walkway Tribometers Using Reference Surfaces
structed with monolithic glass, glass block, insulating glass
3
2.2 ANSI Standard:
units, glass tiles that are directly bonded to a non-glass
A137.1 American National Standard Specification for Ce-
structural substrate, or glass walkways intended to support
ramic Tile
vehicular traffic.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3. Terminology
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of general terms related to
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
building construction used in this practice, refer to Terminol-
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
ogy E631.
used independently of the other, and values from the two
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
systems shall not be combined.
3.2.1 duration of load—the period of continuous application
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of a given load, or the aggregate of periods of intermittent
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
applications of the same load.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Anyloaddurationlongerthanonehour
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
shall be considered a permanent load. Uniformly distributed
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
live loads shall have a load duration of at least one hour.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
Concentrated live loads shall have a load duration of at least
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ten minutes.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.2 ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) interlayer—co-polymer
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
of ethylene and vinyl acetate used to permanently bond two or
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
more lites of glass.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.52 on contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Glass Use in Buildings. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2021. Published October 2021. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as E2751/E2751M–17a. Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
DOI: 10.1520/E2751_E2751M-21. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E2751/E2751M − 21
3.2.3 glass-clad polycarbonate laminate—assembly con- 4.4.3 When verifying post-breakage behavior by
sisting of two or more lites of glass and one or more sheets of calculation, allowable glass stress for 10 min load duration in
polycarbonate bonded by interlayers. accordance with Table 1 shall be used for all load cases.
3.2.4 ionomer interlayer—a partially neutralized copolymer 4.5 The manufacturer or designe
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2751/E2751M − 17a E2751/E2751M − 21
Standard Practice for
Design and Performance of Supported Laminated Glass
1
Walkways
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2751/E2751M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice addresses elements related to load-bearing glass walkways, glass treads, and glass landings constructed with
laminated glass. This standard includes performance, design, and safe behavior considerations. It addresses the characteristics
unique to glass and laminated glass. Issues that are common to all walkways, such as slip resistance, are addressed in existing
referenced standards.
1.2 This practice does not address glass walkways constructed with monolithic glass, glass block, insulating glass units, glass tiles
that are directly bonded to a non-glass structural substrate, or glass walkways intended to support vehicular traffic.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1036 Specification for Flat Glass
C1048 Specification for Heat-Strengthened and Fully Tempered Flat Glass
C1172 Specification for Laminated Architectural Flat Glass
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E1300 Practice for Determining Load Resistance of Glass in Buildings
F1637 Practice for Safe Walking Surfaces
F2508 Practice for Validation, Calibration, and Certification of Walkway Tribometers Using Reference Surfaces
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.52 on Glass Use in
Buildings.
Current edition approved July 1, 2017Oct. 1, 2021. Published July 2017October 2021. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as
E2751/E2751M–17.–17a. DOI: 10.1520/E2751_E2751M-17A.10.1520/E2751_E2751M-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2751/E2751M − 21
3
2.2 ANSI Standard:
A137.1 American National Standard Specification for Ceramic Tile
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of general terms related to building construction used in this practice, refer to Terminology
E631.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 duration of load—the period of continuous application of a given load, or the aggregate of periods of intermittent
applications of the same load.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
Any load duration longer than one hour shall be considered a permanent load. Uniformly distributed live loads shall have a load
duration of at least one hour. Concentrated live loads shall have a load duration of at least ten minutes.
3.2.2 ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) interlayer—co-polymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate used to permanently bond two or more
lites of glass.
3.2.3 glass-clad polycarbonate laminate—assembly consisting of two or more lites of glass and one or more sheets of
polycarbonate bonded by interlayers.
3.2.4 ionomer interlayer—a partially neutralized copolymer of ethylene and acrylic or methacrylic acid, u
...