ASTM E2353-21

Standard Test Methods for Performance of Glazing in Permanent Railing Systems, Guards, and Balustrades

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures to be followed in testing the performance of glazing in permanent railing systems, guards and balustrades including components such as rails and swing gates or other forms of required guardrail opening protection installed in and for assembly, commercial, educational, industrial, institutional, stadiums, recreational, and residential buildings and other structures such as towers or elevated platforms.  
1.2 These test methods are applicable to such railing, guard, and balustrade systems having glass or other glazing materials as the major structural component or the infill panel including swing gates and other forms of guardrail protection.  
1.3 These test methods can be used to determine whether permanent rails, guards and balustrades including components, having glass or other glazing material comply with requirements of performance specifications, codes, norms, and standards.  
1.4 Specifically, these test methods cover procedures for determining the static strength, impact performance, and post-breakage characteristics of railing systems, guards, and balustrades, including a component with glass or other glazing material installed in one, two, three and four-side support systems fastened to concrete, masonry, wood, metal, and related products.  
1.5 No consideration is given in these test methods to any possible deterioration of the railing, guard, or balustrade system or their connections and fasteners as resulting from adverse environmental or in-service conditions. The performance of special tests covering this aspect may be desirable.  
1.6 These test methods are limited to the application of loads and impact resistance described herein. Whenever uniformly distributed loads are to be resisted by a railing system, guard, or balustrade in accordance with governing specifications, codes, norms, and standards, the effects of such loads on the member stresses shall be determined by calculation and the corresponding concentrated and linear loads shall be tested. Should computations make it possible to provide the needed information, testing can be employed for verification.  
1.7 These test methods address the capability of glass or other glazing material supported by rails, guards, or balustrades, or both, in one, two, three, and four-sided support systems to continue in their function as a barrier by remaining in the designed framing system after impact or glazing breakage. These test methods do not address structural limitation of glazed or glass rails, guards, and balustrades or vehicular guards except when in the area of a pedestrian walkway.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Certain values contained in reference documents cited and quoted herein may be stated in inch-pound units and must be converted by the user.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-May-2021
• ICS: 81.040.20 - Glass in building
• Technical Committee: E06 - Performance of Buildings
• Drafting Committee: E06.56 - Performance of Railing Systems and Glass for Floors and Stairs

Relations

• Refers: ASTM E2358-24 - Standard Specification for Performance of Glazing in Permanent Railing Systems, Guards, and Balustrades
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2024
• Refers: ASTM E329-23 - Standard Specification for Agencies Engaged in Construction Inspection, Testing, or Special Inspection
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM E329-18 - Standard Specification for Agencies Engaged in Construction Inspection, Testing, or Special Inspection
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2018
• Refers: ASTM E2358-17 - Standard Specification for Performance of Glazing in Permanent Railing Systems, Guards, and Balustrades
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2017
• Refers: ASTM E699-16 - Standard Specification for Agencies Involved in Testing, Quality Assurance, and Evaluating of Manufactured Building Components
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2016
• Refers: ASTM E631-15 - Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015
• Refers: ASTM E631-14 - Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2014
• Refers: ASTM E329-14a - Standard Specification for Agencies Engaged in Construction Inspection, Testing, or Special Inspection
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2014
• Refers: ASTM E329-14 - Standard Specification for Agencies Engaged in Construction Inspection, Testing, or Special Inspection
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2014
• Refers: ASTM E329-13c - Standard Specification for Agencies Engaged in Construction Inspection, Testing, or Special Inspection
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2013
• Refers: ASTM E329-13b - Standard Specification for Agencies Engaged in Construction Inspection, Testing, or Special Inspection
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2013
• Refers: ASTM E329-13a - Standard Specification for Agencies Engaged in Construction Inspection, Testing, or Special Inspection
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2013
• Refers: ASTM E329-13 - Standard Specification for Agencies Engaged in Construction Inspection, Testing, or Special Inspection
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2013
• Refers: ASTM E935-13 - Standard Test Methods for Performance of Permanent Metal Railing Systems and Rails for Buildings
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2013
• Refers: ASTM E329-11c - Standard Specification for Agencies Engaged in Construction Inspection, Testing, or Special Inspection
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2011

Overview

ASTM E2353-21 is the standard test method developed by ASTM International for evaluating the performance of glazing in permanent railing systems, guards, and balustrades. This standard applies to systems that use glass or other glazing materials as primary structural components or infill panels, including elements such as rails, swing gates, and other guardrail protections. It is applicable in assembly, commercial, educational, industrial, institutional, stadium, recreational, and residential buildings, as well as in structures like towers and elevated platforms. ASTM E2353-21 provides standardized test procedures to determine whether these systems meet the relevant performance specifications, building codes, and international standards.

Key Topics

• Scope of Testing
  ASTM E2353-21 covers the evaluation of the static strength, impact performance, and post-breakage characteristics of glazing systems. The test methods address glazing supported on one to four sides, anchored to various construction materials such as concrete, masonry, wood, and metal.

• Types of Systems
  The standard classifies railing and guard systems by their glazing support methods, including full four-side support, two-side support, three-side support, point-fixed, and other configurations. It covers both infill panels and structural glass members.

• Test Procedures

  • Static Load Testing: Measures the system’s capacity to resist vertical and horizontal loads as required by performance specifications.
  • Impact Testing: Utilizes shot bag and pendulum impactors to simulate real-world forces such as body impacts or falling objects.
  • Post-Breakage Evaluation: Assesses whether the glazing retains its barrier function after breakage, ensuring shards are contained and openings do not form that would compromise safety.

• Performance Criteria
  The test methods guide stakeholders on classifying the system’s performance regarding retention (ability to keep glazing in place after impact) and containment (minimizing detachment of shards) in compliance with relevant codes and authority requirements.

• Documentation and Reporting
  The standard specifies reporting protocols, including details of the tested system, materials, assembly drawings, load and impact conditions, methods used, and post-test classification.

Applications

ASTM E2353-21 is widely used in:

• Building and Construction Industry: To verify the performance and safety of glass railings, guards, and balustrades in buildings of all types, including high-traffic environments such as stadiums, educational, and institutional facilities.
• Product Development and Quality Assurance: Manufacturers employ these test methods in research, process control, and certification to meet client and regulatory requirements.
• Regulatory Compliance: Architects, engineers, and building inspectors use ASTM E2353-21 to confirm that glazing systems conform to international safety and performance codes before installation.
• Field and Laboratory Testing: Applicable for both laboratory verification and on-site testing of newly installed or pre-fabricated systems.

Related Standards

The following referenced documents and related standards are commonly used alongside ASTM E2353-21:

• ASTM E935: Test Methods for Performance of Permanent Metal Railing Systems and Rails for Buildings
• ASTM E2358: Specification for Performance of Glazing in Permanent Railing Systems, Guards, and Balustrades
• ASTM E329 and ASTM E699: Specifications relevant to testing agencies and manufactured building components
• ANSI Z97.1: American National Standard for Safety Glazing Materials Used in Buildings
• CPSC 16 CFR Part 1201: Safety standards for architectural glazing materials

These standards collectively ensure consistency, safety, and quality in the application and testing of glazing within railing and balustrade systems.

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Keywords: ASTM E2353-21, glazing test methods, railing systems, guards, balustrades, glass railings, building safety, impact resistance, post-breakage retention, construction standards.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2353 − 21
Standard Test Methods for
Performance of Glazing in Permanent Railing Systems,
Guards, and Balustrades
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2353; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope specifications, codes, norms, and standards, the effects of such
loads on the member stresses shall be determined by calcula-
1.1 These test methods cover procedures to be followed in
tion and the corresponding concentrated and linear loads shall
testing the performance of glazing in permanent railing
be tested. Should computations make it possible to provide the
systems, guards and balustrades including components such as
needed information, testing can be employed for verification.
rails and swing gates or other forms of required guardrail
opening protection installed in and for assembly, commercial, 1.7 These test methods address the capability of glass or
educational, industrial, institutional, stadiums, recreational, other glazing material supported by rails, guards, or
and residential buildings and other structures such as towers or balustrades, or both, in one, two, three, and four-sided support
elevated platforms. systems to continue in their function as a barrier by remaining
in the designed framing system after impact or glazing break-
1.2 These test methods are applicable to such railing, guard,
age. These test methods do not address structural limitation of
and balustrade systems having glass or other glazing materials
glazed or glass rails, guards, and balustrades or vehicular
as the major structural component or the infill panel including
guards except when in the area of a pedestrian walkway.
swing gates and other forms of guardrail protection.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
1.3 These test methods can be used to determine whether
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
permanent rails, guards and balustrades including components,
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
having glass or other glazing material comply with require-
Certain values contained in reference documents cited and
ments of performance specifications, codes, norms, and stan-
quoted herein may be stated in inch-pound units and must be
dards.
converted by the user.
1.4 Specifically, these test methods cover procedures for
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
determining the static strength, impact performance, and post-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
breakage characteristics of railing systems, guards, and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
balustrades, including a component with glass or other glazing
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
material installed in one, two, three and four-side support
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
systems fastened to concrete, masonry, wood, metal, and
1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
related products.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.5 No consideration is given in these test methods to any
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
possible deterioration of the railing, guard, or balustrade
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
system or their connections and fasteners as resulting from
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
adverse environmental or in-service conditions. The perfor-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
mance of special tests covering this aspect may be desirable.
2. Referenced Documents
1.6 These test methods are limited to the application of
loads and impact resistance described herein. Whenever uni-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
formly distributed loads are to be resisted by a railing system,
E329 Specification for Agencies Engaged in Construction
guard, or balustrade in accordance with governing
Inspection, Testing, or Special Inspection
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.56
on Performance of Railing Systems and Glass for Floors and Stairs. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 15, 2021. Published July 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E2353 – 16. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E2353-21. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2353 − 21
E699 SpecificationforAgenciesInvolvedinTesting,Quality 3.2.8 stile, n—one of the upright structural members of a
Assurance, and Evaluating of Manufactured Building frame or a framework of bars.
Components
4. Significance and Use
E935 Test Methods for Performance of Permanent Metal
Railing Systems and Rails for Buildings
4.1 These test methods are intended to provide information
E1481 Terminology of Railing Systems and Rails for Build-
from which applicable design and performance data can be
ings
derived for the performance of glass and other glazing mate-
E2358 Specification for Performance of Glazing in Perma-
rialsinrails,guards,andbalustradesystemsasinfillpanelsthat
nent Railing Systems, Guards, and Balustrades
are fastened to concrete, masonry, wood, metal, and related
products, and to the performance of glazing as a structural
2.2 Other Standards:
element of the rail, guard, or balustrade system.
16 CFR Part 1201 CPSC Safety Standard for Architectural
Glazing Materials
4.2 Specification E329 and Practice E699 are standards that
ANSI Z97.1 Standard Glazing Materials Used in Buildings
assist the user of these test methods to apply appropriate
procedures and methods to ensure a quality result is provided.
3. Terminology
4.3 These test methods determine whether railing systems
3.1 Definitions—General terms used in this test method are
comply with requirements of the applicable performance
defined in Terminologies E631 and E1481. Terms common to
specifications.
this test method and referenced test methods are defined in the
4.4 These test methods are intended for use in the buying
respective document unless defined herein.
and selling of railing systems and components according to
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
performance specifications, for use in product development
3.2.1 failure, n—the loss of load carrying capacity or the
research, for use in quality assurance and manufacturing
inability to meet the required load carrying capacity specified
process control, for use in developing performance standards,
in the applicable performance standard, depending on the
and for use in field and laboratory compliance determination.
purpose of the test.
5. Types
3.2.2 glazing retention, v—the property of maintaining the
glassorotherglazingmaterial,postbreakage,inasystem,such
5.1 For purposes of these test methods, rail, guard, and
that the glass or other glazing material must be held in the
balustrade assemblies that incorporate glazing are classified as
framing system with no opening sufficient to pass a 76 mm
types and are described in 5.1.1 through 5.1.6 and as shown in
(3 in.) solid steel sphere through the original plane of the
Figs. 1-6. Each supported edge is indicated by a dashed line
glazing system within a 615 degree slope using a horizontally
(---).
applied force of 18 N (4.0 lb).
5.1.1 Type I—A glazed rail, guard, or balustrade assembly
withasinglefullviewglazingmaterialthatisfullycapturedon
3.2.3 glazing shard containment, n—the property of main-
all sides (that is, four side support).
taining the broken glass or glazing material in essentially one
5.1.2 Type II—A glazed rail, guard, or balustrade assembly
piece with no more than the equivalent weight of 6452 mm
withasinglefullviewormultipleunitsofglazingmaterialthat
(10in. )oftheoriginalspecimendetachingfromthespecimen.
are captured on two sides (that is, two side support).
3.2.4 guardrail opening protection, n—swing gates or other
5.1.3 Type III—Aglazed rail, guard, or balustrade assembly
form of barrier to prevent unintended egress or fall through
with a single full view glazing material that is held in place by
guardrail openings.
apointfixedglazingsystem,cornerbrackets,edgeclampingor
3.2.5 interlayer, n—a layer of material acting as an adhesive
other non-continuous brace along a portion of the glazing.
between plies of a lite of laminated glazing, which adds
5.1.4 Type IV—Aglazed rail, guard, or balustrade assembly
additional performance attributes to the finished product; for
withasinglefullviewglazingmaterialthatisfullycapturedon
example: impact resistance, solar control, and acoustical insu-
three sides (that is, three side support).
lation.
5.1.5 Type V—A glazed rail, guard, or balustrade assembly
3.2.6 lite, n—a term for a single pane (or piece) of glass or
withasinglefullviewglazingmaterialthatisfullycapturedon
other glazing material.
only one side (that is, single side support). A decorative or
protective top rail (Fig. 5b), or a handrail may or may not be
3.2.7 specifying authority, n—the design professional re-
sponsible for interpreting applicable regulations of authorities
having jurisdiction and considering appropriate site specific
factorstodeterminetheappropriatevaluesusedtocalculatethe
specifieddesignloadandfurnishingotherinformationrequired
for performance of specified materials.
Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), 4330 East
West Hwy., Bethesda, MD 20814, http://www.cpsc.gov.
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. FIG. 1 Type I: Four-Side Support—Glazing as Infill
E2353 − 21
FIG. 2 a Type II: Two-Side Support—Single Lite Glazing as Infill
FIG. 4 Type IV: Three-Side Support—Glazing as
Structural Member
FIG. 2 b Type II: Two-Side Support—Single Lite Glazing as Infill
(continued)
FIG. 5 a Type V: One-Side Support—Glazing as
Structural Member
FIG. 2 c Type II: Two-Side Support—Multiple Lite Glazing as Infill
(continued)
FIG. 5 b Type V: One-Side Support with Protective Top
Rail—Glazing as Structural Member (continued)
FIG. 3 a Type III: Point Fixed Glazing System—Glazing as Infill
FIG. 5 c Type V: One-Side Support with Surface Attached / Bolted
Handrail—Glazing as Structural Member (continued)
6. Summary of Test Method
FIG. 3 b Type III: Edge Clamping Glazing System—Glazing as
6.1 The procedure consists of preparing a specimen in
Infill (continued)
accordance with the manufacturers or designers specifications.
The supporting and embedding materials shall be in accor-
dance with intended use. The system or infill material is tested
by applying loads and impacting the glazed portion of the
attached to the glass (Fig. 5c), but does not offer structural
assembly in the prescribed sequence, as outlined in Table 1.
support to the system.
Asymmetrical systems shall be tested from both sides.
5.1.6 Type VI—A glass rail, guard, or balustrade assembly
6.2 Acceptance criteria for performance levels are to be
with a single full view glazing material that is point supported
provided by the specifying authority.Adoption of performance
only(Fig.6).Adecorativeorprotectivetoprailmayormaynot
criteria shall be a matter for authorities having specific juris-
be attached to the glass, but does not offer structural support to
the system. diction.
E2353 − 21
7.4.2 The impactor shall consist of the leather bag described
in Fig. 7, a commercial punching bag with its bladder left in
place,oranyotherleatherbagofnominallyidenticalshapeand
size.Thebagshallbefilledwithleadshotof2.4 mm 60.1mm
diameter (nominal USANo. 71/2 or European No. 7 lead shot)
and taped. After filling with lead shot, the top shall be either
pulled over the metal sleeve and tied with a cord; or twisted
FIG. 6 Type VI: Point Supported Only—Glazing as Structural around the threaded eyebolt shaft and tied below the metal
Member
sleeve, or both. To reduce bag damage during testing, the
exterior of the leather bag surface shall be completely covered
TABLE 1 Test Summary
with glass filament reinforced pressure sensitive polyester
Test 2: Test 3: adhesive tape, 12 mm to 15 mm (0.5 in. to 0.6 in.) in width
Test 1:
Type Glazing Infill Impact Glazing Infill Impact
A
and 0.15 mm (0.006 in.) thick. Tape the entire bag, using three
Frame
B C
1 2
(3) rolls or 165 m (180 yd) total length, and taping in a
Section 12 Shot Bag (Soft Body) Steel (Hard Body)
diagonal-overlapping manner. Tape the neck of the bag
Pendulum Pendulum
I through IV 12.2.4, 13.3 Center 13.4 separately, with additional glass filament reinforced tape of the
12.2.5, and
same kind. The total mass of the impactor assembly shall be
12.2.6
45.4 kg 6 0.1 kg (100 lb 6 4 oz), excluding traction system
V and VI 12.2.4, 13.3 Top Edge 13.4
12.2.5, and
attachments.
12.2.6
7.4.3 A traction system shall be used which enables the
A
Tests performed as outlined in Section 12.
impactor to be brought into its launch position. The launch
B
Tests performed as described in ANSI Z97.1 and 13.3 of this test method.
position depends on the drop height selected. The traction
C
Tests performed as using impactor described in 7.4.
cable shall be connected to the impactor traction system by a
release mechanism, with provisions for rotating the impactor.
7.5 Pendulum Impactor:
7.5.1 Apparatus having a variable mass moving carriage
7. Apparatus
(impact ram), supported by a suspension system of four cables,
shall be used to supply the specified level of impact energy
7.1 Instrumentation, load and time-measuring devices with
with the specifications noted in 7.6 and 7.7.
an accuracy of 62 % of the full scale shall be incorporated in
7.5.2 Theimpactdeviceshallbeapendulumsystemwithan
the test setups. The scale ranges used shall assure that the
impact ram capable of delivering the specified horizontal
performance levels are within an accuracy of 65%.
impact energy.
7.5.3 The mass of the (movable) suspension system shall
7.2 Assembly Support Fixture, an assembly support fixture
notexceed5 %ofthemassoftheimpactram,includingimpact
shall supply the rigidity normally provided to an assembly in a
ram nose, and shall not be included as part of the specified
building by the ceiling, floor, and walls.The support fixture for
impact mass.
thespecimenshallconsistofaverticalwallsectionconstructed
7.5.4 Care shall be taken to prevent impact ram wobble and
from nominal steel or 2 by 4 wood studs, 406 mm (16 in.) on
to ensure that the impact ram is level and perpendicular to the
center, with a rough opening of sufficient size to support the
specimen at impact. No slack in the supporting cables is
test specimen in accordance with the manufacturer specifica-
allowed when retracting the impact ram to the specified drop
tions. The limiting deflection of the wall shall be L/175 (based
on the anticipated loads).
Such as 230 mm (9 in.) diameter by 360 mm (14 in.) high Everlast 4207 (raw,
7.3 Load Attachments, brackets, fasteners, or other devices
fullgrain85 g(3 oz)cowhide)orEverlast4212(split85 g(3 oz)cowhide)available
usedinperformingthesetestsshallbedesignedandattachedso
from Everlast Sports, Bronx, New York, USA. These are tradenames. This
information is given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an
as to minimize their influence on the test results.
endorsement of any product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be
shown to lead to the same results. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please
7.4 Shot Bag, Traction and Release System:
provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will
7.4.1 The test apparatus shall be capable of supporting a 1
receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,
45.4 kg (100 lb) shot bag and allowing unimpeded swinging of which you may attend.
Such as 3M No. 898 (a tradename), or equal. If you are aware of alternative
the shot bag from a drop height of 1220 mm (48 in.). The
suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.
impactor system consists of the impactor, traction, release, and
Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
suspension devices as described in CPSC 16 CFR Part 1201. technical committee, which you may attend.
E2353 − 21
FIG. 7 Shot Bag Impactor
height. The length of the cables in the suspension system 7.7 Impact Nose:
defines the allowable drop height for that system. To prevent
7.7.1 The impact nose shall be 63 mm 6 5 mm (2.5 in. 6
impact ram wobble, it is necessary to use two pairs of cables of
0.2 in.) in diameter and the radial tolerance shall be within
sufficient separation that, hanging unrestrained, are parallel to
3.2 mm (0.125 in.). The nose shall be made of steel. No chips,
each other when viewed perpendicular to the long axis of the
irregularities, or surface blemishes that may affect the outcome
impact ram.
of the impact shall be present on the impact nose.
7.5.5 Use a quick release mechanism that is capable of
holding the impact ram and releasing it in uniform manner
8. Hazards
without imparting any forward motion or acceleration. Provide
a means to ensure that the impact ram does not unintentionally 8.1 Glass breakage may occur during the application of
strike the specimen after the initial impact, that is, rebound and
loads or forces required by the test methods. Take adequate
strike the specimen again.
precautions to protect personnel from broken glass.
7.6 Impactor:
8.2 Glazing anchorage, glass, and other test specimen com-
7.6.1 The impactor shall be a pendulum system made of
ponents may suddenly fail when loads and forces are applied
steel and capable of d
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2353 − 16 E2353 − 21
Standard Test Methods for
Performance of Glazing in Permanent Railing Systems,
Guards, and Balustrades
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2353; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover procedures to be followed in testing the performance of glazing in permanent railing systems, guards
and balustrades including components such as rails and swing gates or other forms of required guardrail opening protection
installed in and for assembly, commercial, educational, industrial, institutional, stadiums, recreational, and residential buildings and
other structures such as towers or elevated platforms.
1.2 These test methods are applicable to such railing, guard, and balustrade systems having glass or other glazing materials as the
major structural component or the infill panel including swing gates and other forms of guardrail protection.
1.3 These test methods can be used to determine whether permanent rails, guards and balustrades including components, having
glass or other glazing material comply with requirements of performance specifications, codes, norms, and standards.
1.4 Specifically, these test methods cover procedures for determining the static strength, impact performance, and post-breakage
characteristics of railing systems, guards, and balustrades, including a component with glass or other glazing material installed in
one, two, three and four-side support systems fastened to concrete, masonry, wood, metal, and related products.
1.5 No consideration is given in these test methods to any possible deterioration of the railing, guard, or balustrade system or their
connections and fasteners as resulting from adverse environmental or in-service conditions. The performance of special tests
covering this aspect may be desirable.
1.6 These test methods are limited to the application of loads and impact resistance described herein. Whenever uniformly
distributed loads are to be resisted by a railing system, guard, or balustrade in accordance with governing specifications, codes,
norms, and standards, the effects of such loads on the member stresses shall be determined by calculation and the corresponding
concentrated and linear loads shall be tested. Should computations make it possible to provide the needed information, testing can
be employed for verification.
1.7 These test methods address the capability of glass or other glazing material supported by rails, guards, or balustrades, or both,
in one, two, three, and four-sided support systems to continue in their function as a barrier by remaining in the designed framing
system after impact or glazing breakage. These test methods do not address structural limitation of glazed or glass rails, guards,
and balustrades or vehicular guards except when in the area of a pedestrian walkway.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.56 on
Performance of Railing Systems and Glass for Floors and Stairs.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2016May 15, 2021. Published March 2016July 2021. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20142016 as
E2353 – 14.E2353 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/E2353-16.10.1520/E2353-21.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2353 − 21
1.8 AllThe values are stated in SI units and are to be regarded as standard. Values The values given in parentheses are for
information only. after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Certain values contained in
reference documents cited and quoted herein may be stated in inch-pound units and must be converted by the user.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E329 Specification for Agencies Engaged in Construction Inspection, Testing, or Special Inspection
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E699 Specification for Agencies Involved in Testing, Quality Assurance, and Evaluating of Manufactured Building Components
E935 Test Methods for Performance of Permanent Metal Railing Systems and Rails for Buildings
E1481 Terminology of Railing Systems and Rails for Buildings
E2025 Test Method for Evaluating Fenestration Components and Assemblies for Resistance to Impact Energies (Withdrawn
2015)
E2358 Specification for Performance of Glazing in Permanent Railing Systems, Guards, and Balustrades
2.2 Other Standards:
16 CFR Part 1201 CPSC Safety Standard for Architectural Glazing Materials
ANSI Z97.1 Standard Glazing Materials Used in Buildings
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—General terms used in this test method are defined in Terminologies E631 and E1481. Terms common to this test
method and referenced test methods are defined in the respective document unless defined herein.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 failure, n—the loss of load carrying capacity or the inability to meet the required load carrying capacity specified in the
applicable performance standard, depending on the purpose of the test.
3.2.2 glazing retention, v—the property of maintaining the glass or other glazing material, post breakage, in a system, such that
the glass or other glazing material must be held in the framing system with no opening sufficient to pass a 76 mm (3 in.) solid steel
sphere through the original plane of the glazing system within a 615 degree slope using a horizontally applied force of 18 N (4.0
lb).
3.2.3 glazing shard containment, n—the property of maintaining the broken glass or glazing material in essentially one piece with
2 2
no more than the equivalent weight of 6452 mm (10 in. ) of the original specimen detaching from the specimen.
3.2.4 guardrail opening protection, n—swing gates or other form of barrier to prevent unintended egress or fall through guardrail
openings.
3.2.5 interlayer, n—a layer of material acting as an adhesive between plies of a lite of laminated glazing, which adds additional
performance attributes to the finished product; for example: impact resistance, solar control, and acoustical insulation.
3.2.6 lite, n—a term for a single pane (or piece) of glass or other glazing material.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), 4330 East West Hwy., Bethesda, MD 20814, http://www.cpsc.gov.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
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3.2.7 specifying authority, n—the design professional responsible for interpreting applicable regulations of authorities having
jurisdiction and considering appropriate site specific factors to determine the appropriate values used to calculate the specified
design load and furnishing other information required for performance of specified materials.
3.2.8 stile, n—one of the upright structural members of a frame or a framework of bars.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 These test methods are intended to provide information from which applicable design and performance data can be derived
for the performance of glass and other glazing materials in rails, guards, and balustrade systems as infill panels that are fastened
to concrete, masonry, wood, metal, and related products, and to the performance of glazing as a structural element of the rail, guard,
or balustrade system.
4.2 Specification E329 and Practice E699 are standards that assist the user of these test methods to apply appropriate procedures
and methods to ensure a quality result is provided.
4.3 These test methods determine whether railing systems comply with requirements of the applicable performance specifications.
4.4 These test methods are intended for use in the buying and selling of railing systems and components according to performance
specifications, for use in product development research, for use in quality assurance and manufacturing process control, for use
in developing performance standards, and for use in field and laboratory compliance determination.
5. Types
5.1 For purposes of these test methods, rail, guard, and balustrade assemblies that incorporate glazing are classified as types and
are described in 5.1.1 through 5.1.55.1.6 and as shown in Figs. 1-6. Each supported edge is indicated by a dashed line (---).
5.1.1 Type I—A glazed rail, guard, or balustrade assembly with a single full view glazing material that is fully captured on all sides
(that is, four side support).
5.1.2 Type II—A glazed rail, guard, or balustrade assembly with a single full view or multiple units of glazing material that are
captured on two sides (that is, two side support).
5.1.3 Type III—A glazed rail, guard, or balustrade assembly with a single full view glazing material that is held in place by a point
fixed glazing system, corner brackets, edge clamping or other non-continuous brace along a portion of the glazing.
5.1.4 Type IV—A glazed rail, guard, or balustrade assembly with a single full view glazing material that is fully captured on three
sides (that is, three side support).
5.1.5 Type V—A glazed rail, guard, or balustrade assembly with a single full view glazing material that is fully captured on only
one side (that is, single side support). A decorative or protective top rail (Fig. 5b), or a handrail may or may not be attached to
the glass (Fig. 5c), but does not offer structural support to the system.
5.1.6 Type VI—A glass rail, guard, or balustrade assembly with a single full view glazing material that is point supported only (Fig.
6). A decorative or protective top rail may or may not be attached to the glass, but does not offer structural support to the system.
FIG. 1 Type I: Four-Side Support—Glazing as Infill
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FIG. 2 a Type II: Two-Side Support—Single Lite Glazing as Infill
FIG. 2 b Type II: Two-Side Support—Single Lite Glazing as Infill (continued)
FIG. 2 c Type II: Two-Side Support—Multiple Lite Glazing as Infill (continued)
FIG. 3 a Type III: Point Fixed Glazing System—Glazing as Infill
FIG. 3 b Type III: Edge Clamping Glazing System—Glazing as
Infill (continued)
6. Summary of Test Method
6.1 The procedure consists of preparing a specimen in accordance with the manufacturers or designers specifications. The
supporting and embedding materials shall be in accordance with intended use. The system or infill material is tested by applying
loads and impacting the glazed portion of the assembly in the prescribed sequence, as outlined in Table 1. Asymmetrical systems
shall be tested from both sides.
6.2 Acceptance criteria for performance levels are to be provided by the specifying authority. Adoption of performance criteria
shall be a matter for authorities having specific jurisdiction.
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FIG. 4 Type IV: Three-Side Support—Glazing as
Structural Member
FIG. 5 a Type V: One-Side Support—Glazing as
Structural Member
FIG. 5 b Type V: One-Side Support with Protective Top
Rail—Glazing as Structural Member (continued)
FIG. 5 c Type V: One-Side Support with Surface Attached / Bolted Handrail—Glazing as Structural Member (continued)
FIG. 6 Type VI: Point Supported Only—Glazing as Structural Member
7. Apparatus
7.1 Instrumentation, load and time-measuring devices with an accuracy of 62 % of the full scale shall be incorporated in the test
setups. The scale ranges used shall assure that the performance levels are within an accuracy of 65 %.
7.2 Assembly Support Fixture, an assembly support fixture shall supply the rigidity normally provided to an assembly in a building
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TABLE 1 Test Summary
Test 2: Test 3:
Test 1:
Type Glazing Infill Impact Glazing Infill Impact
A
Frame
B C
1 2
E935 Shot Bag (Soft Body) Steel (Hard Body)
Section Pendulum Pendulum
I through IV 10.1, 10.5, 13.3 Center 13.4
& 10.6
V and VI 10.1, 10.5, 13.3 Top Edge 13.4
& 10.6
TABLE 1 Test Summary
Test 2: Test 3:
Test 1:
Type Glazing Infill Impact Glazing Infill Impact
A
Frame
B C
1 2
Section 12 Shot Bag (Soft Body) Steel (Hard Body)
Pendulum Pendulum
I through IV 12.2.4, 13.3 Center 13.4
12.2.5, and
12.2.6
V and VI 12.2.4, 13.3 Top Edge 13.4
12.2.5, and
12.2.6
A
Tests performed as outlined in Test MethodsSection 12E935.
B
Tests performed as described in ANSI Z97.1 and 13.3 of this test method.
C
Tests performed as using impactor described in Test Method E2025 and 13.47.4
of this test method.
by the ceiling, floor, and walls. The support fixture for the specimen shall consist of a vertical wall section constructed from
nominal steel or 2 by 4 wood studs, 406 mm (16 in.) on center, with a rough opening of sufficient size to support the test specimen
in accordance with the manufacturer specifications. The limiting deflection of the wall shall be L/175 (based on the anticipated
loads).
7.3 Load Attachments, brackets, fasteners, or other devices used in performing these tests shall be designed and attached so as to
minimize their influence on the test results.
7.4 Shot Bag, Traction and Release System:
7.4.1 The test apparatus shall be capable of supporting a 45.4 kg (100 lb) shot bag and allowing unimpeded swinging of the shot
bag from a drop height of 1220 mm (48 in.). The impactor system consists of the impactor, traction, release, and suspension devices
as described in CPSC 16 CFR Part 1201.
7.4.2 The impactor shall consist of the leather bag described in Fig. 7, a commercial punching bag with its bladder left in place,
or any other leather bag of nominally identical shape and size. The bag shall be filled with lead shot of 2.42.4 mm 6 0.1 mm
diameter (nominal USA No. 71/2 or European No. 7 lead shot) and taped. After filling with lead shot, the top shall be either pulled
over the metal sleeve and tied with a cord; or twisted around the threaded eyebolt shaft and tied below the metal sleeve, or both.
To reduce bag damage during testing, the exterior of the leather bag surface shall be completely covered with glass filament
reinforced pressure sensitive polyester adhesive tape, 1212 mm to 15 mm (0.5(0.5 in. to 0.6 in.) in width and 0.15 mm (0.006 in.)
thick. Tape the entire bag, using three (3) rolls or 165 m (180 yd) total length, and taping in a diagonal-overlapping manner. Tape
the neck of the bag separately, with additional glass filament reinforced tape of the same kind. The total mass of the impactor
assembly shall be 45.445.4 kg 6 0.1 kg (100 lb 6 4 oz), excluding traction system attachments.
7.4.3 A traction system shall be used which enables the impactor to be brought into its launch position. The launch position
depends on the drop height selected. The traction cable shall be connected to the impactor traction system by a release mechanism,
with provisions for rotating the impactor.
Such as 230 mm (9 in.) diameter by 360 mm (14 in.) high Everlast 4207 (raw, full grain 85-g (3-oz)85 g (3 oz) cowhide) or Everlast 4212 (split 85-g (3-oz)85 g (3 oz)
cowhide) available from Everlast Sports, Bronx, New York, USA. These are tradenames. This information is given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an
endorsement of any product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide
this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may
attend.
Such as 3M No. 898 (a tradename), or equal. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your
comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
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FIG. 7 Shot Bag Impactor
7.5 Pendulum Impactor:
7.5.1 Apparatus having a variable mass moving carriage (impact ram), supported by a suspension system of four cables, shall be
used to supply the specified level of impact energy with the specifications noted in 7.6 and 7.7.
7.5.2 The impact device shall be a pendulum system with an impact ram capable of delivering the specified horizontal impact
energy.
7.5.3 The mass of the (movable) suspension system shall not exceed 5 % of the mass of the impact ram, including impact ram
nose, and shall not be included as part of the specified impact mass.
7.5.4 Care shall be taken to prevent impact ram wobble and to ensure that the impact ram is level and perpendicular to the
specimen at impact. No slack in the supporting cables is allowed when retracting the impact ram to the specified drop height. The
length of the cables in the suspension system defines the allowable drop height for that system. To prevent impact ram wobble,
it is necessary to use two pairs of cables of sufficient separation that, hanging unrestrained, are parallel to each other when viewed
perpendicular to the long axis of the impact ram.
7.5.5 Use a quick release mechanism that is capable of holding the impact ram and releasing it in uniform manner without
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imparting any forward motion or acceleration. Provide a means to ensure that the impact ram does not unintentionally strike the
specimen after the initial impact, that is, rebound and strike the specimen again.
7.6 Impactor:
7.6.1 The impactor shall be a pendulum system made of steel and capable of delivering horizontal impacts of up to 100 J
(74 ft-lbf). The striking end of the impactor shall have a removable steel hemispherical nose approximately 30 mm (1.25 in.)
diameter.
7.7 Pendulum Impactor:Impact Nose:
7.4.1 Apparatus specified in Section 6 of Test Method E2025 with the specifications noted in 6.4.2 and 6.4.3.
7.4.2 Impactor:
7.4.2.1 The impactor shall be a pendulum system made of steel and capable of delivering horizontal impacts of up to 100 J
(74 ft-lbf). The striking end of the impactor shall have a removable steel hemispherical nose approximately 30 mm (1.25 in.)
diameter.
7.7.1 Impact Nose: The impact nose shall be 63 mm 6 5 mm (2.5 in. 6 0.2 in.) in diameter and the radial tolerance shall be within
3.2 mm (0.125 in.). The nose shall be made of steel. No chips, irregularities, or surface blemishes that may affect the outcome of
the impact shall be present on the impact nose.
7.4.3.1 The impact nose shall be 63 6 5 mm (2.5 6 0.2 in.) in diameter and the radial tolerance shall be within 3.2 mm ( ⁄8 in.).
The nose shall be made of steel. No chips, irregularities, or surface blemishes that may affect the outcome of the impact shall be
present on the impact nose.
8. Hazards
8.1 Glass breakage may occur during the application of loads or forces required by the te
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