ASTM D6494-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Asphalt Fume Particulate Matter in Workplace Atmospheres as Benzene Soluble Fraction
Standard Test Method for Determination of Asphalt Fume Particulate Matter in Workplace Atmospheres as Benzene Soluble Fraction
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Asphalt is a material used in the construction of roads and as a roofing material and sealant.
5.2 This test method provides a means of evaluating exposure to asphalt fume in the working environment at the presently recommended exposure guidelines (for example, Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices, ACGIH).7
5.3 This procedure has been adapted from NIOSH Method 5023 (withdrawn prior to 4th edition (1994) and replaced in 1998 with NIOSH Method 5042) and OSHA Method 58 to reduce the level of background contamination providing better reproducibility.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of asphalt fume particulate matter (as benzene soluble fraction) and total particulate matter weight in workplace atmospheres using a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter methodology.
1.2 This procedure has been adapted from NIOSH Method 5023 (withdrawn prior to 4th edition (1994) and replaced in 1998 with NIOSH Method 5042) and OSHA Method 58. This adaptation was made to reduce the level of background contamination providing better reproducibility.
1.3 This procedure is compatible with high flow rate personal sampling equipment–0.5 to 2.0 L/min. It can be used for personal or area monitoring.
1.4 The sampling method develops a time-weighted average (TWA) sample and can be used to determine short-term exposure limit (STEL).
1.5 The applicable concentration range for the TWA sample is from 0.2 to 2.0 mg/m3.
Note 1: A study has suggested candidate solvents for benzene replacement.2 A less toxic solvent for this analysis would be more appropriate, although the substitution with a solvent other than benzene needs further validations with field data.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6494 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Asphalt Fume Particulate Matter in
1
Workplace Atmospheres as Benzene Soluble Fraction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6494; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of asphalt
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
fume particulate matter (as benzene soluble fraction) and total
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
particulate matter weight in workplace atmospheres using a
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter methodology.
2. Referenced Documents
3
1.2 This procedure has been adapted from NIOSH Method
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5023 (withdrawn prior to 4th edition (1994) and replaced in
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
1998 with NIOSH Method 5042) and OSHA Method 58. This
Atmospheres
adaptation was made to reduce the level of background
D1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient
contamination providing better reproducibility.
Atmosphere
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
1.3 This procedure is compatible with high flow rate per-
D5337 Practice for Flow RateAdjustment of Personal Sam-
sonal sampling equipment–0.5 to 2.0 L/min. It can be used for
pling Pumps
personal or area monitoring.
D6062 GuideforPersonalSamplersofHealth-RelatedAero-
1.4 Thesamplingmethoddevelopsatime-weightedaverage
sol Fractions
(TWA) sample and can be used to determine short-term
D8358 GuideforAssessmentandInclusionofWallDeposits
exposure limit (STEL).
in the Analysis of Single-Stage Samplers for Airborne
1.5 The applicable concentration range for the TWAsample
Particulate Matter
3
is from 0.2 to 2.0 mg/m .
2.2 Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration (OSHA)
4
NOTE1—Astudyhassuggestedcandidatesolventsforbenzenereplace-
Methods:
2
ment. A less toxic solvent for this analysis would be more appropriate,
OSHA Method 58 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
although the substitution with a solvent other than benzene needs further
2.3 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
validations with field data.
5
(NIOSH) Manual of Analytical Methods:
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
NIOSH Method 5023 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
NIOSH Method 5042 Benzene —Soluble Fraction andTotal
standard.
Particulate (Asphalt Fume)
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2.4 Other Documents:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ISO/IEC17025 Generalrequirementsforthecompetenceof
6
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
testing and calibration laboratories
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3. Terminology
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For more specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to this test
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
method, refer to Terminology D1356.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Quality and is the direct responsibility of Committee D22.04 on Workplace Air Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Quality. the ASTM website.
4
Current edition approved March 1, 2022. Published June 2022. Originally Available from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 200
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D6494 – 99 (2015). Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20210, http://www.osha.gov.
5
DOI: 10.1520/D6494-22. AvailablefromNationalInstituteforOccupationalSafetyandHealth(NIOSH),
2
Sutter, B., Ravera, C., Hussard, C., Langlois, E., “Alternatives for Benzene in Cincinnati, OH. http://www.cdc.gov
6
the Extraction of Bitumen Fume from Exposure Sample Media,” Ann. Occup. Hyg., Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Vol 60, No. 1, 2015, pp. 101–112. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6494 − 99 (Reapproved 2015) D6494 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Asphalt Fume Particulate Matter in
1
Workplace Atmospheres as Benzene Soluble Fraction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6494; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of asphalt fume particulate matter (as benzene soluble fraction) and total particulate
matter weight in workplace atmospheres using a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter methodology.
1.2 This procedure has been adapted from NIOSH Method 5023 (withdrawn prior to 4th edition (1994) and replaced in 1998 with
NIOSH Method 5042) and OSHA Method 58 58. This adaptation was made to reduce the level of background contamination
providing better reproducibility.
1.3 This procedure is compatible with high flow rate personal sampling equipment–0.5 to 2.0 L/min. It can be used for personal
or area monitoring.
1.4 The sampling method develops a time-weighted average (TWA) sample and can be used to determine short-term exposure
limit (STEL).
3
1.5 The applicable concentration range for the TWA sample is from 0.2 to 2.0 mg/m .
2
NOTE 1—A study has suggested candidate solvents for benzene replacement. A less toxic solvent for this analysis would be more appropriate, although
the substitution with a solvent other than benzene needs further validations with field data.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Committee D22.04 on Workplace Air Quality.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015March 1, 2022. Published October 2015June 2022. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20102015 as
D6494 – 99 (2010).(2015). DOI: 10.1520/D6494-99R15.10.1520/D6494-22.
2
Sutter, B., Ravera, C., Hussard, C., Langlois, E., “Alternatives for Benzene in the Extraction of Bitumen Fume from Exposure Sample Media,” Ann. Occup. Hyg., Vol
60, No. 1, 2015, pp. 101–112.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D6494 − 22
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient Atmosphere
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
D5337 Practice for Flow Rate Adjustment of Personal Sampling Pumps
D6062 Guide for Personal Samplers of Health-Related Aerosol Fractions
D8358 Guide for Assessment and Inclusion of Wall Deposits in the Analysis of Single-Stage Samplers for Airborne Particulate
Matter
4
2.2 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Methods:
OSHA Method 58 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
5
2.3 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Manual of Analytical Methods:
NIOSH Method 5023 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
NIOSH Method 5042 Benzene —Soluble Fraction and Total Particulate (Asphalt Fume)
2.4 Other Documents:
6
ISO/IEC 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to this test method, refer to Terminology D1356.
3.1.1 asphalt fume particulate matter—particulate matter generated during the processing of hot asphalt.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A known volume of sample air is passed through a PTFE filter. filter mounted in an appropriate air sampler. Asp
...
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