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ASTM D4600-22

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene-Soluble Particulate Matter in Workplace Atmospheres

Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene-Soluble Particulate Matter in Workplace Atmospheres

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means of evaluating exposures to benzene-soluble particulate matter in a concentration range that can be related to occupational exposures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the sampling and gravimetric determination of benzene-soluble particulate matter that has become airborne as a result of certain industrial processes. This test method can be used to determine the total weight of benzene-soluble materials and to provide a sample that may be used for specific and detailed analyses of the soluble components.  
1.2 The limit of detection is 0.05 mg/m3 by sampling a 1 m3 volume of air.
Note 1: Other volatile organic solvents have been used for this determination and whereas a less toxic solvent for this analysis might be desirable, the substitution of a solvent other than benzene is unwise at this time. A tremendous volume of environmental sampling data based on benzene-soluble determinations has been accumulated over many years in several industries.2 Some of the determinations have been used in epidemiological studies. Furthermore, the use of benzene is specified in existing United States federal standards.3 As a result, it appears imprudent to use a different solvent until the qualitative and quantitative relationship of analyses derived from benzene and a substitute solvent is established. With proper care, benzene can be safely used in the laboratory.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
28-Feb-2022
ICS
13.040.30 - Workplace atmospheres
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.04 - Workplace Air Quality
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D1356-20a - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
01-Sep-2020
Refers
ASTM D1356-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
15-Mar-2020

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4600 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Benzene-Soluble Particulate Matter in
1
Workplace Atmospheres
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4600; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1 Thistestmethoddescribesthesamplingandgravimetric
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
determination of benzene-soluble particulate matter that has
becomeairborneasaresultofcertainindustrialprocesses.This
2. Referenced Documents
test method can be used to determine the total weight of
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
benzene-soluble materials and to provide a sample that may be
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
used for specific and detailed analyses of the soluble compo-
Atmospheres
nents.
D1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient
3 3
1.2 The limit of detection is 0.05 mg/m by sampling a 1 m
Atmosphere
volume of air.
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
NOTE 1—Other volatile organic solvents have been used for this
D5337 Practice for Flow RateAdjustment of Personal Sam-
determination and whereas a less toxic solvent for this analysis might be
pling Pumps
desirable, the substitution of a solvent other than benzene is unwise at this
D8358 GuideforAssessmentandInclusionofWallDeposits
time. A tremendous volume of environmental sampling data based on
in the Analysis of Single-Stage Samplers for Airborne
benzene-soluble determinations has been accumulated over many years in
2
several industries. Some of the determinations have been used in Particulate Matter
5
epidemiological studies. Furthermore, the use of benzene is specified in
2.2 Other Documents:
3
existing United States federal standards. As a result, it appears imprudent
ISO/IEC 17025 General requirements for the competence of
to use a different solvent until the qualitative and quantitative relationship
testing and calibration laboratories
of analyses derived from benzene and a substitute solvent is established.
With proper care, benzene can be safely used in the laboratory.
3. Terminology
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this test
standard. method, refer to Terminology D1356.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 4.1 By the use of a personal sampling pump, air is pulled
throughaglass-fiberfilterheldinasamplingcassette.Thefilter
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. is extracted ultrasonically with benzene. After filtration, an
aliquot of the total extract is evaporated to dryness and the
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- residue weighed.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method provides a means of evaluating expo-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air sures to benzene-soluble particulate matter in a concentration
Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace Air
range that can be related to occupational exposures.
Quality.
Current edition approved March 1, 2022. Published June 2022. Originally
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D4600 – 95 (2016).
4
DOI: 10.1520/D4600-22. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
“Benzene-Soluble Compounds in Air, P&CAM 217,” NIOSH Manual of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Analytical Methods, 2nd Ed., DHEW (NIOSH) Pub. No. 77-157-A, National Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 1977. the ASTM website.
3 5
“Appendix B—Industrial Hygiene and Medical Surveillance Guidelines,” Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
20CFR 1910.1029 Coke Oven Emissions. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor D
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4600 − 95 (Reapproved 2016) D4600 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Benzene-Soluble Particulate Matter in
1
Workplace Atmospheres
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4600; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes the sampling and gravimetric determination of benzene-soluble particulate matter that has become
airborne as a result of certain industrial processes. This test method can be used to determine the total weight of benzene-soluble
materials and to provide a sample that may be used for specific and detailed analyses of the soluble components.
3 3
1.2 The limit of detection is 0.05 mg/m by sampling a 1-m1 m volume of air.
NOTE 1—Other volatile organic solvents have been used for this determination and whereas a less toxic solvent for this analysis might be desirable, the
substitution of a solvent other than benzene is unwise at this time. A tremendous volume of environmental sampling data based on benzene-soluble
2
determinations has been accumulated over many years in several industries. Some of the determinations have been used in epidemiological studies.
3
Furthermore, the use of benzene is specified in existing United States federal standards. As a result, it appears imprudent to use a different solvent until
the qualitative and quantitative relationship of analyses derived from benzene and a substitute solvent is established. With proper care, benzene can be
safely used in the laboratory.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient Atmosphere
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
D5337 Practice for Flow Rate Adjustment of Personal Sampling Pumps
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace Air Quality.
Current edition approved May 15, 2016March 1, 2022. Published May 2016June 2022. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 20102016 as
D4600 – 95 (2010).(2016). DOI: 10.1520/D4600-95R16.10.1520/D4600-22.
2
“Benzene-Soluble Compounds in Air, P&CAM 217,” NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 2nd Ed., DHEW (NIOSH) Pub. No. 77-157-A, National Institute of
Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 1977.
3
“Appendix B—Industrial Hygiene and Medical Surveillance Guidelines,” 20CFR 1910.1029 Coke Oven Emissions.
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4600 − 22
D8358 Guide for Assessment and Inclusion of Wall Deposits in the Analysis of Single-Stage Samplers for Airborne Particulate
Matter
5
2.2 Other Documents:
ISO/IEC 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1356.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 By the use of a personal sampling pump, air is pulled through a glass-fiber filter held in a sampling cassette. The filter is
extracted ultrasonically with benzene. After filtration, an aliquot of the total extract i
...

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1.1 This test method uses a chamber system to evaluate the performance of stationary PM2.5 sensors (sensors) and particle sensor systems (sensor systems) subjected to various test conditions, including temperature, relative humidity, PM2.5 concentration, and coarse PM interferent concentration.  
1.1.1 This test method covers sensors and sensor systems that can be continuously powered and continuously operated for the duration of any test described in this method through line power or an internal battery of sufficient output. This test method is not meant to evaluate sensors or sensor systems without these capabilities.  
1.1.2 This test method evaluates the performance of sensors and sensor systems that allow users to collect data in a systemic manner to assess the capabilities and limitations of these devices.  
1.1.3 This test method is not meant to evaluate sensors or sensor systems without data storage and recording capabilities.  
1.1.4 This test method is not intended to evaluate indoor air quality sensors and sensor systems for purposes of regulation of outdoor air, homeland security, law enforcement or forensic activity.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7439-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Elements in Airborne Particulate Matter by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The health of workers in many industries is at risk through exposure by inhalation to toxic metals and metalloids. Industrial hygienists and other public health professionals need to determine the effectiveness of measures taken to control workplace exposure. This is generally achieved by making workplace air measurements. This test method has been developed to make available a standard methodology for valid exposure measurements for a wide range of metals and metalloids that are used in industry. It will be of benefit to agencies concerned with health and safety at work; analytical laboratories; industrial hygienists and other public health professionals; industrial users of metals and metalloids and their workers; and other groups.  
5.2 This test method specifies a generic method for determination of the concentration of metals and metalloids in workplace air samples using ICP-MS. For many metals and metalloids, analysis by ICP-MS may be advantageous, when compared to methods such as ICP atomic emission spectrometry, due to its sensitivity and the presence of fewer spectral interferences.  
5.3 The analysis results can be used for the assessment of workplace exposures to metals and metalloids in workplace air.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for sample preparation and analysis of airborne particulate matter for the content of metals and metalloids in workplace air samples using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This test method can be used for other air samples provided the user ensures the validity of the test method (by ensuring that appropriate data quality objectives can be achieved).  
1.2 This test method assumes that samples will have been collected in accordance with Test Method D7035 with consideration of guidance regarding wall deposits provided in Guide D8358.  
1.3 This test method should be used by analysts experienced in the use of ICP-MS, the interpretation of spectral and matrix interferences and procedures for their correction.  
1.4 This test method specifies a number of alternative methods for preparing test solutions from samples of airborne particulate matter. One of the specified sample preparation methods is applicable to the measurement of soluble metal or metalloid compounds. Other specified methods are applicable to the measurement of total metals and metalloids.  
1.5 It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for samples collected from untested matrices.  
1.6 Table 1 provides a non-exclusive list of metals and metalloids for which one or more of the sample dissolution methods specified in this document is applicable.  
1.7 This test method is not applicable to compounds of metals and metalloids that are present in the gaseous or vapor state.  
1.8 Table 3 provides examples of instrumental detection limits (IDL) that can be achieved with this test method. Table 5 provides examples of method detection limits (MDL) that can be achieved.  
1.9 No detailed operating instructions are provided because of differences among various makes and models of suitable ICP-MS instruments. Instead, the analyst shall follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of the particular instrument. This test method does not address comparative accuracy of different devices or the precision between instruments of the same make and model.  
1.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.11 This test method contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of the method.  
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.13 Th...

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ASTM
ASTM D4766-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Vinyl Chloride in Workplace Atmospheres (Charcoal Tube Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) is the starting material for the manufacture of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), which is used extensively in construction, electronics, packaging, and other industries. The vinyl chloride gas can escape during manufacturing, transportation, and polymerization stages. Residual monomer can also escape during subsequent fabrication processes.  
5.2 Vinyl chloride is a toxic and explosive hazardous material.  
5.3 Vinyl chloride is suspected to be a carcinogenic agent (4), and occupational exposure limits (OELs) have been established for this agent. For instance, the present U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limit (PEL) for VCM is 1.0 ppm (v) with a 0.5-ppm (v) action level; the maximum length of operator exposure at 5 ppm (v) is 15 min (5).  
5.4 This test method is made selective for vinyl chloride by choosing chromatographic columns that will separate vinyl chloride from other organic compounds in the sample.  
5.5 This test method meets requirements (for example, those of OSHA and NIOSH) for monitoring workplace atmospheres in vinyl chloride and poly(vinyl chloride) production and fabrication processes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) in workplace atmospheres using a modified charcoal tube method (see Practice D3686).  
1.2 This procedure is compatible with low-flow rate personal sampling equipment. It can be used for personal or stationary monitoring. It cannot be used to determine instantaneous fluctuations in concentration to detect maximum values. Alternative on-site procedures, such as gas chromatography or infrared spectrometry, are required to measure fast-changing concentrations.  
1.3 The range of this test method is from the limit of quantitation approximately 0.03 to 100 ppm (v).  
1.4 The sampling method provides a time-weighted average sample.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary statements, see Section 9, 10.2.3, and 11.1.3.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4597-10(2021)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling Workplace Atmospheres to Collect Gases or Vapors with Solid Sorbent Diffusive Samplers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Regulations such as those promulgated by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration in Title 29CFR 1910.1000 designate that certain hazardous gases and vapors must not be present in the workplace air at concentrations above specific values.  
5.2 This practice, when used in conjunction with an analytical technique, such as that given for organic compounds in Test Method D3687, may provide a means for the determination of time-weighted airborne concentrations of many of the hazardous gases and vapors in applicable regulations (for example, Title 29CFR 1910.1000), as well as others.  
5.3 The manufacturer’s literature should be consulted for the appropriate list of chemicals which may be sampled by a particular device.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the sampling of workplace atmospheres for the presence of certain gases or vapors by means of diffusion across a specified quiescent region and subsequent sorption on a solid sorbent (1).2  
1.2 A list of organic compounds which are applicable to solid sorbent sampling where the sorbent is contained in a bed through which air is passed is given in Annex A1 of Practice D3686. Diffusive samplers may be applicable to a similar range of compounds but this must be confirmed by reference to the individual sampler manufacturer’s literature.  
1.3 The valid use of diffusive samplers depends on the existence of actual laboratory or field validation, or both. Guidance on validation can be obtained from published protocols (2-6). This practice is not designed to cover the verification, validation, or specific test procedures used to assess the accuracy or precision of diffusive samplers.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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