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ASTM D8404-21

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Preparation of Soil Samples by Ammonium Bifluoride-Nitric Acid Digestion for Subsequent Analysis for Metals and Metalloids

Standard Practice for Preparation of Soil Samples by Ammonium Bifluoride-Nitric Acid Digestion for Subsequent Analysis for Metals and Metalloids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There is a need to monitor the content of metals and metalloids in order to determine the presence of potential hazards. Hence, effective and efficient methods are required for the preparation of soil samples for determination of metals and metalloids present therein.  
5.2 This practice may be used for the digestion of soil samples that are collected during various construction and renovation and hazard survey activities in and around buildings and related structures. The practice is also suitable for the digestion of soil samples for metal and metalloid analyses collected from other locations, such as near roads and steel structures. For some other extraction procedures, see Practices D3974.  
5.3 This practice is intended to be used to prepare samples that have been collected for hazard assessment purposes but may be used for other applications such as, for example, monitoring the effectiveness of remediation activities.  
5.4 This practice may be capable of determining metals and metalloids bound within matrices, such as silica, that are not soluble in nitric acid alone.  
5.5 This practice includes drying and homogenization steps to help assure that reported results are representative of the sample and are independent of potential differences in soil moisture levels among different sampling locations or changing weather conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers drying, homogenization, and ammonium bifluoride-nitric acid digestion of soil samples and associated quality control (QC) samples for the determination of metals and metalloids using laboratory atomic spectrometry analysis techniques such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). For ammonium bifluoride-nitric acid digestion of airborne dust and dust-wipe samples for the determination of metals and metalloids, see Practice D8344.  
1.2 This practice is based on U.S. EPA SW 846, Test Method 3050, Test Method D7202, and Practice D8344.  
1.3 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this standard.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Aug-2021
ICS
13.040.30 - Workplace atmospheres
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.04 - Workplace Air Quality
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D1356-20a - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
01-Sep-2020
Refers
ASTM D1356-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
15-Mar-2020

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ASTM D8404-21 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Soil Samples by Ammonium Bifluoride-Nitric Acid Digestion for Subsequent Analysis for Metals and MetalloidsASTM D8404-21 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Soil Samples by Ammonium Bifluoride-Nitric Acid Digestion for Subsequent Analysis for Metals and Metalloids
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ASTM D8404-21 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Soil Samples by Ammonium Bifluoride-Nitric Acid Digestion for Subsequent Analysis for Metals and Metalloids
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D8404 −21
Standard Practice for
Preparation of Soil Samples by Ammonium Bifluoride-Nitric
Acid Digestion for Subsequent Analysis for Metals and
1
Metalloids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8404; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice covers drying, homogenization, and am- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
monium bifluoride-nitric acid digestion of soil samples and D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
associated quality control (QC) samples for the determination Fluids
of metals and metalloids using laboratory atomic spectrometry D1129Terminology Relating to Water
analysis techniques such as inductively coupled plasma mass D1193Specification for Reagent Water
spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma atomic D1356Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), flame atomic absorption Atmospheres
spectrometry (FAAS), and graphite furnace atomic absorption D3974Practices for Extraction of Trace Elements from
spectrometry (GFAAS). For ammonium bifluoride-nitric acid Sediments
digestion of airborne dust and dust-wipe samples for the D4840Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
determination of metals and metalloids, see Practice D8344. D7202Test Method for Determination of Beryllium in the
WorkplacebyExtractionandOpticalFluorescenceDetec-
1.2 This practice is based on U.S. EPA SW 846, Test
tion
Method 3050, Test Method D7202, and Practice D8344.
D8344Practice for Ammonium Bifluoride and Nitric Acid
1.3 Thispracticecontainsnotesthatareexplanatoryandare
Digestion of Airborne Dust and Dust-Wipe Samples for
not part of the mandatory requirements of this standard.
the Determination of Metals and Metalloids
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as E288Specification for Laboratory Glass Volumetric Flasks
E882Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in the
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
providedforinformationonlyandarenotconsideredstandard. Chemical Analysis Laboratory
E1154Specification for Piston or Plunger Operated Volu-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
metric Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E1605Terminology Relating to Lead in Buildings
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E1727Practice for Field Collection of Soil Samples for
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Subsequent Lead Determination
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3
2.2 U.S. Government Analytical Method:
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
U.S. EPASW 846Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Physical/Chemical Methods
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
2
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD22onAirQuality the ASTM website.
3
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on WorkplaceAir Quality. AvailablefromUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA),William
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2021. Published October 2021. DOI: 10.1520/ Jefferson Clinton Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460,
E8404-21. http://www.epa.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8404−21
4
2.3 ISO Standards: 3.1.8.1 Discussion—Analysis results for these samples are
ISO Guide 30Terms and Definitions Used in Connection used to provide information on the precision and accuracy of
with Reference Materials the overall process.
ISO 1042Laboratory glassware — One-mark volumetric
4. Summary of Practice
flasks
ISO/IEC 17011Conformity assessment—Requirements for 4.1 Arepresentative soil sample is dried and homogenized,
accreditation bodies accrediting conformity assessment andthendigested(inabatchmodewithothersamples)inahot
blockusingammoniumbifluoride
...

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5.1 Exposure to beryllium can cause a potentially fatal disease, and occupational exposure limits for beryllium in air and on surfaces have been established to reduce exposure risks to potentially affected workers (4-7). Sampling and analytical methods for beryllium are needed in order to meet the challenges relating to exposure assessment and risk reduction. Sampling and analysis methods, such as the procedure described in this test method, are desired in order to facilitate on-site and fixed-site laboratory measurement of trace beryllium. Beryllium analysis results can then be used as a basis for exposure assessment and protection of human health.
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5.1 Asphalt is a material used in the construction of roads and as a roofing material and sealant.  
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1.4 The sampling method develops a time-weighted average (TWA) sample and can be used to determine short-term exposure limit (STEL).  
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1.13 Th...

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1.1 This guide describes criteria to be used in defining air sampling strategies for workplace health and safety monitoring or evaluation. Sampling criteria such as duration, frequency, number, location, method, equipment, and timing are all considered.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides criteria to be used in defining strategies for sampling for metals and metalloids on surfaces for workplace health and safety monitoring or evaluation.  
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1.3 Sampling for volatile organometallic species (for example, trimethyl tin) is not within the scope of this guide.  
1.4 Sampling to determine levels of metals or metalloids on the skin is not within the scope of this guide.  
1.5 Sampling for airborne particulate matter is not within the scope of this guide. Guide E1370 provides information on air sampling strategies.  
1.6 Where surface sampling is prescribed by law or regulation, this guide is not intended to take the place of any requirements that may be specified in such law or regulation.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Poor indoor air quality has been implicated in significant adverse acute and chronic impacts on occupant health and performance. The ability to assess the components contributing to poor indoor air quality is critical for determining best practices for improving indoor air quality.  
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4597-10(2021)(Practice)
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5.3 The manufacturer’s literature should be consulted for the appropriate list of chemicals which may be sampled by a particular device.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the sampling of workplace atmospheres for the presence of certain gases or vapors by means of diffusion across a specified quiescent region and subsequent sorption on a solid sorbent (1).2  
1.2 A list of organic compounds which are applicable to solid sorbent sampling where the sorbent is contained in a bed through which air is passed is given in Annex A1 of Practice D3686. Diffusive samplers may be applicable to a similar range of compounds but this must be confirmed by reference to the individual sampler manufacturer’s literature.  
1.3 The valid use of diffusive samplers depends on the existence of actual laboratory or field validation, or both. Guidance on validation can be obtained from published protocols (2-6). This practice is not designed to cover the verification, validation, or specific test procedures used to assess the accuracy or precision of diffusive samplers.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4766-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Vinyl Chloride in Workplace Atmospheres (Charcoal Tube Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) is the starting material for the manufacture of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), which is used extensively in construction, electronics, packaging, and other industries. The vinyl chloride gas can escape during manufacturing, transportation, and polymerization stages. Residual monomer can also escape during subsequent fabrication processes.  
5.2 Vinyl chloride is a toxic and explosive hazardous material.  
5.3 Vinyl chloride is suspected to be a carcinogenic agent (4), and occupational exposure limits (OELs) have been established for this agent. For instance, the present U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limit (PEL) for VCM is 1.0 ppm (v) with a 0.5-ppm (v) action level; the maximum length of operator exposure at 5 ppm (v) is 15 min (5).  
5.4 This test method is made selective for vinyl chloride by choosing chromatographic columns that will separate vinyl chloride from other organic compounds in the sample.  
5.5 This test method meets requirements (for example, those of OSHA and NIOSH) for monitoring workplace atmospheres in vinyl chloride and poly(vinyl chloride) production and fabrication processes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) in workplace atmospheres using a modified charcoal tube method (see Practice D3686).  
1.2 This procedure is compatible with low-flow rate personal sampling equipment. It can be used for personal or stationary monitoring. It cannot be used to determine instantaneous fluctuations in concentration to detect maximum values. Alternative on-site procedures, such as gas chromatography or infrared spectrometry, are required to measure fast-changing concentrations.  
1.3 The range of this test method is from the limit of quantitation approximately 0.03 to 100 ppm (v).  
1.4 The sampling method provides a time-weighted average sample.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary statements, see Section 9, 10.2.3, and 11.1.3.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    sale 15% off