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ASTM D8405-21

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluating PM2.5 Sensors or Sensor Systems Used in Indoor Air Applications

Standard Test Method for Evaluating PM<inf>2.5</inf> Sensors or Sensor Systems Used in Indoor Air Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Poor indoor air quality has been implicated in significant adverse acute and chronic impacts on occupant health and performance. The ability to assess the components contributing to poor indoor air quality is critical for determining best practices for improving indoor air quality.  
5.2 Measurement of pollutants in indoor environments using sensors and sensor systems provides information needed to improve indoor air quality through pollutant source control, ventilation, filtration or other treatments.  
5.3 This method uses a test characterization chamber system equipped with reference monitor(s) to evaluate the response of test sensors or test sensor systems to specific types of particles (for example, salt, polystyrene latex, or dust). To facilitate reproducible results, the test particles used within this method are standardized and have known properties. The user is cautioned that a single particle type is not representative of all particles found indoors. The relative response of test sensors or test sensor systems to a reference monitor can vary by a factor of two for different particle types (for example, primary or secondary, organic or inorganic, outdoor or indoor origin; see 6.11.3 for further discussion). Furthermore, the user is cautioned that the lower limit of particle size detection for optical test sensors and test sensor systems is generally 0.3 μm in diameter; particles below this size are generally undetected and may represent a significant health concern as well.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method uses a chamber system to evaluate the performance of stationary PM2.5 sensors (sensors) and particle sensor systems (sensor systems) subjected to various test conditions, including temperature, relative humidity, PM2.5 concentration, and coarse PM interferent concentration.  
1.1.1 This test method covers sensors and sensor systems that can be continuously powered and continuously operated for the duration of any test described in this method through line power or an internal battery of sufficient output. This test method is not meant to evaluate sensors or sensor systems without these capabilities.  
1.1.2 This test method evaluates the performance of sensors and sensor systems that allow users to collect data in a systemic manner to assess the capabilities and limitations of these devices.  
1.1.3 This test method is not meant to evaluate sensors or sensor systems without data storage and recording capabilities.  
1.1.4 This test method is not intended to evaluate indoor air quality sensors and sensor systems for purposes of regulation of outdoor air, homeland security, law enforcement or forensic activity.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Aug-2021
ICS
13.040.30 - Workplace atmospheres
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.05 - Indoor Air
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D6330-20 - Standard Practice for Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (Excluding Formaldehyde) Emissions from Wood-Based Panels Using Small Environmental Chambers Under Defined Test Conditions
Effective Date
01-Mar-2020
Refers
ASTM D1356-20a - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
01-Sep-2020
Refers
ASTM D1356-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
15-Mar-2020

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ASTM D8405-21 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating PM<inf>2.5</inf> Sensors or Sensor Systems Used in Indoor Air ApplicationsASTM D8405-21 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating PM<inf>2.5</inf> Sensors or Sensor Systems Used in Indoor Air Applications
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ASTM D8405-21 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating PM<inf>2.5</inf> Sensors or Sensor Systems Used in Indoor Air Applications
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8405 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating PM Sensors or Sensor Systems Used in
2.5
1
Indoor Air Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8405; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This test method uses a chamber system to evaluate the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
performance of stationary PM sensors (sensors) and particle
2.5
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
sensor systems (sensor systems) subjected to various test
conditions, including temperature, relative humidity, PM
2.5
2. Referenced Documents
concentration, and coarse PM interferent concentration.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1.1 This test method covers sensors and sensor systems
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
that can be continuously powered and continuously operated
Atmospheres
for the duration of any test described in this method through
D3670 Guide for Determination of Precision and Bias of
line power or an internal battery of sufficient output. This test
Methods of Committee D22
method is not meant to evaluate sensors or sensor systems
D6330 Practice for Determination of Volatile Organic Com-
without these capabilities.
pounds(ExcludingFormaldehyde)EmissionsfromWood-
1.1.2 This test method evaluates the performance of sensors
Based Panels Using Small Environmental Chambers Un-
andsensorsystemsthatallowuserstocollectdatainasystemic
der Defined Test Conditions
manner to assess the capabilities and limitations of these
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
devices.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1.3 This test method is not meant to evaluate sensors or
E3080 Practice for Regression Analysis with a Single Pre-
sensor systems without data storage and recording capabilities.
dictor Variable
1.1.4 This test method is not intended to evaluate indoor air
3
quality sensors and sensor systems for purposes of regulation
2.2 International Standards Organization (ISO) Standards:
of outdoor air, homeland security, law enforcement or forensic
ISO 8573-1 Requirements for the purity of compressed air
activity.
with respect to particles, water, and oil
ISO 12103-1 Road vehicles — Test contaminants for filter
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
evaluation — Part 1: Arizona test dust
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
ISO 17025 General requirements for the competence of
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
testing and calibration laboratories
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
2.3 United States (U.S.) Code of Federal Regulations
that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
4
(CFR):
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
Title 40 Part 53 Requirements for ambient particulate instru-
as requirements of the standard.
ments to attain U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(EPA) Federal Equivalent Method (FEM) designations
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Title 40 Part 58 Terminology relating to particulate matter
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
fractions
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Central Secretariat, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air. Switzerland, https://www.iso.org.
4
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2021. Published October 2021. DOI: 10.1520/ Available from U.S. Government Publishing Office (GPO), 732 N. Capitol St.,
D8405-21. NW, Washington, DC 20401, http://www.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International,
...

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1.13 Th...

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SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides criteria to be used in defining strategies for sampling for metals and metalloids on surfaces for workplace health and safety monitoring or evaluation.  
1.2 Guidance provided by this standard is intended for sampling of metals and metalloids on surfaces for subsequent analysis using methods such as atomic spectrometry, mass spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence, or molecular fluorescence. Guidance for evaluation of data after sample analysis is included.  
1.3 Sampling for volatile organometallic species (for example, trimethyl tin) is not within the scope of this guide.  
1.4 Sampling to determine levels of metals or metalloids on the skin is not within the scope of this guide.  
1.5 Sampling for airborne particulate matter is not within the scope of this guide. Guide E1370 provides information on air sampling strategies.  
1.6 Where surface sampling is prescribed by law or regulation, this guide is not intended to take the place of any requirements that may be specified in such law or regulation.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Practice for Preparation of Soil Samples by Ammonium Bifluoride-Nitric Acid Digestion for Subsequent Analysis for Metals and Metalloids

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5.1 There is a need to monitor the content of metals and metalloids in order to determine the presence of potential hazards. Hence, effective and efficient methods are required for the preparation of soil samples for determination of metals and metalloids present therein.  
5.2 This practice may be used for the digestion of soil samples that are collected during various construction and renovation and hazard survey activities in and around buildings and related structures. The practice is also suitable for the digestion of soil samples for metal and metalloid analyses collected from other locations, such as near roads and steel structures. For some other extraction procedures, see Practices D3974.  
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5.4 This practice may be capable of determining metals and metalloids bound within matrices, such as silica, that are not soluble in nitric acid alone.  
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Standard Practice for Sampling Workplace Atmospheres to Collect Gases or Vapors with Solid Sorbent Diffusive Samplers

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5.1 Regulations such as those promulgated by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration in Title 29CFR 1910.1000 designate that certain hazardous gases and vapors must not be present in the workplace air at concentrations above specific values.  
5.2 This practice, when used in conjunction with an analytical technique, such as that given for organic compounds in Test Method D3687, may provide a means for the determination of time-weighted airborne concentrations of many of the hazardous gases and vapors in applicable regulations (for example, Title 29CFR 1910.1000), as well as others.  
5.3 The manufacturer’s literature should be consulted for the appropriate list of chemicals which may be sampled by a particular device.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the sampling of workplace atmospheres for the presence of certain gases or vapors by means of diffusion across a specified quiescent region and subsequent sorption on a solid sorbent (1).2  
1.2 A list of organic compounds which are applicable to solid sorbent sampling where the sorbent is contained in a bed through which air is passed is given in Annex A1 of Practice D3686. Diffusive samplers may be applicable to a similar range of compounds but this must be confirmed by reference to the individual sampler manufacturer’s literature.  
1.3 The valid use of diffusive samplers depends on the existence of actual laboratory or field validation, or both. Guidance on validation can be obtained from published protocols (2-6). This practice is not designed to cover the verification, validation, or specific test procedures used to assess the accuracy or precision of diffusive samplers.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4766-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Vinyl Chloride in Workplace Atmospheres (Charcoal Tube Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) is the starting material for the manufacture of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), which is used extensively in construction, electronics, packaging, and other industries. The vinyl chloride gas can escape during manufacturing, transportation, and polymerization stages. Residual monomer can also escape during subsequent fabrication processes.  
5.2 Vinyl chloride is a toxic and explosive hazardous material.  
5.3 Vinyl chloride is suspected to be a carcinogenic agent (4), and occupational exposure limits (OELs) have been established for this agent. For instance, the present U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limit (PEL) for VCM is 1.0 ppm (v) with a 0.5-ppm (v) action level; the maximum length of operator exposure at 5 ppm (v) is 15 min (5).  
5.4 This test method is made selective for vinyl chloride by choosing chromatographic columns that will separate vinyl chloride from other organic compounds in the sample.  
5.5 This test method meets requirements (for example, those of OSHA and NIOSH) for monitoring workplace atmospheres in vinyl chloride and poly(vinyl chloride) production and fabrication processes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) in workplace atmospheres using a modified charcoal tube method (see Practice D3686).  
1.2 This procedure is compatible with low-flow rate personal sampling equipment. It can be used for personal or stationary monitoring. It cannot be used to determine instantaneous fluctuations in concentration to detect maximum values. Alternative on-site procedures, such as gas chromatography or infrared spectrometry, are required to measure fast-changing concentrations.  
1.3 The range of this test method is from the limit of quantitation approximately 0.03 to 100 ppm (v).  
1.4 The sampling method provides a time-weighted average sample.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary statements, see Section 9, 10.2.3, and 11.1.3.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    sale 15% off