ETSI EN 303 681-4 V1.1.2 (2020-06)

ETSI EN 303 681-4 V1.1.2 (2020-06)
EUROPEAN STANDARD
Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS);
Radio Equipment (RE) information models and protocols
for generalized software reconfiguration architecture;
Part 4: generalized Radio Programming Interface (gRPI)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 ETSI EN 303 681-4 V1.1.2 (2020-06)
Reference
REN/RRS-0231
Keywords
architecture, interface, radio, SDR, software,
system
ETSI
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print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any

existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the prevailing version of an ETSI

deliverable is the one made publicly available in PDF format at www.etsi.org/deliver.

Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.

Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at

If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:

No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying

The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.

DECT™, PLUGTESTS™, UMTS™ and the ETSI logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.

3GPP™ and LTE™ are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and

oneM2M™ logo is a trademark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and

Intellectual Property Rights ................................................................................................................................ 4

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................. 4

Modal verbs terminology .................................................................................................................................... 4

1 Scope ........................................................................................................................................................ 5

2 References ................................................................................................................................................ 5

2.1 Normative references ......................................................................................................................................... 5

2.2 Informative references ........................................................................................................................................ 5

3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations ....................................................................................... 6

3.1 Terms .................................................................................................................................................................. 6

3.2 Symbols .............................................................................................................................................................. 7

3.3 Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................................................... 7

4 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 8

5 System Requirement Mapping ............................................................................................................... 10

6 Radio Virtual Machine specification ...................................................................................................... 10

6.1 Concept of RVM .............................................................................................................................................. 10

6.2 Elementary RVM (eRVM) ............................................................................................................................... 12

6.3 RVM Hierarchy ................................................................................................................................................ 15

6.4 Data types ......................................................................................................................................................... 17

6.4.1 Types and Values ........................................................................................................................................ 17

6.4.2 Run-Time Data ........................................................................................................................................... 17

6.5 Arithmetic......................................................................................................................................................... 17

6.6 Exceptions ........................................................................................................................................................ 17

6.7 Control, Synchronization and Execution .......................................................................................................... 17

6.8 Operations with Memory .................................................................................................................................. 18

6.9 RVM run-time environment ............................................................................................................................. 18

7 Configcodes for RVM ............................................................................................................................ 19

7.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 19

7.2 Configcodes generation .................................................................................................................................... 19

7.3 Binary format for Configcodes ......................................................................................................................... 20

7.4 XML schema for Configcodes ......................................................................................................................... 24

8 Radio Library ......................................................................................................................................... 29

8.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 29

8.2 Reference Radio Library .................................................................................................................................. 30

8.3 Native Radio Library ........................................................................................................................................ 30

9 Loading, Linking and Initialization ........................................................................................................ 31

10 Compiling for RVM (Front-End Compilation) ...................................................................................... 32

Annex A (informative): Mapping between XML and Binary ............................................................ 33

Annex B (informative): SFB Candidate ............................................................................................... 34

Annex C (informative): Replacement of selected components of an existing RAT .......................... 36

Annex D (informative): Introducing new SFBs ................................................................................... 37

Annex E (informative): Synchronous Approach ................................................................................. 38

History .............................................................................................................................................................. 42

IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information

pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found

in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in

respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web

Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee

can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web

The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.

ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no

right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does

not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.

This European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS).

The present document is part 4 of a multi-part deliverable covering the Radio Equipment (RE) information models and

In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and

"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of

"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.

The scope of the present document is to define the generalized Radio Programming Interface (gRPI) for radio

equipment reconfiguration except for reconfigurable mobile devices which are covered in [i.4] to [i.9]. The work is

based on the Use Cases defined in ETSI TR 103 585 [i.1], on the system requirements defined in ETSI EN 303 641 [1]

and on the radio reconfiguration related architecture for radio equipment defined in ETSI EN 303 648 [i.2].

The present document will be based on ETSI EN 303 146-4 [i.9] and provide a generalized interface definition for the

References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or

non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the

Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at

NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee

The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.

[1] ETSI EN 303 641: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Radio Equipment (RE) reconfiguration

References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or

non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the

NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee

The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the

[i.1] ETSI TR 103 585: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Radio Equipment (RE) reconfiguration

[i.2] ETSI EN 303 648: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Radio Equipment (RE) reconfiguration

[i.3] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the

harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of

[i.4] ETSI EN 302 969: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Radio Reconfiguration related

[i.5] ETSI EN 303 095: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Radio reconfiguration related

[i.6] ETSI EN 303 146-1: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Mobile Device (MD) information

[i.7] ETSI EN 303 146-2: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Mobile Device (MD) information

[i.8] ETSI EN 303 146-3: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Mobile Device (MD) information

[i.9] ETSI EN 303 146-4: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Mobile Device (MD) information

[i.10] ETSI EN 303 681-1: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Radio Equipment (RE) information

models and protocols for generalized software reconfiguration architecture; Part 1: generalized

[i.11] ETSI EN 303 681-2: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Radio Equipment (RE) information

models and protocols for generalized software reconfiguration architecture; Part 2: generalized

[i.12] ETSI EN 303 681-3: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Radio Equipment (RE) information

models and protocols for generalized software reconfiguration architecture; Part 3: generalized

Abstract Processing Element (APE): abstracts computational resource that executes any computations downloaded

NOTE: APE is connected with input and output DOs. APE is reactive. Any computations are started if all input

basic operations: operations either provided by the Radio Library and/or UDFB Set to eRVM or by the Radio Library

NOTE: Each Basic Operation is mapped to a corresponding APE in the case of eRVM or mapped to a

data flow chart: reactive data flow computational model consisting of data and operators where data are connected

NOTE: Operators abstract computations. They are triggered by full data. Results of operator computations are

NOTE: DO provides a container for storing data. It can be empty if no data in the container or it can be full if

there is data in the container. DO is allocated in the infinite and flat memory. Any RVM has access to this

memory. One or a few APEs from RVM can be connected with DO. DO acknowledges connected APEs

dynamic operation: operation that is performed by allocating the computational resources during run-time for each

NOTE 1: The resources are deallocated upon completion of the corresponding operation.

NOTE 2: Dynamic operation is available only in the case of RERC-7 defined in ETSI EN 303 641 [1]. In other

words, dynamic operation is needed when RA requires the dynamic resource sharing.

native radio library: library providing platform-specific description of each SFB that represents the target platform

Radio Equipment (RE): "an electrical or electronic product, which intentionally emits and/or receives radio waves for

the purpose of radio communication and/or radiodetermination, or an electrical or electronic product which must be

completed with an accessory, such as antenna, so as to intentionally emit and/or receive radio waves for the purpose of

NOTE: The definition above is as defined in the Radio Equipment Directive, Article 2(1)(1) [i.3].

radio library authority: authority empowered to decide which components can be registered as new SFBs

NOTE: Any suitable organization can take the role of a Radio Library Authority. The choice of the organization

Radio Virtual Machine (RVM): abstract machine that supports reactive and concurrent executions

NOTE: A RVM may be implemented as a controlled execution environment that allows the selection of a trade-

off between flexibility of base band code development and required (re-)certification efforts.

Radio Virtual Machine Runtime Environment (RVM RE): software that allows running Radio Applications that

reconfigurable mobile device: mobile device with radio communication capabilities providing support for radio

NOTE: Reconfigurable mobile devices include but are not limited to: smartphones, feature phones, tablets, and

NOTE: There may be multiple such Reference Radio Libraries. For a given RA, a unique Reference Radio

Software Intermediate Representation (SWIR): RA representation as data flow chart

NOTE: SWIR file contains information on all terminal objects, their parameters (cost, implement function, size,

terminal operation: operation that will always be executed without any other interruption

NOTE 1: Furthermore, terminal operation cannot be decomposed into smaller operations.

NOTE 2: "Terminal operations" are equivalent to "atomic operations", but additionally it indicates that a hierarchy

is being used in which the "terminal operations" are on the lowest level of hierarchy and they can be part

A reconfigurable RE is capable of running multiple radios simultaneously, changing the set of radios by loading new

Radio Application Packages (RAP) and setting their parameters. All Radio Applications (RAs) are called Unified Radio

Applications (URAs) when they exhibit a common behaviour from the reconfigurable RE's point of view in ETSI

EN 303 648 [i.2]. In order to run multiple URAs, the reconfigurable RE will include Communication Services Layer

(CSL), Radio Control Frameworks (RCFs), Radio Platforms and 4 sets of interfaces for their interconnection.

Figure 4.1 illustrates the Reconfigurable RE architecture with the 4 sets of interfaces, i.e.:

• gRPI for allowing an independent and uniform production of RAs which is the scope of the present document.

Figure 4.2 illustrates UML class diagram for Radio Computer interfaces. The reconfigurable RE may be seen as a set of

multiple Radio Computers where individual URAs are engineered as software entities in ETSI EN 303 648 [i.2].

While UML is used for defining the information model and protocol related to gRPI, other modelling languages could

The Radio Programming Interface and its related components described in the present document shall support the

system requirements shown in table 5.1 referring to clause 6 of ETSI EN 303 641 [1]. This is achieved by introducing

Radio Programming R-FUNC-RER-04 The requirement shall be as described in clause 6.4.4 of [1].

Radio Virtual Machine R-FUNC-RER-13 The requirement shall be as described in clause 6.4.13 of [1].

Radio Library R-FUNC-FB-06 A library extension shall be supported. The requirement shall

As introduced in ETSI EN 303 648 [i.2], the Radio Virtual Machine (RVM) is an Abstract Machine which is capable of

executing Configcodes and it is independent of the hardware. The implementation of a RVM is target Radio Computer

specific and it shall have access to the Back-end Compiler (on the platform itself or externally as described in ETSI

EN 303 648 [i.2], clause 4.4.1) for Just-In-Time (JIT) or Ahead-Of-Time (AOT) compilation of Configcodes.

This clause describes the concept of RVM. As mentioned above, the RVM is an abstract machine, which executes a

particular algorithm presented as a data flow chart. In other words, the RVM is the result of replacing all operators and

tokens in the particular data flow chart with Abstract Processing Elements (APEs) and Data Objects (DOs),

respectively. Each APE executes computations marked by the replaced operator identifier. These computations are

Figure 6.1 illustrates a conceptual view of RVM processing. This process requires APE, DO and Radio Library, of

• APE abstracts a computational resource corresponding to the operation in a particular data flow chart.

• DO abstracts a memory resource. In other words, DO is an abstracted memory for storing data used during the

• Reference/Native Radio Library includes normative definitions/native implementation of all Standard

Functional Blocks (SFBs) [i.5] for front-end/back-end compilation. Note that the computations included in the

Radio Library are represented in terms of normative definitions or native implementations of SFBs depending

upon whether the Radio Library is used for front-end or back-end compilation, respectively.

NOTE 1: User Defined Functional Blocks (UDFBs) will be created through combination of SFBs and represented

as a data flow chart to be executed in the RVM. Alternatively, a UDFB is implemented as a stand-alone

ii) into an eRVM/RVM (i.e. not atomic). UDFBs are not in general included into the Radio Library,

The RVM begins to work immediately after some DOs initialization. All APEs shall execute computations

asynchronously and concurrently. An individual APE shall execute the allocated operator if all the corresponding input

DOs are full. APEs shall access DOs with operations "read", "read-erase", or "write". After reading input data from

DOs, the APE shall execute the allocated operator and, if output DOs are empty, then the APE shall write processed

data. Any full output DO shall block the corresponding writing operation. The RVM shall execute computations until

reaching the state when all APEs become inactive. In this state, there are not enough full DOs, which can activate the

inactive operators. The result of computations are full DOs, which cannot activate the inactive operators.

NOTE 2: An Output DO can become an Input DO for a subsequent operator. Then, this input DO can activate the

NOTE 3: The state or operation of a given APE is independent on the state of other APEs. I.e. each APE is atomic.

This clause describes the eRVM which shall consist of components of Basic Operations, Program memory, Control

Unit (CU), Abstract Switch Fabric (ASF) as well as APEs and DOs, of which the definitions are as follows. eRVM shall

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 303 681-4 V1.1.2:2020
01-julij-2020
Radijski sistemi z možnostjo preoblikovanja (RRS) - Informacijski modeli in
protokoli za radijsko opremo (RE) za splošno arhitekturo preoblikovanja
programske opreme - 4. del: Splošni radijski programski vmesnik (gRPI)
Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS) - Radio Equipment (RE) information models and

protocols for generalized software reconfiguration architecture - Part 4: generalized

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or

print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any

existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the prevailing version of an ETSI

deliverable is the one made publicly available in PDF format at www.etsi.org/deliver.

Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.

Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at

If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:

No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying

The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.

DECT™, PLUGTESTS™, UMTS™ and the ETSI logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.

3GPP™ and LTE™ are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and

oneM2M™ logo is a trademark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and

Intellectual Property Rights ................................................................................................................................ 4

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................. 4

Modal verbs terminology .................................................................................................................................... 4

1 Scope ........................................................................................................................................................ 5

2 References ................................................................................................................................................ 5

2.1 Normative references ......................................................................................................................................... 5

2.2 Informative references ........................................................................................................................................ 5

3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations ....................................................................................... 6

3.1 Terms .................................................................................................................................................................. 6

3.2 Symbols .............................................................................................................................................................. 7

3.3 Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................................................... 7

4 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 8

5 System Requirement Mapping ............................................................................................................... 10

6 Radio Virtual Machine specification ...................................................................................................... 10

6.1 Concept of RVM .............................................................................................................................................. 10

6.2 Elementary RVM (eRVM) ............................................................................................................................... 12

6.3 RVM Hierarchy ................................................................................................................................................ 15

6.4 Data types ......................................................................................................................................................... 17

6.4.1 Types and Values ........................................................................................................................................ 17

6.4.2 Run-Time Data ........................................................................................................................................... 17

6.5 Arithmetic......................................................................................................................................................... 17

6.6 Exceptions ........................................................................................................................................................ 17

6.7 Control, Synchronization and Execution .......................................................................................................... 17

6.8 Operations with Memory .................................................................................................................................. 18

6.9 RVM run-time environment ............................................................................................................................. 18

7 Configcodes for RVM ............................................................................................................................ 19

7.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 19

7.2 Configcodes generation .................................................................................................................................... 19

7.3 Binary format for Configcodes ......................................................................................................................... 20

7.4 XML schema for Configcodes ......................................................................................................................... 24

8 Radio Library ......................................................................................................................................... 29

8.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 29

8.2 Reference Radio Library .................................................................................................................................. 30

8.3 Native Radio Library ........................................................................................................................................ 30

9 Loading, Linking and Initialization ........................................................................................................ 31

10 Compiling for RVM (Front-End Compilation) ...................................................................................... 32

Annex A (informative): Mapping between XML and Binary ............................................................ 33

Annex B (informative): SFB Candidate ............................................................................................... 34

Annex C (informative): Replacement of selected components of an existing RAT .......................... 36

Annex D (informative): Introducing new SFBs ................................................................................... 37

Annex E (informative): Synchronous Approach ................................................................................. 38

History .............................................................................................................................................................. 42

IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information

pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found

in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in

respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web

Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee

can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web

The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.

ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no

right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does

not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.

This draft European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Reconfigurable Radio Systems

(RRS), and is now submitted for the combined Public Enquiry and Vote phase of the ETSI standards EN Approval

The present document is part 4 of a multi-part deliverable covering the Radio Equipment (RE) information models and

Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 6 months after doa

In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and

"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of

"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.

The scope of the present document is to define the generalized Radio Programming Interface (gRPI) for radio

equipment reconfiguration except for reconfigurable mobile devices which are covered in [i.4] to [i.9]. The work is

based on the Use Cases defined in ETSI TR 103 585 [i.1], on the system requirements defined in ETSI EN 303 641 [1]

and on the radio reconfiguration related architecture for radio equipment defined in ETSI EN 303 648 [i.2].

The present document will be based on ETSI EN 303 146-4 [i.9] and provide a generalized interface definition for the

References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or

non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the

Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at

NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee

[1] ETSI EN 303 641: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Radio Equipment (RE) reconfiguration

References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or

non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the

NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee

The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the

[i.1] ETSI TR 103 585: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Radio Equipment (RE) reconfiguration

[i.2] ETSI EN 303 648: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Radio Equipment (RE) reconfiguration

[i.3] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the

harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of

[i.4] ETSI EN 302 969: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Radio Reconfiguration related

[i.5] ETSI EN 303 095: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Radio reconfiguration related

[i.6] ETSI EN 303 146-1: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Mobile Device (MD) information

[i.7] ETSI EN 303 146-2: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Mobile Device (MD) information

[i.8] ETSI EN 303 146-3: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Mobile Device (MD) information

[i.9] ETSI EN 303 146-4: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Mobile Device (MD) information

[i.10] ETSI EN 303 681-1: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Radio Equipment (RE) information

models and protocols for generalized software reconfiguration architecture; Part 1: generalized

[i.11] ETSI EN 303 681-2: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Radio Equipment (RE) information

models and protocols for generalized software reconfiguration architecture; Part 2: generalized

[i.12] ETSI EN 303 681-3: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Radio Equipment (RE) information

models and protocols for generalized software reconfiguration architecture; Part 3: generalized

Abstract Processing Element (APE): abstracts computational resource that executes any computations downloaded

NOTE: APE is connected with input and output DOs. APE is reactive. Any computations are started if all input

basic operations: operations either provided by the Radio Library and/or UDFB Set to eRVM or by the Radio Library

NOTE: Each Basic Operation is mapped to a corresponding APE in the case of eRVM or mapped to a

data flow chart: reactive data flow computational model consisting of data and operators where data are connected

NOTE: Operators abstract computations. They are triggered by full data. Results of operator computations are

NOTE: DO provides a container for storing data. It can be empty if no data in the container or it can be full if

there is data in the container. DO is allocated in the infinite and flat memory. Any RVM has access to this

memory. One or a few APEs from RVM can be connected with DO. DO acknowledges connected APEs

dynamic operation: operation that is performed by allocating the computational resources during run-time for each

NOTE 1: The resources are deallocated upon completion of the corresponding operation.

NOTE 2: Dynamic operation is available only in the case of RERC-7 defined in ETSI EN 303 641 [1]. In other

words, dynamic operation is needed when RA requires the dynamic resource sharing.

native radio library: library providing platform-specific description of each SFB that represents the target platform

Radio Equipment (RE): "an electrical or electronic product, which intentionally emits and/or receives radio waves for

the purpose of radio communication and/or radiodetermination, or an electrical or electronic product which must be

completed with an accessory, such as antenna, so as to intentionally emit and/or receive radio waves for the purpose of

NOTE: The definition above is as defined in the Radio Equipment Directive, Article 2(1)(1) [i.3].

radio library authority: authority empowered to decide which components can be registered as new SFBs

NOTE: Any suitable organization can take the role of a Radio Library Authority. The choice of the organization

Radio Virtual Machine (RVM): abstract machine that supports reactive and concurrent executions

NOTE: A RVM may be implemented as a controlled execution environment that allows the selection of a trade-

off between flexibility of base band code development and required (re-)certification efforts.

Radio Virtual Machine Runtime Environment (RVM RE): software that allows running Radio Applications that

reconfigurable mobile device: mobile device with radio communication capabilities providing support for radio

NOTE: Reconfigurable mobile devices include but are not limited to: smartphones, feature phones, tablets, and

NOTE: There may be multiple such Reference Radio Libraries. For a given RA, a unique Reference Radio

Software Intermediate Representation (SWIR): RA representation as data flow chart

NOTE: SWIR file contains information on all terminal objects, their parameters (cost, implement function, size,

terminal operation: operation that will always be executed without any other interruption

NOTE 1: Furthermore, terminal operation cannot be decomposed into smaller operations.

NOTE 2: "Terminal operations" are equivalent to "atomic operations", but additionally it indicates that a hierarchy

is being used in which the "terminal operations" are on the lowest level of hierarchy and they can be part

A reconfigurable RE is capable of running multiple radios simultaneously, changing the set of radios by loading new

Radio Application Packages (RAP) and setting their parameters. All Radio Applications (RAs) are called Unified Radio

Applications (URAs) when they exhibit a common behaviour from the reconfigurable RE's point of view in ETSI

EN 303 648 [i.2]. In order to run multiple URAs, the reconfigurable RE will include Communication Services Layer

(CSL), Radio Control Frameworks (RCFs), Radio Platforms and 4 sets of interfaces for their interconnection.

Figure 4.1 illustrates the Reconfigurable RE architecture with the 4 sets of interfaces, i.e.:

• gRPI for allowing an independent and uniform production of RAs which is the scope of the present document.

Figure 4.2 illustrates UML class diagram for Radio Computer interfaces. The reconfigurable RE may be seen as a set of

multiple Radio Computers where individual URAs are engineered as software entities in ETSI EN 303 648 [i.2].

While UML is used for defining the information model and protocol related to gRPI, other modelling languages could

The Radio Programming Interface and its related components described in the present document shall support the

system requirements shown in table 5.1 referring to clause 6 of ETSI EN 303 641 [1]. This is achieved by introducing

Radio Programming R-FUNC-RER-04 The requirement shall be as described in clause 6.4.4 of [1].

Radio Virtual Machine R-FUNC-RER-13 The requirement shall be as described in clause 6.4.13 of [1].

Radio Library R-FUNC-FB-06 A library extension shall be supported. The requirement shall

As introduced in ETSI EN 303 648 [i.2], the Radio Virtual Machine (RVM) is an Abstract Machine which is capable of

executing Configcodes and it is independent of the hardware. The implementation of a RVM is target Radio Computer

specific and it shall have access to the Back-end Compiler (on the platform itself or externally as described in ETSI

EN 303 648 [i.2], clause 4.4.1) for Just-in-Time (JIT) or Ahead-of-Time (AOT) compilation of Configcodes.

This clause describes the concept of RVM. As mentioned above, the RVM is an abstract machine, which executes a

particular algorithm presented as a data flow chart. In other words, the RVM is the result of replacing all operators and

tokens in the particular data flow chart with Abstract Processing Elements (APEs) and Data Objects (DOs),

respectively. Each APE executes computations marked by the replaced operator identifier. These computations are

Figure 6.1 illustrates a conceptual view of RVM processing. This process requires APE, DO and Radio Library, of

• APE abstracts a computational resource corresponding to the operation in a particular data flow chart.

• DO abstracts a memory resource. In other words, DO is an abstracted memory for storing data used during the

• Reference/Native Radio Library includes normative definitions/native implementation of all Standard

Functional Blocks (SFBs) [i.5] for front-end/back-end compilation. Note that the computations included in the

Radio Library are represented in terms of normative definitions or native implementations of SFBs depending

upon whether the Radio Library is used for front-end or back-end compilation, respectively.

NOTE 1: User Defined Functional Blocks (UDFBs) will be created through combination of SFBs and represented

as a data flow chart to be executed in the RVM. Alternatively, a UDFB is implemented as a stand-alone

ii) into an eRVM/RVM (i.e. not atomic). UDFBs are not in general included into the Radio Library,

The RVM begins to work immediately after some DOs initialization. All APEs shall execute computations

Draft ETSI EN 303 681-4 V1.1.2 (2020-03)
EUROPEAN STANDARD
Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS);
Radio Equipment (RE) information models and protocols
for generalized software reconfiguration architecture;
Part 4: generalized Radio Programming Interface (gRPI)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 Draft ETSI EN 303 681-4 V1.1.2 (2020-03)
Reference
REN/RRS-0231
Keywords
architecture, interface, radio, SDR, software,
system
ETSI
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Intellectual Property Rights ................................................................................................................................ 4

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................. 4

Modal verbs terminology .................................................................................................................................... 4

1 Scope ........................................................................................................................................................ 5

2 References ................................................................................................................................................ 5

2.1 Normative references ......................................................................................................................................... 5

2.2 Informative references ........................................................................................................................................ 5

3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations ....................................................................................... 6

3.1 Terms .................................................................................................................................................................. 6

3.2 Symbols .............................................................................................................................................................. 7

3.3 Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................................................... 7

4 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 8

5 System Requirement Mapping ............................................................................................................... 10

6 Radio Virtual Machine specification ...................................................................................................... 10

6.1 Concept of RVM .............................................................................................................................................. 10

6.2 Elementary RVM (eRVM) ............................................................................................................................... 12

6.3 RVM Hierarchy ................................................................................................................................................ 15

6.4 Data types ......................................................................................................................................................... 17

6.4.1 Types and Values ........................................................................................................................................ 17

6.4.2 Run-Time Data ........................................................................................................................................... 17

6.5 Arithmetic......................................................................................................................................................... 17

6.6 Exceptions ........................................................................................................................................................ 17

6.7 Control, Synchronization and Execution .......................................................................................................... 17

6.8 Operations with Memory .................................................................................................................................. 18

6.9 RVM run-time environment ............................................................................................................................. 18

7 Configcodes for RVM ............................................................................................................................ 19

7.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 19

7.2 Configcodes generation .................................................................................................................................... 19

7.3 Binary format for Configcodes ......................................................................................................................... 20

7.4 XML schema for Configcodes ......................................................................................................................... 24

8 Radio Library ......................................................................................................................................... 29

8.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 29

8.2 Reference Radio Library .................................................................................................................................. 30

8.3 Native Radio Library ........................................................................................................................................ 30

9 Loading, Linking and Initialization ........................................................................................................ 31

10 Compiling for RVM (Front-End Compilation) ...................................................................................... 32

Annex A (informative): Mapping between XML and Binary ............................................................ 33

Annex B (informative): SFB Candidate ............................................................................................... 34

Annex C (informative): Replacement of selected components of an existing RAT .......................... 36

Annex D (informative): Introducing new SFBs ................................................................................... 37

Annex E (informative): Synchronous Approach ................................................................................. 38

History .............................................................................................................................................................. 42

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This draft European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Reconfigurable Radio Systems

(RRS), and is now submitted for the combined Public Enquiry and Vote phase of the ETSI standards EN Approval

The present document is part 4 of a multi-part deliverable covering the Radio Equipment (RE) information models and

Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 6 months after doa

In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and

"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of

"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.

The scope of the present document is to define the generalized Radio Programming Interface (gRPI) for radio

equipment reconfiguration except for reconfigurable mobile devices which are covered in [i.4] to [i.9]. The work is

based on the Use Cases defined in ETSI TR 103 585 [i.1], on the system requirements defined in ETSI EN 303 641 [1]

and on the radio reconfiguration related architecture for radio equipment defined in ETSI EN 303 648 [i.2].

The present document will be based on ETSI EN 303 146-4 [i.9] and provide a generalized interface definition for the

References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or

non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the

Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at

NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee

[1] ETSI EN 303 641: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Radio Equipment (RE) reconfiguration

References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or

non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the

NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee

The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the

[i.1] ETSI TR 103 585: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Radio Equipment (RE) reconfiguration

[i.2] ETSI EN 303 648: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Radio Equipment (RE) reconfiguration

[i.3] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the

harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of

[i.4] ETSI EN 302 969: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Radio Reconfiguration related

[i.5] ETSI EN 303 095: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Radio reconfiguration related

[i.6] ETSI EN 303 146-1: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Mobile Device (MD) information

[i.7] ETSI EN 303 146-2: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Mobile Device (MD) information

[i.8] ETSI EN 303 146-3: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Mobile Device (MD) information

[i.9] ETSI EN 303 146-4: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Mobile Device (MD) information

[i.10] ETSI EN 303 681-1: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Radio Equipment (RE) information

models and protocols for generalized software reconfiguration architecture; Part 1: generalized

[i.11] ETSI EN 303 681-2: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Radio Equipment (RE) information

models and protocols for generalized software reconfiguration architecture; Part 2: generalized

[i.12] ETSI EN 303 681-3: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Radio Equipment (RE) information

models and protocols for generalized software reconfiguration architecture; Part 3: generalized

Abstract Processing Element (APE): abstracts computational resource that executes any computations downloaded

NOTE: APE is connected with input and output DOs. APE is reactive. Any computations are started if all input

basic operations: operations either provided by the Radio Library and/or UDFB Set to eRVM or by the Radio Library

NOTE: Each Basic Operation is mapped to a corresponding APE in the case of eRVM or mapped to a

data flow chart: reactive data flow computational model consisting of data and operators where data are connected

NOTE: Operators abstract computations. They are triggered by full data. Results of operator computations are

NOTE: DO provides a container for storing data. It can be empty if no data in the container or it can be full if

there is data in the container. DO is allocated in the infinite and flat memory. Any RVM has access to this

memory. One or a few APEs from RVM can be connected with DO. DO acknowledges connected APEs

dynamic operation: operation that is performed by allocating the computational resources during run-time for each

NOTE 1: The resources are deallocated upon completion of the corresponding operation.

NOTE 2: Dynamic operation is available only in the case of RERC-7 defined in ETSI EN 303 641 [1]. In other

words, dynamic operation is needed when RA requires the dynamic resource sharing.

native radio library: library providing platform-specific description of each SFB that represents the target platform

Radio Equipment (RE): "an electrical or electronic product, which intentionally emits and/or receives radio waves for

the purpose of radio communication and/or radiodetermination, or an electrical or electronic product which must be

completed with an accessory, such as antenna, so as to intentionally emit and/or receive radio waves for the purpose of

NOTE: The definition above is as defined in the Radio Equipment Directive, Article 2(1)(1) [i.3].

radio library authority: authority empowered to decide which components can be registered as new SFBs

NOTE: Any suitable organization can take the role of a Radio Library Authority. The choice of the organization

Radio Virtual Machine (RVM): abstract machine that supports reactive and concurrent executions

NOTE: A RVM may be implemented as a controlled execution environment that allows the selection of a trade-

off between flexibility of base band code development and required (re-)certification efforts.

Radio Virtual Machine Runtime Environment (RVM RE): software that allows running Radio Applications that

reconfigurable mobile device: mobile device with radio communication capabilities providing support for radio

NOTE: Reconfigurable mobile devices include but are not limited to: smartphones, feature phones, tablets, and

NOTE: There may be multiple such Reference Radio Libraries. For a given RA, a unique Reference Radio

Software Intermediate Representation (SWIR): RA representation as data flow chart

NOTE: SWIR file contains information on all terminal objects, their parameters (cost, implement function, size,

terminal operation: operation that will always be executed without any other interruption

NOTE 1: Furthermore, terminal operation cannot be decomposed into smaller operations.

NOTE 2: "Terminal operations" are equivalent to "atomic operations", but additionally it indicates that a hierarchy

is being used in which the "terminal operations" are on the lowest level of hierarchy and they can be part

A reconfigurable RE is capable of running multiple radios simultaneously, changing the set of radios by loading new

Radio Application Packages (RAP) and setting their parameters. All Radio Applications (RAs) are called Unified Radio

Applications (URAs) when they exhibit a common behaviour from the reconfigurable RE's point of view in ETSI

EN 303 648 [i.2]. In order to run multiple URAs, the reconfigurable RE will include Communication Services Layer

(CSL), Radio Control Frameworks (RCFs), Radio Platforms and 4 sets of interfaces for their interconnection.

Figure 4.1 illustrates the Reconfigurable RE architecture with the 4 sets of interfaces, i.e.:

• gRPI for allowing an independent and uniform production of RAs which is the scope of the present document.

Figure 4.2 illustrates UML class diagram for Radio Computer interfaces. The reconfigurable RE may be seen as a set of

multiple Radio Computers where individual URAs are engineered as software entities in ETSI EN 303 648 [i.2].

While UML is used for defining the information model and protocol related to gRPI, other modelling languages could

The Radio Programming Interface and its related components described in the present document shall support the

system requirements shown in table 5.1 referring to clause 6 of ETSI EN 303 641 [1]. This is achieved by introducing

Radio Programming R-FUNC-RER-04 The requirement shall be as described in clause 6.4.4 of [1].

Radio Virtual Machine R-FUNC-RER-13 The requirement shall be as described in clause 6.4.13 of [1].

Radio Library R-FUNC-FB-06 A library extension shall be supported. The requirement shall

As introduced in ETSI EN 303 648 [i.2], the Radio Virtual Machine (RVM) is an Abstract Machine which is capable of

executing Configcodes and it is independent of the hardware. The implementation of a RVM is target Radio Computer

specific and it shall have access to the Back-end Compiler (on the platform itself or externally as described in ETSI

EN 303 648 [i.2], clause 4.4.1) for Just-in-Time (JIT) or Ahead-of-Time (AOT) compilation of Configcodes.

This clause describes the concept of RVM. As mentioned above, the RVM is an abstract machine, which executes a

particular algorithm presented as a data flow chart. In other words, the RVM is the result of replacing all operators and

tokens in the particular data flow chart with Abstract Processing Elements (APEs) and Data Objects (DOs),

respectively. Each APE executes computations marked by the replaced operator identifier. These computations are

Figure 6.1 illustrates a conceptual view of RVM processing. This process requires APE, DO and Radio Library, of

• APE abstracts a computational resource corresponding to the operation in a particular data flow chart.

• DO abstracts a memory resource. In other words, DO is an abstracted memory for storing data used during the

• Reference/Native Radio Library includes normative definitions/native implementation of all Standard

Functional Blocks (SFBs) [i.5] for front-end/back-end compilation. Note that the computations included in the

Radio Library are represented in terms of normative definitions or native implementations of SFBs depending

upon whether the Radio Library is used for front-end or back-end compilation, respectively.

NOTE 1: User Defined Functional Blocks (UDFBs) will be created through combination of SFBs and represented

as a data flow chart to be executed in the RVM. Alternatively, a UDFB is implemented as a stand-alone

ii) into an eRVM/RVM (i.e. not atomic). UDFBs are not in general included into the Radio Library,

The RVM begins to work immediately after some DOs initialization. All APEs shall execute computations

asynchronously and concurrently. An individual APE shall execute the allocated operator if all the corresponding input

DOs are full. APEs shall access DOs with operations "read", "read-erase", or "write". After reading input data from

DOs, the APE shall execute the allocated operator and, if output DOs are empty, then the APE shall write processed

data. Any full output DO shall block the corresponding writing operation. The RVM shall execute computations until

reaching the state when all APEs become inactive. In this state, there are not enough full DOs, which can activate the

inactive operators. The result of computations are full DOs, which cannot activate the inactive operators.

NOTE 2: An Output DO can become an Input DO for a subsequent operator. Then, this input DO can activate the

NOTE 3: The state or operation of a given APE is independent on the state of other APEs. I.e. each APE is atomic.

This clause describes the eRVM which shall consist of components of Basic Operations, Program memory, Control

Unit (CU), Abstract Switch Fabric (ASF) as well as APEs and DOs, of which the definitions are as follows. eRVM shall