ETSI TR 138 900 V15.0.0 (2018-07)

ETSI TR 138 900 V15.0.0 (2018-07)
TECHNICAL REPORT
LTE;
5G;
Study on channel model for frequency spectrum above 6 GHz
(3GPP TR 38.900 version 15.0.0 Release 15)
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3GPP TR 38.900 version 15.0.0 Release 15 1 ETSI TR 138 900 V15.0.0 (2018-07)
Reference
RTR/TSGR-0138900vf00
Keywords
5G,LTE
ETSI
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"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.

Intellectual Property Rights ................................................................................................................................ 2

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................. 2

Modal verbs terminology .................................................................................................................................... 2

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................. 5

1 Scope ........................................................................................................................................................ 6

2 References ................................................................................................................................................ 6

3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations ................................................................................................... 7

3.1 Definitions .......................................................................................................................................................... 7

3.2 Symbols .............................................................................................................................................................. 7

3.3 Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................................................... 8

4 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 9

5 General ..................................................................................................................................................... 9

6 Status/Expectation of existing information on high frequencies .............................................................. 9

6.1 Channel modelling works outside of 3GPP ........................................................................................................ 9

6.2 Scenarios of interest ......................................................................................................................................... 11

6.3 Channel measurement capabilities ................................................................................................................... 12

6.4 Modelling objectives ........................................................................................................................................ 13

7 Channel model(s) for >6GHz ................................................................................................................. 14

7.1 Coordinate system ............................................................................................................................................ 14

7.1.1 Definition .................................................................................................................................................... 14

7.1.2 Local and global coordinate systems .......................................................................................................... 15

7.1.3 Transformation from a LCS to a GCS ........................................................................................................ 15

7.1.4 Transformation from an LCS to a GCS for downtilt angle only ................................................................. 18

7.2 Scenarios .......................................................................................................................................................... 19

7.3 Antenna modelling ........................................................................................................................................... 22

7.4 Pathloss, LOS probability and penetration modelling ...................................................................................... 23

7.4.1 Pathloss ....................................................................................................................................................... 23

7.4.2 LOS probability .......................................................................................................................................... 27

7.4.3 O2I penetration loss .................................................................................................................................... 28

7.4.4 Autocorrelation of shadow fading .............................................................................................................. 30

7.5 Fast fading model ............................................................................................................................................. 30

7.6 Additional modelling components ................................................................................................................... 45

7.6.1 Oxygen absorption ...................................................................................................................................... 46

7.6.2 Large bandwidth and large antenna array ................................................................................................... 47

7.6.2.1 Modelling of the propagation delay ...................................................................................................... 47

7.6.2.2 Modelling of intra-cluster angular and delay spreads ........................................................................... 47

7.6.3 Spatial consistency ...................................................................................................................................... 48

7.6.3.1 Spatial consistency procedure ............................................................................................................... 48

7.6.3.2 Spatially-consistent UT mobility modelling ......................................................................................... 49

7.6.3.3 LOS/NLOS, indoor states and O2I parameters ..................................................................................... 51

7.6.4 Blockage ..................................................................................................................................................... 52

7.6.4.1 Blockage model A ................................................................................................................................. 53

7.6.4.2 Blockage model B ................................................................................................................................. 55

7.6.5 Correlation modelling for multi-frequency simulations.............................................................................. 57

7.6.6 Time-varying Doppler shift ........................................................................................................................ 58

7.6.7 UT rotation.................................................................................................................................................. 58

7.7 Channel models for link-level evaluations ....................................................................................................... 58

7.7.1 Clustered Delay Line (CDL) models .......................................................................................................... 58

7.7.2 Tapped Delay Line (TDL) models .............................................................................................................. 63

7.7.3 Scaling of delays ......................................................................................................................................... 66

7.7.4 Spatial filter for generating TDL channel model ........................................................................................ 68

7.7.4.1 Exemplary filters/antenna patterns ........................................................................................................ 68

7.7.4.2 Generation procedure ............................................................................................................................ 68

7.7.5 Extension for MIMO simulations ............................................................................................................... 69

7.7.5.1 CDL extension: Scaling of angles ......................................................................................................... 69

7.7.5.2 TDL extension: Applying a correlation matrix ..................................................................................... 70

7.7.6 K-factor for LOS channel models ............................................................................................................... 70

7.8 Channel model calibration ................................................................................................................................ 71

7.8.1 Large scale calibration ................................................................................................................................ 71

7.8.2 Full calibration ............................................................................................................................................ 71

7.8.3 Calibration of additional features ................................................................................................................ 72

8 Map-based hybrid channel model (Alternative channel model methodology) ...................................... 75

8.1 Coordinate system ............................................................................................................................................ 75

8.2 Scenarios .......................................................................................................................................................... 75

8.3 Antenna modelling ........................................................................................................................................... 75

8.4 Channel generation ........................................................................................................................................... 75

Annex A: Calculation of angular spread .............................................................................................. 86

Annex B: Change history ...................................................................................................................... 87

History .............................................................................................................................................................. 88

This Technical Report has been produced by the 3 Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

The contents of the present document are subject to continuing work within the TSG and may change following formal

TSG approval. Should the TSG modify the contents of the present document, it will be re-released by the TSG with an

y the second digit is incremented for all changes of substance, i.e. technical enhancements, corrections,

z the third digit is incremented when editorial only changes have been incorporated in the document.

The present document captures the findings of the study item, "Study on channel model for frequency spectrum above 6

GHz" [2]. The purpose of this TR is to help TSG RAN WG1 to properly model and evaluate the performance of

This document relates to the 3GPP evaluation methodology and covers the modelling of the physical layer of both

This document is intended to capture the channel model(s) for frequencies above 6 GHz up to 100GHz.

The present document is no longer maintained. For 5G channel models in releases greater than release 14 refer to

The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present

- References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or

- For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to a 3GPP document (including

a GSM document), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that document in the same

[2] 3GPP TD RP-151606: "Study on channel model for frequency spectrum above 6 GHz ".

[4] 3GPP RP-151847: "Report of RAN email discussion about >6GHz channel modelling", Samsung

[5] 3GPP R1-163408: "Additional Considerations on Building Penetration Loss Modeling for 5G

[8] J. W. McKown, R. L. Hamilton. "Ray tracing as a design tool for radio networks," Network, IEEE,

[9] T. Kurner, D. J. Cichon, W.Wiesbeck, "Concepts and results for 3D digital terrain-based wave

propagation models: An overview," IEEE J.Select. Areas Commun., vol. 11, pp. 1002–1012, 1993.

[10] M. Born, E. Wolf, Principles of optics: electromagnetic theory of propagation, interference and

[11] H. Friis, "A note on a simple transmission formula," proc. IRE, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 254–256, 1946

[12] R. G. Kouyoumjian and P. H. Pathak, "A uniform geometrical theory of diffraction for an edge in

[13] P. Pathak, W. Burnside, and R. Marhefka, "A Uniform GTD Analysis of the Diffraction of

Electromagnetic Waves by a Smooth Convex Surface," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and

[14] IST-WINNER II Deliverable 1.1.2 v.1.2, "WINNER II Channel Models", IST-WINNER2, Tech.

[17] H. Asplund et al., "A simplified approach to applying the 3GPP spatial channel model", in Proc. of

[18] ITU-R Rec. P.1816: "The prediction of the time and the spatial profile for broadband land mobile

[19] 3GPP TR 38.901: "Study on channel model for frequencies from 0.5 to 100 GHz".

For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in TR 21.905 [1] and the following apply. A

term defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same term, if any, in TR 21.905 [1].

F Receive antenna element u field pattern in the direction of the spherical basis vector

F Receive antenna element u field pattern in the direction of the spherical basis vector

F Transmit antenna element s field pattern in the direction of the spherical basis vector

F Transmit antenna element s field pattern in the direction of the spherical basis vector

For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in TR 21.905 [1] and the following apply. An

abbreviation defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same abbreviation, if any, in

At 3GPP TSG RAN #69 meeting the Study Item Description on "Study on channel model for frequency spectrum above

6 GHz" was approved [2]. This study item covers the identification of the status/expectation of existing information on

high frequencies (e.g. spectrum allocation, scenarios of interest, measurements, etc), and the channel model(s) for

frequencies above 6 GHz up to 100 GHz. This technical report documents the channel model(s). The new channel

model is observed not always consistent with earlier channel models for <6 GHz such as the 3D SCM model (3GPP TR

36.873) or IMT-Advanced (ITU-R M.2135). Comparisons across frequency bands using different models are

The channel model is applicable for link and system level simulations in the following conditions:

- For system level simulations, supported scenarios are urban microcell street canyon, urban macrocell, indoor

- Bandwidth is supported up to 10% of the center frequency but no larger than 2GHz.

- For the stochastic model, spatial consistency is supported by correlation of LSPs and SSPs as well as

- Large array support is based on far field assumption and stationary channel over the size of the array.

This section summarized the Channel Modelling works outside of 3GPP based on the input from companies.

• METIS (Mobile and wireless communications Enablers for the Twenty-twenty Information

• Fraunhofer HHI has developed the QuaDRiGa channel model, Matlab implementation is

• mmMAGIC (Millimetre-Wave Based Mobile Radio Access Network for Fifth Generation

- Identified 5G requirements (e.g., wide frequency range, high bandwidth, massive MIMO, 3-D and accurate

- Provided different channel model methodologies (map-based model, stochastic model or hybrid model). For

stochastic model, the proposed channel is focused on outdoor square, Indoor cafeteria and indoor shopping mall

- Addressed various challenges: Shadowing, spatial consistency, environment dynamics, spherical wave

modelling, dual mobility Doppler model, ratio between diffuse and specular reflections, polarization

- Focused on university campus, street canyon, hotel lobby, backhaul, and D2D scenarios.

- Proposed deployment scenarios, focused on dense urban environment for high data rate service: indoor shopping

mall, indoor enterprise, in home, urban hotspot in a square/street, mobility in city.

- Geometry-based stochastic channel model that reproduce the stochastic properties of MIMO channels over time,

frequency and space. It is a cluster-level model where the statistics of the large scale parameters are always

- Conducted many urban propagation measurements on 28/38/60/73 GHz bands for both outdoor and indoor

- Proposed 3 areas for 5G mmWave channel modeling which are small modifications or extensions from 3GPP's

- 1) LOS/NLOS/blockage modeling (a squared exponential term); 2). Wideband power delay profiles (time

clusters and spatial lobes for a simple extension to the existing 3GPP SSCM model); 3). Physics-based path loss

model (using the existing 3GPP path loss equations, but simply replacing the "floating" optimization parameter