ISO/FDIS 2836

Graphic technology -- Prints and printing inks -- Assessment of resistance of prints to various agents

Technologie graphique -- Impressions et encres d'imprimerie -- Évaluation de la résistance des impressions à divers agents

Standards Content (sample)

FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 2836
ISO/TC 130
Graphic technology — Prints and
Secretariat: SAC
printing inks — Assessment of
Voting begins on:
2021­03­05 resistance of prints to various agents
Voting terminates on:
Technologie graphique — Impressions et encres d'imprimerie —
2021­04­30
Évaluation de la résistance des impressions à divers agents
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
ISO/FDIS 2836:2021(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN­
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO 2021
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ISO/FDIS 2836:2021(E)
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© ISO 2021

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ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 2836:2021(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Principle ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2

5 Agents .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2

6 Apparatus ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

7 Preparation of test pieces ........................................................................................................................................................................... 4

8 Test methods ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4

8.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

8.2 Liquid agents and solutions ......................................................................................................................................................... 5

8.3 Cheese ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

8.4 Meltable solid agents ......................................................................................................................................................................... 5

8.5 Solid spices ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

8.6 Solvents and varnishes ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5

8.7 Test conditions for various liquid and solid agents ................................................................................................. 6

8.8 Acids ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6

9 Evaluation of results ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

9.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

9.2 Liquid and solid agents, solutions .......................................................................................................................................... 7

9.3 Solvents and varnishes ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8

9.4 Acids ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8

10 Test report ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................10

© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO/FDIS 2836:2021(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non­governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/

iso/ foreword .html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology.

This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 2836:2004), which has been technically

revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:

— consistency and document structure have been improved and an Introduction has been added;

— new agents have been added;

— information that aspects of food safety and consumer protection for food contact materials are not

covered has been added.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 2836:2021(E)
Introduction

During its service life, prints might need to resist certain agents. These agents can come in contact to

prints during finishing operations like varnishing, or accidentally via interactions with certain vapours,

fluids or solids like spilling of package contents onto the print. These kinds of agents can cause visual

alterations to the print. These changes are due to either the colorants used in the inks or the substrate

itself not being resistant to the particular agent.

This document defines laboratory test methods for the interaction of agents and prints and gives

guidelines and requirements for the evaluation of changes on the print caused by those agents. All the

methods within this document aims to allow a reasonable choice of raw materials to be used for the

printing inks and substrates and for the testing of the prints for qualification purposes. The aim of all

these methods is to avoid visual changes of the prints caused by the agents. Aspects of food safety and

consumer protection for food contact material are not covered.
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved v
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 2836:2021(E)
Graphic technology — Prints and printing inks —
Assessment of resistance of prints to various agents
1 Scope

This document specifies methods of assessing the resistance of printed materials to liquid and solid

agents, solvents, varnishes and acids.

It applies to printing on all substrates by any of the traditional printing process (offset, screen, gravure,

flexo) as well as the newer digital processes (inkjet, electrophotography).

Aspects of food safety and consumer protection for food contact materials are not covered.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 105­A03, Textiles — Tests for colour fastness — Part A03: Grey scale for assessing staining

ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps — Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for

monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples

ISO 13655, Graphic technology — Spectral measurement and colorimetric computation for graphic

arts images
ISO 14487, Pulps — Standard water for physical testing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
agent

liquid or solid to which a sample of printed material is exposed for the purpose of determining the

resistance (3.2) characteristics of that printed sample
3.2
resistance

ability of a printed material to withstand exposure to a specified agent (3.1) as determined by the tests

defined in this document
3.3
test piece

section of a test print or section of a print from a conventional or digital printing press

© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved 1
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ISO/FDIS 2836:2021(E)
4 Principle

A test piece is either immersed in the prescribed agent, pressed between agent-soaked filter papers or

brought into direct contact of its printed side with the agent for a given time.

Colour changes of the test piece, the agents and the filter papers are noted, characterized and reported.

5 Agents
5.1 The type of agent used, and its concentration shall be reported.
5.2 Water

This document does not specify the type of water used for the assessment of resistance of prints. It

may be tap water, distilled water, deionized water, natural water, etc. The type of water used shall be

reported. For the purpose of rinsing filter papers and test pieces after tests, deionized water according

to ISO 14487 shall be used.
5.3 Alkali

This document specifies a 1 % by mass solution of sodium hydroxide in distilled water used for the

assessment of resistance of prints.
5.4 Oils and fats

This document does not specify the oil or the fat to be used for the assessment of resistance of prints.

It may be animal, vegetable, mineral, essential or synthetic. Examples of such oils include but are not

limited to: fish oil, olive oil, liquid paraffin, lavender oil, silicone oil, butter, margarine, lanolin, grease.

5.5 Cheese

This document does not specify the type of cheese, for example soft cheese or hard cheese, used for the

assessment of resistance of prints. However, the cheese shall be used as a solid agent in a natural state,

i.e. not liquefied.
5.6 Detergents

This document does not specify the type of detergent, such as liquid or solid, used for the assessment of

resistance of prints, only its concentration: 1 % by mass.
5.7 Soaps

This document does not specify the type of soap, hard or soft, used for the assessment of resistance of

prints, only its concentration: 1 % by mass.
5.8 Waxes

This document does not specify the type of wax to be used for the assessment of resistance of prints,

i.e. animal, vegetable, mineral or synthetic, such as beeswax, carnauba wax, paraffin wax, Fischer

Tropsch wax.
5.9 Spices

This document does not specify the spice to be used for the assessment of resistance of prints.

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ISO/FDIS 2836:2021(E)
5.10 Organic solvents and varnishes

Ethanol shall be denatured. The solvent mixture of ethanol, ethyl acetate and 1-methoxy-propanol-2

shall have a volume composition of 60 % ethanol, 30 % ethyl acetate and 10 % 1-methoxy-propanol-2.

Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) is a suitable solvent to test the degree of curing for uv inks. Any other solvent

or varnish fo
...