ISO/IEC DIS 15944-21

Information technology -- Business operational view

Technologies de l'information -- Vue opérationnelle d'affaires

Standards Content (sample)

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/IEC DIS 15944-21
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32 Secretariat: ANSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2020-12-09 2021-03-03
Information technology — Business operational view —
Part 21:
Application of Open-edi business transaction ontology in
distributed business transaction repositories
ICS: 35.240.63
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
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WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/IEC DIS 15944-21:2020(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO/IEC 2020
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ISO/IEC 15944-21:2020 (E)
ISO/IEC DIS 15944-21:2020(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ...................................................................................................................................................................... iv

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................. v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Statement of scope ............................................................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Exclusions ............................................................................................................................................................... 1

2 Normative References ................................................................................................................................. 1

3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................. 1

4 Symbols and abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 10

5 Ontology of an Open-edi Distributed Business Transaction Repository ................................. 10

5.1 Transitions of the economic claim in a business transaction ....................................................... 10

5.2 A repository of business transaction information ............................................................................. 16

5.3 Implementation rules of a business transaction information repository ................................ 20

5.3.1 Rule 1 ...................................................................................................................................................... 20

5.3.2 Rule 2 ...................................................................................................................................................... 20

5.3.3 Rule 3 ...................................................................................................................................................... 20

5.3.4 Rule 4 ...................................................................................................................................................... 20

5.4 Conforming ISO/IEC 15944-1 properties of an OeDBTR ................................................................ 20

6 Conformance ................................................................................................................................................ 20

Annex A (normative) Consolidated list of terms and definitions with cultural adaptability:

ISO English and ISO French language equivalency .......................................................................... 21

Annex B List of parts of the ISO/IEC 15944 series of eBusiness standards .......................................... 23

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................. 24

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© ISO/IEC 2020

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© ISO/IEC 2020 — All rights reserved. iii
ii © ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC DIS 15944-21:2020(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ...................................................................................................................................................................... iv

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................. v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Statement of scope ............................................................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Exclusions ............................................................................................................................................................... 1

2 Normative References ................................................................................................................................. 1

3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................. 1

4 Symbols and abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 10

5 Ontology of an Open-edi Distributed Business Transaction Repository ................................. 10

5.1 Transitions of the economic claim in a business transaction ....................................................... 10

5.2 A repository of business transaction information ............................................................................. 16

5.3 Implementation rules of a business transaction information repository ................................ 20

5.3.1 Rule 1 ...................................................................................................................................................... 20

5.3.2 Rule 2 ...................................................................................................................................................... 20

5.3.3 Rule 3 ...................................................................................................................................................... 20

5.3.4 Rule 4 ...................................................................................................................................................... 20

5.4 Conforming ISO/IEC 15944-1 properties of an OeDBTR ................................................................ 20

6 Conformance ................................................................................................................................................ 20

Annex A (normative) Consolidated list of terms and definitions with cultural adaptability:

ISO English and ISO French language equivalency .......................................................................... 21

Annex B List of parts of the ISO/IEC 15944 series of eBusiness standards .......................................... 23

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................. 24

© ISO/IEC 2020 — All rights reserved. iii
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ISO/IEC DIS 15944-21:2020(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical

Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are

members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical

committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity.

ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial

rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details

of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction

and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents) or the IEC list of patent

declarations received (see http://patents.iec.ch).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions

related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade

Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www.iso.org/iso/

foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,

Subcommittee SC32, Data management and interchange.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 15944 series can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv © ISO/IEC 2020 — All rights reserved.
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ISO/IEC DIS 15944-21:2020(E)
Introduction

ISO/IEC 15944-4 (Part 4), Business transaction scenarios — Accounting and economic ontology, defines

the Open-edi Business Transaction Ontology (OeBTO) as a formal, rule-based specification and definition

of the concepts pertaining to business transactions and scenarios and the relationships that hold among

these concepts.

Figure 1 overviews the ontology of a business transaction and is taken from Figure 21 of Part 4, modified

as follows to bring to light certain properties that were not illustrated at the time:

— the generalization of “Partner” to “Person” is according to Figure 18 of Part 4,

— the business policy connections between the three types (Economic Resource Type, Economic Event

Type, and Economic Role), and

— the connections of party (OeP) and counterparty (OeCP) are shown as distinct persons having

negotiated the Economic Contract.
Figure 1 — Open-edi Business Transaction Ontology

Per Part 4, each business entity, depicted as a box in the diagram, is a computable representation of a real-

world entity that participates, occurs, or is materialized during a business transaction. These are either

static representations for the duration of the business transaction or dynamically changing

representations implemented as individual state machines. Different business events effecting the

business transaction are inputs influencing different sets of one or more of the state machines and changing

their individual states. The particular states that each business entity can exhibit are established prior to

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ISO/IEC DIS 15944-21:2020(E)

the business transaction starting in order that the state machines act as deterministic automatons for the

duration. Initiating the business transaction instantiates the state machine of each business entity based

on its negotiated definition.

The concept of a business collaboration that is illustrated in Figure 2 is updated from Figure 3 of Part 4

also to bring to light the party (OeP) and counterparty (OeCP) as distinct persons of a generic nature, not

necessarily a buyer nor a seller.
Figure 2 — Concept of a Business Collaboration

The collaboration space captures the information regarding a value exchange between the party and

counterparty who have entered into an economic contract. The business transaction occurs within this

space. The duality of the business transaction is that it involves two economic events, that is, two transfers

of value in the value exchange. One transfer of value is from the OeP to the OeCP, and the other transfer of

value is from the OeCP to the OeP.

Part 4 describes the ontology as the properties of this active multi-step process of the business transaction

between party and counterparty from planning through to post-actualization. The business transaction

transits through a series of states, one with each step, with each state stimulus being a business event.

After any business event in the business transaction one can view the status of the interrelations between

the ontology components as an outcome of that event.

This Part 21, Application of Open-edi business transaction ontology in Distributed Business Transaction

Repositories, supplements Part 4 by describing the Open-edi Distributed Business Transaction Repository

(OeDBTR) properties of an indelible history or formal record of these changes in interrelations. This history

can subsequently be queried or inspected. Without such a history of the state transitions of business

entities, there is no record of the life cycle of the business transaction from instantiation to termination.

vi © ISO/IEC 2020 — All rights reserved.
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC DIS 15944-21:2020(E)
Information Technology — Business Operational View —
Part 21:
Application of Open-edi business transaction ontology in
Distributed Business Transaction Repositories
1 Scope
1.1 Statement of scope

ISO/IEC 15944-21 specifies the Business Operational View of an implementation of an Open-edi

Distributed Business Transaction Repository (OeDBTR), building on the principles and concepts defined

in ISO/IEC 15944-4 of a business transaction. The repository stores the history of the transitions in state

of the economic claim and/or other business entities that happen over the course of a business transaction,

and does so for a collection of business events. These business events, comprised of transactions and their

states, can be identified unambiguously so as to provide the ability to inspect or query the information at

some point after the record has been made. The distributed nature of the repository offers users ubiquitous

and robust access to the recorded history.

A history of business transactions of market exchanges can be useful in auditing or other memoing-based

activities, looking back at the immutable record of the interactions between Parties.

1.2 Exclusions

ISO/IEC 15944-21 does not specify the Functional Services View of a particular implementation of an

Open-edi Distributed Business Transaction Repository. For best performance, candidate technologies

would likely exhibit properties of long-term permanence, robust immutability, decentralized access,

distributed resilience, and fine-grained addressability.
2 Normative References

ISO/IEC 15944-4:2015, Information technology — Business Operational View — Part 4: Business transaction

scenarios — Accounting and economic ontology
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
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ISO/IEC DIS 15944-21:2020(E)
3.1
business

series of processes, each having a clearly understood purpose, involving more than one Person, realised

through the exchange of information and directed towards some mutually agreed upon goal, extending

over a period of time
[ISO/IEC 14662:2010, 3.2]
3.2
business event

occurrence in time that an Open-edi Party and an Open-edi Counterparty in a business transaction wish to

monitor or control

NOTE 1 Business events are the workflow tasks that business partners need to accomplish to complete a business

transaction among themselves. As business events occur, they cause a business transaction to move through its

various phases of planning, identification, negotiation, actualization, and post-actualization.

NOTE 2 Occurrences in time can either: (a) be internal as mutually agreed to among the parties to a business

transaction and/or (b) reference some common publicly available and recognized date/time referencing schema (e.g.

one based on using ISO 8601 and/or ISO 19135 standards).
[ISO/IEC 15944-4:2015, 3.5 (adapted)]
3.3
Business Operational View
BOV

perspective of business transactions limited to those aspects regarding the making of business decisions

and commitments among Persons, which are needed for the description of a business transaction

[ISO/IEC 14662:2010, 3.3]
3.4
business transaction

predefined set of activities and/or processes of Persons which is initiated by a Person to accomplish an

explicitly shared business goal and terminated upon recognition of one of the agreed conclusions by all the

involved Persons although some of the recognition might be implicit
[ISO/IEC 14662:2010, 3.4]
3.5
business transaction entity

computable representation of any real-world entity that participates, occurs, or is materialized during a

business transaction
[ISO/IEC 15944-4:2015, 3.9]
3.6
collaboration space

business activity space where an economic exchange of valued resources is viewed independently and not

from the perspective of any business partner

NOTE 1: In collaboration space, an individual partner’s view of economic phenomena is de-emphasized. Thus, the

use of common business and accounting terms like purchase, sale, cash receipt, cash disbursement, raw materials,

and finished goods, etc. is not allowed because they view resource flows from a participant’s perspective.

[ISO/IEC 15944-4:2015, 3.12]
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ISO/IEC DIS 15944-21:2020(E)
3.7
commitment

making or accepting of a right, obligation, liability or responsibility by a Person that is capable of

enforcement in the jurisdictional domain in which the commitment is made
[ISO/IEC 14662:2010, 3.5]
3.8
constraint

rule, explicitly stated, that prescribes, limits, governs or specifies any aspect of a business transaction

NOTE 1 Constraints are specified as rules forming part of components of Open-edi scenarios, i.e., as scenario

attributes, roles, and/or information bundles.

NOTE 2 For constraints to be registered for implementation in Open-edi, they must have unique and unambiguous

identifiers.

NOTE 3 A constraint may be agreed to among parties (condition of contract) and is therefore considered an "internal

constraint". Or a constraint may be imposed on parties (e.g., laws, regulations, etc.), and is therefore considered an

"external constraint".
[ISO/IEC 15944-1:2011, 3.11]
3.9
data

reinterpretable representation of information in a formalized manner suitable for communication,

interpretation, or processing
NOTE Data can be processed by humans or by automatic means.
[ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 (01.01.02)]
3.10
eBusiness

business transaction, involving the making of commitments, in a defined collaboration space, among

Persons using their Information Technology System, according to Open-edi standards

NOTE 1 eBusiness can be conducted on both a for-profit and not-for-profit basis.

NOTE 2 A key distinguishing aspect of eBusiness is that it involves the making of commitment(s) of any kind among

the Persons in support of a mutually agreed upon goal, involving their IT systems, and doing so through the use of

EDI (using a variety of communication networks including the Internet).

NOTE 3 eBusiness includes various application areas such as e-commerce, e-administration, e-logistics, e-

government, e-medicine, e-learning, etc.

NOTE 4 The equivalent French language term for “eBusiness” is always presented in its plural form.

[ISO/IEC 15944-7:2009, 3.6]
3.11
economic claim

expectation of one Person to receive a future inflow of an economic resource from another Person because

of an economic exchange which is currently incomplete
[ISO/IEC 15944-4:2015, 3.21]
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ISO/IEC DIS 15944-21:2020(E)
3.12
economic event

occurrence in time wherein ownership of an economic resource is transferred from one Person to another

Person.

NOTE 1 Occurrences in time can either: (a) be internal as mutually agreed to among the parties to a business

transaction and/or (b) reference some common publicly available and recognized date/time referencing schema (e.g.

one based on using ISO 8601 and/or ISO 19135 standards).
[ISO/IEC 15944-4:2015, 3.25]
3.13
economic exchange

type of a business transaction where the goal is an exchange of economic resources between two Persons

where both parties derive higher utility after the settlement of the business transaction.

NOTE 1 An economic exchange usually involves two economic events with different types of economic resources

flowing in opposite directions. For example, an exchange of cash for a good involves a shipment with a requited

payment following.
[ISO/IEC 15944-4:2015, 3.27]
3.14
economic resource
good, right, or service of value, under the control of a Person.
[ISO/IEC 15944-4:2015, 3.28]
3.15
Electronic Data Interchange
EDI

automated exchange of any predefined and structured data for business purposes among information

systems of two or more Persons

NOTE This definition includes all categories of electronic business transactions.

[ISO/IEC 14662:2010, 3.8]
3.16
entity

any concrete or abstract thing that exists, did exist, or might exist, including associations among these

things
Example 1.
A person, object, event, idea, process, etc.
NOTE An entity exists whether data about it are available or not.
[ISO/IEC 2382-17:1999 (17.02.05)]
3.17
external constraint

constraint which takes precedence over internal constraints in a business transaction, i.e. is external to

those agreed upon by the parties to a business transaction

NOTE 1 Normally, external constraints are created by law, regulation, orders, treaties, conventions or similar

instruments.
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ISO/IEC DIS 15944-21:2020(E)

NOTE 2 Other sources of external constraints are those of a sectorial nature, those which pertain to a particular

jurisdictional domain or mutually agreed common business conventions (e.g., INCOTERMS, exchanges, etc.).

NOTE 3 External constraints can apply to the nature of the good, service and/or right provided in a business

transaction.

NOTE 4 External constraints can demand that a party to a business transaction meet specific requirements of a

particular role.
Example 2.
Only a qualified medical doctor may issue a prescription for a controlled drug.
Example 3.

Only an accredited share dealer may place transactions on the New York Stock Exchange.

Example 4.
Hazardous wastes may only be conveyed by a licensed enterprise.

NOTE 5 Where the Information Bundles (IBs), including their Semantic Components (SCs) of a business transaction

are also to form the whole of a business transaction (e.g., for legal or audit purposes), all constraints must be recorded.

Example 5.

There may be a legal or audit requirement to maintain the complete set of recorded information pertaining

to a business transaction, i.e., as the information bundles exchanged, as a "record".

NOTE 6 A minimum external constraint applicable to a business transaction often requires one to differentiate

whether the Person that is a party to a business transaction is an "individual", "organization", or "public

administration". For example, privacy rights apply only to a Person as an "individual".

[ISO/IEC 15944-1:2011, 3.23]
3.18
Functional Service View
FSV

perspective of business transactions limited to those information technology interoperability aspects of

Information Technology Systems needed to support the execution of Open-edi transactions

[ISO/IEC 14662:2010, 3.10]
3.19
information

knowledge concerning objects, such as facts, events, things, processes, or ideas, including concepts, that

within a certain context has a particular meaning
[ISO 2382-1:1993 (01.01.01)]
3.20
Information Bundle

formal description of the semantics of the recorded information to be exchanged by Open-edi Parties playing

roles in an Open-edi Scenario
[ISO/IEC 14662:2010, 3.11]
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ISO/IEC DIS 15944-21:2020(E)
3.21
Information Technology System
IT System

set of one or more computers, associated software, peripherals, terminals, human operations, physical

processes, information transfer means, that form an autonomous whole, capable of performing

information processing and/or information transfer
[ISO/IEC 14662:2010, 3.13]
3.22
internal constraint

constraint which forms part of the commitment(s) mutually agreed to among the parties to a business

transaction

NOTE Internal constraints are self-imposed. They provide a simplified view for modelling and re-use of scenario

components of a business transaction for which there are no external constraints or restrictions to the nature of the

conduct of a business transaction other than those mutually agreed to by the buyer and seller.

[ISO/IEC 15944-1:2011, 3.11]
3.23
materialized

association between an economic event and an economic claim where the occurrence of the economic

event causes the economic claim to come into existence
[ISO/IEC 15944-4:2015, 3.40]
3.24
medium

physical material which serves as a functional unit, in or on which information or data is normally recorded,

in which information or data can be retained and carried, from which information or data can be retrieved,

and which is non-volatile in nature

NOTE 1 This definition is independent of the material nature on which the information is recorded and/or technology

used to record the information [e.g. paper, photographic (chemical), magnetic, optical, ICs (integrated circuits), as

well as other categories no longer in common use such as vellum, parchment (and other animal skins), plastics (e.g.,

bakelite or vinyl), textiles (e.g., linen, canvas), metals, etc.].

NOTE 2 The inclusion of the "non-volatile in nature" attribute is to cover latency and records retention

requirements.
NOTE 3 This definition of "medium" is independent of:
i) form or format of recorded information;
ii) physical dimensions and/or size;

iii) any container or housing that is physically separate from material being housed and without which the medium

can remain a functional unit.

NOTE 4 This definition of "medium" also captures and integrates the following key properties:

i) the property of medium as a material in or on which information or data can be recorded and retrieved;

ii) the property of storage;
iii) the property of physical carrier;
iv) the property of physical manifestation, i.e., material;
v) the property of a functional unit;
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ISO/IEC DIS 15944-21:2020(E)

vi) the property of (some degree of) stability of the material in or on which the information or data is recorded.

[ISO/IEC 15944-1:2011, 3.34]
3.25
object
anything perceivable or conceivable

NOTE Objects may also be material, (e.g., engine, a sheet of paper, a diamond), or immaterial, (e.g., conversion ration,

a project play), or imagined, (e.g., a unicorn).
[ISO 1087-1:2000 (3.1.1)]
3.26
Open-edi

Electronic Data Interchange among multiple autonomous Persons to accomplish an explicit shared business

goal according to Open-edi standards
[ISO/IEC 14662:2010, 3.14]
3.27
Open-edi Business Transaction Ontology
OeBTO

formal, rule-based specification and definition of the concepts pertaining to business transactions and

scenarios and the relationships that hold among those concepts
[ISO/IEC 15944-4:2015, 3.44]
3.28
Open-edi Counterparty
OeCP

Open-edi Party distinct from another Open-edi Party where both have negotiated roles

...