Chemicals used for treatment of swimming pool water - Aluminium based coagulants

This document is applicable to aluminium based coagulants (aluminium sulfate, aluminium chloride (monomeric), aluminium chloride hydroxide (monomeric), aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric), sodium aluminate and polyaluminium chloride hydroxide and polyaluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate) used directly or for the production of formulations for treatment of water for swimming pools.
It describes the characteristics of aluminium based coagulants and specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for aluminium based coagulants. It gives information on their use in swimming pool water treatment. It also determines the rules relating to safe handling and use (see Annex B).

Produkte zur Aufbereitung von Schwimm- und Badebeckenwasser - Flockungsmittel auf Aluminiumbasis

Dieses Dokument gilt für Flockungsmittel auf Aluminiumbasis [Aluminiumsulfat, Aluminiumchlorid (monomer), Aluminiumhydroxidchlorid (monomer), Aluminiumhydroxidchloridsulfat (monomer), Natriumaluminat sowie Polyaluminiumchloridhydroxid und Polyaluminiumchloridhydroxidsulfat], die direkt zur Aufbereitung von Schwimm- und Badebeckenwasser oder zur Herstellung von Zubereitungen für diesen Zweck verwendet werden.
Es beschreibt die Eigenschaften von Flockungsmitteln auf Aluminiumbasis und legt die Anforderungen sowie die entsprechenden Prüfverfahren für Flockungsmittel auf Aluminiumbasis fest. Es enthält Angaben zu deren Anwendung in der Aufbereitung von Schwimm- und Badebeckenwasser. Es legt darüber hinaus Regeln für die sichere Handhabung und Verwendung fest (siehe Anhang B).

Produits chimiques utilisés pour le traitement de l'eau des piscines - Coagulants à base d'aluminium

Le présent document s’applique aux coagulants à base d’aluminium (sulfate d’aluminium, chlorure d’aluminium [monomère], hydroxychlorure d’aluminium [monomère], sulfate d’hydroxychlorure d’aluminium [monomère], aluminate de sodium, polyhydroxychlorure d’aluminium et polyhydroxychlorosulfate d’aluminium) utilisés directement ou pour la production de formulations pour le traitement de l’eau des piscines.
Il décrit les caractéristiques des coagulants à base d’aluminium et spécifie les exigences et les méthodes d’essai correspondantes pour les coagulants à base d’aluminium. Il donne des informations pour leur emploi dans le traitement de l’eau des piscines. Il fixe également les règles relatives à la sécurité d’emploi et de manipulation (voir l’Annexe B).

Kemikalije, ki se uporabljajo za pripravo bazenske vode - Strjevanje na osnovi aluminija

General Information

Status
Not Published
Public Enquiry End Date
19-Jul-2020
Current Stage
4020 - Public enquire (PE) (Adopted Project)
Start Date
08-Jun-2020
Due Date
26-Oct-2020
Completion Date
10-Aug-2020

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 15031:2020
01-julij-2020
Kemikalije, ki se uporabljajo za pripravo bazenske vode - Strjevanje na osnovi
aluminija
Chemicals used for treatment of swimming pool water - Aluminium based coagulants

Produkte zur Aufbereitung von Schwimm- und Badebeckenwasser - Flockungsmittel auf

Aluminiumbasis

Produits chimiques utilisés pour le traitement de l'eau des piscines - Coagulants à base

d'aluminium
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 15031
ICS:
13.060.25 Voda za industrijsko uporabo Water for industrial use
71.100.80 Kemikalije za čiščenje vode Chemicals for purification of
water
oSIST prEN 15031:2020 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 15031:2020
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 15031
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2020
ICS 71.100.80 Will supersede EN 15031:2013
English Version
Chemicals used for treatment of swimming pool water -
Aluminium based coagulants

Produits chimiques utilisés pour le traitement de l'eau Produkte zur Aufbereitung von Schwimm- und

des piscines - Coagulants à base d'aluminium Badebeckenwasser - Flockungsmittel auf

Aluminiumbasis

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

CEN/TC 164.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other

language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC

Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,

Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and

United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 15031:2020 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page

European foreword ...................................................................................................................................................... 3

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 4

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 5

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 5

3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 5

4 Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 5

4.1 Aluminium sulfate .......................................................................................................................................... 5

4.2 Aluminium chloride (monomeric), aluminium chloride hydroxide (monomeric) and

aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) ........................................................................ 8

4.3 Sodium aluminate ......................................................................................................................................... 11

4.4 Polyaluminium chloride hydroxide and polyaluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate ......... 13

5 Purity criteria ................................................................................................................................................. 16

5.1 General.............................................................................................................................................................. 16

5.2 Composition of commercial product ..................................................................................................... 16

5.3 Impurities and main by-products ........................................................................................................... 17

5.4 Chemical parameters................................................................................................................................... 17

6 Test methods .................................................................................................................................................. 18

6.1 Sampling ........................................................................................................................................................... 18

6.2 Analyses............................................................................................................................................................ 19

7 Labelling - transportation - storage ....................................................................................................... 19

7.1 Means of delivery .......................................................................................................................................... 19

7.2 Risk and safety labelling in accordance with the EU directives .................................................. 19

7.3 Transportation regulations and labelling ........................................................................................... 22

7.4 Marking ............................................................................................................................................................ 23

7.5 Storage .............................................................................................................................................................. 23

Annex A (informative) General information on aluminium based coagulants...................................... 25

Annex B (normative) General rules relating to safety .................................................................................... 27

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 28

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European foreword

This document (prEN 15031:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water

supply”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 15031:2013.

In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:

— modification of 7.3 on transportation regulations and labelling, adding the sentence “The user must

be aware of the incompatibilities between transported products.”;

— modification of 7.4 on marking. The requirements of marking are also applied to the accompanying

documents.
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Introduction

In respect of potential adverse effects on the quality of water for swimming pools, caused by the

products covered by this document:

a) this document provides no information as to whether the products may be used without restriction

in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA;

b) it should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national

regulations concerning the use and/or the characteristics of these products remain in force.

NOTE Conformity with this document does not confer or imply acceptance or approval of the products in any

of the Member States of the EU or EFTA. The use of the products covered by this document is subject to regulation

or control by National Authorities.
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1 Scope

This document is applicable to aluminium based coagulants (aluminium sulfate, aluminium chloride

(monomeric), aluminium chloride hydroxide (monomeric), aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate

(monomeric), sodium aluminate and polyaluminium chloride hydroxide and polyaluminium chloride

hydroxide sulfate) used directly or for the production of formulations for treatment of water for

swimming pools.

It describes the characteristics of aluminium based coagulants and specifies the requirements and the

corresponding test methods for aluminium based coagulants. It gives information on their use in

swimming pool water treatment. It also determines the rules relating to safe handling and use

(see Annex B).
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 1302, Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption - Aluminium-based

coagulants - Analytical methods
ISO 3165, Sampling of chemical products for industrial use — Safety in sampling
ISO 6206, Chemical products for industrial use — Sampling — Vocabulary

ISO 8213, Chemical products for industrial use — Sampling techniques — Solid chemical products in the

form of particles varying from powders to coarse lumps
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
4 Description
4.1 Aluminium sulfate
4.1.1 Identification
4.1.1.1 Chemical name
Aluminium sulfate.
4.1.1.2 Synonym or common names
Aluminium sulfate, cake alum, alum.

NOTE In English the generic term “alum” is imprecise and is deprecated and in German the term “Alaun” is

misleading.
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4.1.1.3 Relative molecular mass
342,14 for Al (SO ) .
2 4 3
4.1.1.4 Empirical formula
Al (SO ) .
2 4 3
4.1.1.5 Chemical formula
Al (SO ) .nH O.
2 4 3 2
4.1.1.6 CAS Registry Number
Al (SO ) : 10043–01–3.
2 4 3
Al (SO ) ·16 H O: 16828–11–8.
2 4 3 2
Al (SO ) ·18 H O: 7784–31–8.
2 4 3 2
4.1.1.7 EINECS reference
Al (SO ) : 233–135–0.
2 4 3
4.1.2 Commercial forms

Aluminium sulfate is available in solid hydrated forms, with different particle sizes (slabs, kibbled,

ground, granulated) and in aqueous solutions.
4.1.3 Physical properties
4.1.3.1 Appearance
The product is a white solid or colourless to yellow, clear liquid.
4.1.3.2 Density

The density of a typical aluminium sulfate solution is given in Table 1 and varies depending on the

concentration of the active matter (aluminium content), expressed in grams per kilogram of solution

(Al g/kg).
Table 1 — Density of solution
Al Density at 15 °C
g/kg of solution g/ml
40,8 1,310
41,6 1,315
42,5 1,320
43,3 1,325
44,2 1,330
45,0 1,335
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number.
European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances.
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4.1.3.3 Solubility

The theoretical limit of active matter content for a typical solution is given in Table 2.

Table 2 — Solubility
Temperature Active matter in Al
°C g/kg of solution
- 1 44,7
24 44,8

The practical limit of solubility depends on the temperature and the device used for solubilisation of the

solid form (slabs, kibbled, ground or granulated).
An indication of practical limits is given in Table 3.
Table 3 — Indication of practical limits of solubility
Temperature Active matter Al Solubility in grams solid form
(containing Al 90 g/kg of solid)
°C g/kg of solution
per kilogram of solution
15 37 410
4.1.3.4 Vapour pressure at 20 °C
Not known.
4.1.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa
Not known.
4.1.3.6 Crystallization point

The crystallization point of aluminium sulfate varies, depending on the concentration of the active

matter.
For example:
— – 7 °C for a typical solution of aluminium content of 42,4 g/kg of solution.
4.1.3.7 Specific heat
Not known.
4.1.3.8 Viscosity (dynamic)

The viscosity of aluminium sulfate solution varies greatly, depending on the concentration of the active

matter.

For a typical solution of aluminium content of 42,4 g/kg of solution, the viscosity is given in Table 4.

100 kPa = 1 bar.
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Table 4 — Viscosity
Temperature Viscosity
°C mPa.s
0 40,0
10 26,5
20 18,6
30 13,2
40 8,8
4.1.3.9 Critical temperature
Not applicable.
4.1.3.10 Critical pressure
Not applicable.
4.1.3.11 Physical hardness
Not applicable.
4.1.4 Chemical properties

Aluminium sulfate is an acidic hydrated salt or solution. Very dilute solutions hydrolyse and form a

precipitate of aluminium hydroxide.

Since aluminium compounds are amphoteric in nature, the solubility of aluminium depends on the pH

value and the product should be used within an appropriate pH range.
4.2 Aluminium chloride (monomeric), aluminium chloride hydroxide (monomeric) and
aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric)
4.2.1 Identification
4.2.1.1 Chemical name
a) aluminium chloride (monomeric);
b) aluminium chloride hydroxide (monomeric);
c) aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric).
4.2.1.2 Synonym or common names
a) aluminium chloride;
b) aluminium chloride hydroxide;
c) aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate.
4.2.1.3 Relative molecular mass
133,3 for AlCl .
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4.2.1.4 Empirical formula
a) AlCl ;
b) Al(OH) Cl with (a + b) = 3 and a less than or equal to 1,05;
a b
c) Al(OH) Cl (SO ) with (a + b + 2c) = 3 and a less than or equal to 1,05.
a b 4 c
4.2.1.5 Chemical formula
Variable (see 4.1.4).
4.2.1.6 CAS Registry Number
a) 7446-70-0;
1) a and b variable: 1327-41-9 with a less than or equal to 1,05;
2) a = 1, b = 2: 14215-15-7;
c) a, b and c variable: 39290-78-3 with a less than or equal to 1,05.
4.2.1.7 EINECS reference
a) 231-208-1;
1) 215-477-2;
2) 238-071-7;
c) 254-400-7.
4.2.2 Commercial forms
Aluminium chloride in the form of hexahydrate is available as crystals.

Liquid forms of aluminium chloride, aluminium chloride hydroxide and aluminium chloride hydroxide

sulfate (monomeric) are available as solutions or suspensions.
4.2.3 Physical properties
4.2.3.1 Appearance
The product is colourless to yellow.
4.2.3.2 Density

The density depends on the particular composition, especially the aluminium ion content, expressed as

mass fraction of aluminium (Al) in %.
Typical values for solutions:
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number.
European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances.
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a) aluminium chloride: 1,3 g/ml for 5,8 % Al;
b) aluminium chloride hydroxide: 1,35 g/ml to 1,40 g/ml for 9,5 % Al;
c) aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate:
— 1,18 g/ml to 1,22 g/ml for 5,3 % Al;
— 1,18 g/ml for 4,2 % Al.
4.2.3.3 Solubility

Aluminium chloride, aluminium chloride hydroxide and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate

(monomeric) are fully miscible with water.

NOTE Depending on the particular product, dilute solutions can hydrolyze and form a precipitate.

4.2.3.4 Vapour pressure
Not known.
4.2.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa
Not known.
4.2.3.6 Crystallization point
Typical values for solutions:
a) aluminium chloride: – 20 °C for 5,8 % Al;
b) aluminium chloride hydroxide:
— ≤ – 20 °C for 9,5 % Al;
— approximately – 20 °C for 12,4 % Al;
c) aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate:
— 10 °C to – 15 °C for 5,3 % Al;
— 5 °C for 4,2 % Al.
4.2.3.7 Specific heat
Not known.
4.2.3.8 Viscosity (dynamic)
Typical values for solutions at 20 °C:
a) aluminium chloride solution: approximately 10 mPa.s for 5,8 % Al;
b) aluminium chloride hydroxide:
— 10 mPa.s to 50 mPa.s for 9,5 % Al;
100 kPa = 1 bar.
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c) aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate:
— 3 mPa.s to 10 mPa.s for 5,3 % Al.
4.2.3.9 Critical temperature
Not applicable.
4.2.3.10 Critical pressure
Not applicable.
4.2.3.11 Physical hardness
Not applicable.
4.3 Sodium aluminate
4.3.1 Identification
4.3.1.1 Chemical name
Aluminium sodium oxide.
4.3.1.2 Synonym or common name
Sodium aluminate.
4.3.1.3 Relative molecular mass
82 for NaAlO .
4.3.1.4 Empirical formula
NaAlO 0,1 Na O.nH O (n varies from 0,3 to 0,4).
2 2 2
4.3.1.5 Chemical formula
NaAlO .
4.3.1.6 CAS Registry Number
11138-49-1.
4.3.1.7 EINECS reference
234-391-6.
4.3.2 Commercial form
Sodium aluminate is available as solids (powder or granules) or solutions.
4.3.3 Physical properties
4.3.3.1 Appearance
The product is a white powder or granules or colourless to yellow liquid.
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number.
European inventory of Existing Commercial chemicals Substances.
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4.3.3.2 Density
The absolute density of solids products is 2,35 g/cm .
3 3

The tamped bulk density (powder) is between 1 g/cm to 1,2 g/cm (depends on grain size).

The density of solutions is 1,5 g/ml for a solution containing 10 % of active matter, expressed as mass

fraction of aluminium in the product (10 % Al).
4.3.3.3 Solubility

Sodium aluminate is soluble in water to yield solutions of up to 12,7 % Al at 20 °C (concentration higher

than 400 g/l).

NOTE Depending on temperature and degree of dilution, solutions of sodium aluminate can hydrolyse and

form a precipitate.
4.3.3.4 Vapour pressure
— Solid not applicable;
— Solution not known.
4.3.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa
— Solid not applicable;
— Solution not known.
4.3.3.6 Melting or crystallization point
— Solid melting point: approximately 1 650 °C;

— Solution typical values for crystallization point range between – 15 °C and – 25 °C.

4.3.3.7 Specific heat
Not known.
4.3.3.8 Viscosity (dynamic)

Typical values of dynamic viscosity for sodium aluminate solutions, containing 10 % Al and 12,7 % Al

are given in Table 5.
Table 5 — Viscosity
Temperature Viscosity
°C mPa.s
10 % Al 12,7 % Al
– 5 1 250 15 000
0 650 7 000
5 360 2 850
10 200 1 650
15 140 900
20 120 560
100 kPa = 1 bar.
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4.3.3.9 Critical temperature
Not applicable.
4.3.3.10 Critical pressure
Not applicable.
4.3.3.11 Physical hardness
— Solid not known;
— Solution not applicable.
4.3.4 Chemical properties

Sodium aluminate solutions are highly alkaline. Their solutions hydrolyse and form a precipitate of

aluminium hydroxide when diluted beyond a particular level or neutralized.

Since aluminium compounds are amphoteric in nature, the solubility of aluminium depends on the pH

value and the product should be used within an appropriate pH range.

When dissolved in drinking water, calcium is partially precipitated with aluminium hydroxide.

4.4 Polyaluminium chloride hydroxide and polyaluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate

4.4.1 Identification
4.4.1.1 Chemical names
a) Polyaluminium chloride hydroxide;
b) Polyaluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate.
4.4.1.2 Synonym or common names
a) Polyaluminium chloride, PAC, PACl; basic aluminium chloride, BAC.
NOTE In French, the term “Polychlorure d'aluminium” is deprecated.
b) Polyaluminium chloride, PAC; polyaluminium chloride sulfate, PACS.
4.4.1.3 Relative molecular mass
Variable (see 4.1.4).
4.4.1.4 Empirical formula
a) Al(OH) Cl with (a + b) = 3 and a greater than 1,05;
a b
b) Al(OH) Cl (SO ) with (a + b + 2c) = 3 and a greater than 1,05.
a b c
4.4.1.5 Chemical formula
Variable (see 4.1.4).
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4.4.1.6 CAS Registry Number
(a ) a and b variable: 1327-41-9 with a greater than 1,05;
(a ) a = 2,5; b = 0,5: 12042-91-0;
(a ) a = 2; b = 1: 10284-64-7;
(b) a, b and c variable: 39290-78-3 with a greater than 1,05.
4.4.1.7 EINECS reference
(a ) 215-477-2;
(a ) 234-933-1;
(a ) 233-632-2;
(b) 254-400-7.
4.4.2 Commercial forms
These products are generally available as liquids.
4.4.3 Physical properties
4.4.3.1 Appearance
The product is colourless to yellow.
4.4.3.2 Density

The density depends on the particular composition, especially the aluminium ion content, expressed as

mass fraction of aluminium (Al %).
Typical values:
a) Polyaluminium chloride hydroxide: 1,35 g/ml to 1,40 g/ml for 9,5 % Al;
b) Polyaluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate:
1) 1,18 g/ml to 1,22 g/ml for 5,3 % Al;
2) 1,16 g/ml for 4,2 % Al.
4.4.3.3 Solubility

All polyaluminium chloride hydroxides and polyaluminium chloride hydroxide sulfates are fully

miscible with water.

NOTE Depending on the particular product, dilute solutions can hydrolyze and form a precipitate.

4.4.3.4 Vapour pressure
Not known.
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number.
European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances.
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4.4.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa
Not known.
4.4.3.6 Crystallization point
Typical values for solutions:
a) Polyaluminium chloride hydroxide:
1) – 20 °C for 9,5 % Al;
2) 0 °C for 12,4 % Al;
b) Polyaluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate:
1) – 10 °C to - 15 °C for 5,3 % Al;
2) – 5 °C for 4,2 % Al.
4.4.3.7 Specific heat
Not known.
4.4.3.8 Viscosity (dynamic)
Typical values for solutions at 20 °C:
a) polyaluminium chloride hydroxide: 10 mPa.s to 50 mPa.s for 9,5 % Al;
b) polyaluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate: 3 mPa.s to 10 mPa.s for 5,3 % Al.
4.4.3.9 Critical temperature
Not applicable.
4.4.3.10 Critical pressure
Not applicable.
4.4.3.11 Physical hardness
Not applicable.
4.4.4 Chemical properties

Polyaluminium chloride hydroxide and polyaluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate are acidic liquids

which hydrolyze and form a precipitate of aluminium hydroxide when diluted beyond a particular level.

Since aluminium compounds are amphoteric in nature, the solubility of aluminium depends on the pH

value and the products should be used within an appropriate pH range.

NOTE A characteristic of these products is their high tendency to hydrolyze which restricts their use; this

tendency results from the particular oligomeric or polymeric composition.

These products vary in their relative basicity (mole ratio OH/3Al), the percentage of chloride and

sulfate ions present and in their method of manufacture.
100 kPa = 1 bar.
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These variations may affect their performance in the water treatment plant. Special water plant

requirements regarding, but not limited to, such items as organic matter removal, residual aluminium

levels and working pH values should be specified when possible, so that the product which best fits the

need can be offered.
For additional information on aluminium based coagulants, see Annex A.
5 Purity criteria
5.1 General

This document specifies the minimum purity requirements for aluminium based coagulants used for

the treatment of water for swimming pools. Limits are given for impurities commonly present in the

products. Depending on the raw material and the manufacturing process, other impurities may be

present and, if so, this shall be notified to the user and when necessary to relevant authorities.

The national regulations allow users to clarify whether the product is of appropriate purity for the

treatment of water for swimming pools, taking into account water quality, required dosage, contents of

other impurities and additives used in the product and not stated in this product standard.

Limits have been given for impurities and chemical parameters where these are likely to be present in

significant quantities from the current production process and raw materials. If the production process

or raw materials lead to significant quantities of other impurities, by-products or additives being

present, this shall be notified to the user.
5.2 Composition of commercial product

The concentration of active matter (aluminium ion content) in the manufactured product expressed in

grams per kilogram of product shall be within ± 3 % of the manufacturer's declared values.

NOTE The concentration of water-soluble aluminium in commercial products varies. Typical values are given

in Table 6.
Table 6 — Typical values
Product Commercial form Al
g/kg of product
Aluminium sulfate Solid 72 to 91
Solution 32 to 44
Sodium aluminate Solid 225 to 238
Solution 100 to 132
a Solution 30 to 124
Aluminium chloride
a Solid 30 to 254
Aluminium chloride hydroxide
Aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate
b Solution 30 to 124
Polyaluminium chloride hydroxide
b Solid 30 to 254
Polyaluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate

The commercial products vary in the proportions of chloride and sulfate ions. The relative basicity of

these products, expressed as the mole ratio OH/3Al, shall be less than or equal to 0,35.

The commercial products vary in the proportions of chloride and sulfate ions. The relative basicity of

these products, expressed as the mole ratio OH/3Al, shall be greater than 0,35.
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prEN 15031:2020 (E)
5.3 Impurities and main by-products

Impurities derived from the manufacturing or extraction processes include insoluble matter, trace

metals and organic compounds. If iron is present, the products shall conform to the requirements

specified in Table 7.
Table 7 — Limits of impurities
Product Grade Impurity Limit
g/kg of Al
Aluminium sulfate Iron free Iron (Fe) max. 1,60
Low iron Iron (Fe) max. 1,60 < Fe ≤ 115
All grades Insoluble matter max. 23
Sodium aluminate Iron (Fe) max. 0,8
Insoluble matter (solid product) max. 8
NOTE The value quoted for iron is both iron (II) and iron (III).
5.4 Chemical parameters
The product shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 8.
Table 8 — Chemical parameters
Limit
Parameter
mg/kg of Al
Type 1 Type 2 Type 3
Arsenic (As) max. 14 40 100
Cadmium (Cd) max. 3 50 100
Chromium (Cr) max. 30 700 1 000
Mercury (Hg) max. 4 10 20
Nickel (Ni) max. 20 700 1 000
Lead (Pb) max. 40 200 800
Antimony (Sb) max. 20 40 120
Selenium (Se) max. 20 40 120

NOTE Cyanide (CN) is usually not relevant because of the acidity of the product.

Pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are not relevant since the raw

materials used in the manufacturing process are free of them, see [1]. For maximum

impact of these products on trace metal content in drinking water see A.2.
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oSIST prEN 15031:2020
prEN 15031:2020 (E)
6 Test methods
6.1 Sampling
6.1.1 Solid
Observe the general rules of ISO 3165 and take into account ISO 6206.

Prepare the laboratory sample(s) required by the relevant procedure described in ISO 8213.

6.1.2 Liquid
6.1.2.1 Sampling from drums and bottles
6.1.2.1.1 General

6.1.2.1.1.1 Mix the contents of each container to be sampled by shaking the container, by rolling it

or by rocking it from side to side, taking care not to damage the container or spill any of the liquid.

6.1.2.1.1.2 If the design of the container is such (for example, a narrow-necked bottle) that it is

impracti
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