oSIST prEN IEC 60335-2-96:2021
(Main)Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 2-96: Particular requirements for flexible sheet heating elements for room heating
Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 2-96: Particular requirements for flexible sheet heating elements for room heating
This European Standard deals with the safety of flexible sheet heating elements intended to be incorporated into floors and walls below 1,2 m and above 2,3 m and in ceilings, their rated voltage being not more than 250 V for single-phase installations and 480 V for other installations.
Sicherheit elektrischer Geräte für den Hausgebrauch und ähnliche Zwecke - Teil 2-96: Besondere Anforderungen an Flächenheizelemente
Appareils électrodomestiques et analogues - Sécurité - Partie 2-96: Exigences et particulières pour les films souples chauffants pour le chauffage des locaux
IEC 60335-2-96:2019 est disponible sous forme de IEC 60335-2-96:2019 RLV qui contient la Norme internationale et sa version Redline, illustrant les modifications du contenu technique depuis l'édition précédente.
L'IEC 60335-2-96:2019 traite de la sécurité des films souples chauffants destinés à être intégrés aux planchers, aux murs au-dessous d'une hauteur de 1,2 m et au-dessus d'une hauteur de 2,3 m ainsi qu'aux plafonds, leur tension assignée ne dépassant pas 250 V pour les installations monophasées et 480 V pour les autres installations.
Les films souples chauffants sont convertis en unités chauffantes qui sont intégrées au bâti conformément aux instructions relatives à l'installation après laquelle le niveau de protection contre les dangers est atteint. L'attention est attirée sur le fait que:
– dans de nombreux pays, différentes règles de câblage s'appliquent;
– pour les unités chauffantes destinées à être utilisées dans des véhicules ou à bord de navires ou d'avions, des exigences supplémentaires peuvent être nécessaires;
– dans de nombreux pays, des exigences supplémentaires sont spécifiées par les organismes nationaux responsables de la protection anti-incendie, les organismes nationaux responsables de la réglementation des constructions, les autorités sanitaires nationales, les organismes nationaux en charge de la protection des travailleurs et des organismes analogues.
La présente norme ne s'applique pas:
– aux unités chauffantes prévues exclusivement pour des usages industriels;
– aux unités chauffantes destinées à être utilisées dans des locaux présentant des conditions particulières, telles que la présence d'une atmosphère corrosive ou explosive (poussière, vapeur ou gaz);
– aux couvertures, coussins, vêtements et appareils chauffants souples analogues (IEC 60335-2-17);
– aux chancelières et carpettes chauffantes électriques (IEC 60335-2-81);
– aux tapis chauffants et aux unités chauffantes pour le chauffage des locaux, installés sous des revêtements de sol amovibles (IEC 60335-2-106);
– aux films souples chauffants intégrés dans d'autres appareils.
Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition parue en 2002, l'Amendement 1:2003 et l'Amendement 2:2008. Cette édition constitue une révision technique.
Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à la première édition:
– mise en correspondance du texte avec l'IEC 60335-1, Ed 5, et ses Amendements 1 et 2;
– certaines notes ont été converties en texte normatif ou supprimées (5.6, 7.12.1, 10.1, 11.2.103, 13.1, 13.2, 16.2, 16.3, 18.101, 18.102.5, 21.1, 22.103, 22.105, 22.106);
– l'essai de rigidité diélectrique des unités chauffantes comprenant les câbles isolés destinés à être installés dans les planchers a été modifié (21.103);
– le domaine d'application et des exigences spécifiques ont été ajoutés pour les unités chauffantes installées dans les murs au-dessous d'une hauteur de 1,2 m (6.2, 7.1, 7.12.1, 7.12.6, 7.101, 11.2, 19.2, 22.106, 24.102, Annexe AA).
Gospodinjski in podobni električni aparati - Varnost - 2-96. del: Posebne zahteve za grelne elemente z zvijavimi ploščami za sobno gretje
General Information
RELATIONS
Standards Content (sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN IEC 60335-2-96:2021
01-januar-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 60335-2-96:2003
SIST EN 60335-2-96:2003/A1:2004
SIST EN 60335-2-96:2003/A2:2009
Gospodinjski in podobni električni aparati - Varnost - 2-96. del: Posebne zahteve
za grelne elemente z zvijavimi ploščami za sobno gretjeHousehold and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 2-96: Particular requirements
for flexible sheet heating elements for room heatingTa slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 60335-2-96:2020
ICS:
13.120 Varnost na domu Domestic safety
97.100.10 Električni grelniki Electric heaters
oSIST prEN IEC 60335-2-96:2021 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN IEC 60335-2-96:2021
EUROPEAN STANDARD DRAFT
prEN IEC 60335-2-96
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2020
ICS 97.100.10; 13.120 Will supersede EN 60335-2-96:2002 and all of its
amendments and corrigenda (if any)
English Version
Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 2-96:
Particular requirements for flexible sheet heating elements for
room heating
(IEC 60335-2-96:2019)
To be completed To be completed
(IEC 60335-2-96:2019) (IEC 60335-2-96:2019)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CENELEC members for enquiry.
Deadline for CENELEC: 2021-02-12.
The text of this draft consists of the text of IEC 60335-2-96:2019.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CENELEC in three official versions (English, French, German).
A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to
the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Project: 71393 Ref. No. prEN IEC 60335-2-96:2020 E---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
oSIST prEN IEC 60335-2-96:2021
prEN IEC 60335-2-96:2020 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN IEC 60335-2-96:2020) consists of the text of document IEC 60335-2-96:2019,
prepared by IEC/TC 61 "Safety of household and similar electrical appliances"This document is currently submitted to the CENELEC Enquiry.
The following dates are proposed:
• latest date by which the existence of this document (doa) dor + 6 months
has to be announced at national level
• latest date by which this document has to be (dop) dor + 12 months
implemented at national level by publication of an
identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards (dow) dor + 36 months
conflicting with this document have to be withdrawn (to be confirmed or
modified when voting)
This document will supersede EN 60335-2-96:2003 and all of its amendments and corrigenda (if any).
This standard is not linked to European legislation unless it is used in conjunction with A11.
Secretary Note: EN IEC 60335-2-96:2020 shall be read in conjunction with commonmodifications in EN IEC 60335-2-96/A11:2020 (PR=71394)
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oSIST prEN IEC 60335-2-96:2021
IEC 60335-2-96
Edition 2.0 2019-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety –
Part 2-96: Particular requirements for flexible sheet heating elements for room
heating
Appareils électrodomestiques et analogues – Sécurité –
Partie 2-96: Exigences particulières pour les films souples chauffants pour le
chauffage des locaux
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 97.100.10; 13.120 ISBN 978-2-8322-6865-0
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical CommissionMarque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... 4
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 7
1 Scope .............................................................................................................................. 8
2 Normative references ...................................................................................................... 8
3 Terms and definitions ...................................................................................................... 9
4 General requirement ...................................................................................................... 10
5 General conditions for the tests ..................................................................................... 10
6 Classification ................................................................................................................. 11
7 Marking and instructions ................................................................................................ 11
8 Protection against access to live parts ........................................................................... 16
9 Starting of motor-operated appliances ........................................................................... 16
10 Power input and current ................................................................................................. 16
11 Heating .......................................................................................................................... 17
12 Void ............................................................................................................................... 21
13 Leakage current and electric strength at operating temperature ..................................... 21
14 Transient overvoltages .................................................................................................. 21
15 Moisture resistance ....................................................................................................... 22
16 Leakage current and electric strength ............................................................................ 22
17 Overload protection of transformers and associated circuits .......................................... 23
18 Endurance ..................................................................................................................... 23
19 Abnormal operation ....................................................................................................... 25
20 Stability and mechanical hazards ................................................................................... 26
21 Mechanical strength ...................................................................................................... 26
22 Construction .................................................................................................................. 28
23 Internal wiring ................................................................................................................ 30
24 Components .................................................................................................................. 30
25 Supply connection and external flexible cords ............................................................... 30
26 Terminals for external conductors .................................................................................. 31
27 Provision for earthing .................................................................................................... 31
28 Screws and connections ................................................................................................ 31
29 Clearances, creepage distances and solid insulation ..................................................... 31
30 Resistance to heat and fire ............................................................................................ 32
31 Resistance to rusting ..................................................................................................... 32
32 Radiation, toxicity and similar hazards ........................................................................... 32
Annexes ............................................................................................................................... 46
Annex AA (informative) Summary of installation instructions ................................................ 47
Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 49
Figure 101 – Arrangement for testing heating units in timber ceilings .................................... 33
Figure 102 – Arrangement for testing modular heating units ................................................. 34
Figure 103 – Arrangement for testing heating units in timber floors ....................................... 35
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IEC 60335-2-96:2019 © IEC 2019 – 3 –
Figure 104 – Arrangement for testing heating units below concrete ....................................... 36
Figure 105 – Arrangement for testing heating units in timber floors and ceilings in
combination .......................................................................................................................... 37
Figure 106 – Jig for locating the contact needle .................................................................... 38
Figure 107 – Arrangement for testing heating units above timber floors ................................ 39
Figure 108 – Arrangement for testing heating units above concrete floors ............................. 40
Figure 109 – Arrangement for measuring capacitive currents ................................................ 41
Figure 110 – Arrangement for testing heating units in timber walls ........................................ 42
Figure 111 – Arrangement for testing heating units in both sides of timber wallapplications .......................................................................................................................... 43
Figure 112 – Arrangement for testing heating units intended to be installed in a wall of
concrete or similar material ................................................................................................... 44
Figure 113 – Arrangement for testing heating units against wall of concrete or similar
material ................................................................................................................................ 45
Table 101 – Temperature rise limits for surfaces ................................................................... 21
Table AA.1 – Summary of installation instructions ................................................................. 47
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES – SAFETY –
Part 2-96: Particular requirements for flexible
sheet heating elements for room heating
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60335-2-96 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 61:
Safety of household and similar electrical appliances.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2002,
Amendment 1:2003 and Amendment 2:2008. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the first
edition:– aligns the text with IEC 60335-1:2010, and its Amendments 1 and 2;
– some notes have been converted to normative text or deleted (5.6, 7.12.1, 10.1, 11.2.103,
13.1, 13.2, 16.2, 16.3, 18.101, 18.102.5, 21.1, 22.103, 22.105, 22.106);– the strength test for heating units incorporating insulated wires intended to be installed in
floors has been modified a (21.103);---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
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IEC 60335-2-96:2019 © IEC 2019 – 5 –
– the scope and specific requirements have been added for heating units installed in walls
below a height of 1,2 m (6.2, 7.1, 7.12.1, 7.12.6, 7.101, 11.2, 19.2, 22.106, 24.102, Annex
AA).The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
61/5789/FDIS 61/5806/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the IEC 60335 series, under the general title: Household and similar
electrical appliances – Safety, can be found on the IEC website.This part 2 is to be used in conjunction with the latest edition of IEC 60335-1 and its
amendments. It was established on the basis of the fifth edition (2010) of that standard.
NOTE 1 When “Part 1” is mentioned in this standard, it refers to IEC 60335-1.This part 2 supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses in IEC 60335-1, so as to
convert that publication into the IEC standard: Particular requirements for flexible sheet
heating elements for room heating.When a particular subclause of Part 1 is not mentioned in this part 2, that subclause applies
as far as is reasonable. When this standard states "addition", "modification" or "replacement",
the relevant text in Part 1 is to be adapted accordingly.NOTE 2 The following numbering system is used:
– subclauses, tables and figures that are numbered starting from 101 are additional to those in Part 1;
– unless notes are in a new subclause or involve notes in Part 1, they are numbered starting from 101, including
those in a replaced clause or subclause;– additional annexes are lettered AA, BB, etc.
NOTE 3 The following print types are used:
– requirements: in roman type;
– test specifications: in italic type;
– notes: in small roman type.
Words in bold in the text are defined in Clause 3. When a definition concerns an adjective, the adjective and the
associated noun are also in bold.The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
NOTE 4 The attention of National Committees is drawn to the fact that equipment manufacturers and testing
organizations may need a transitional period following publication of a new, amended or revised IEC publication in
which to make products in accordance with the new requirements and to equip themselves for conducting new or
revised tests.---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
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It is the recommendation of the committee that the content of this publication be adopted for implementation
nationally not earlier than 12 months or later than 36 months from the date of publication.
The following additional differences exist in the countries indicated below.– 1: Flexible sheet heating elements that are cut on site are not allowed (France).
– 1: The intended installation is not to include walls (USA).– 7.1: The intended installation is not to include walls (USA).
– 7.12.1 c): The instructions in timber floors shall state that the heating unit is to be covered with additional
insulation, be supplied through an isolating transformer, or be class II (Sweden).
– 7.12.1 c): The instructions need not refer to residual current devices (USA).– Clause 18: The tests are different (USA).
– 22.102: The test is different (USA).
– 22.103: The test is different (USA).
– 25.3: Heating units are not allowed to incorporate supply cords (USA).
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INTRODUCTION
It has been assumed in the drafting of this International Standard that the execution of its
provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced persons.This standard recognizes the internationally accepted level of protection against hazards such
as electrical, mechanical, thermal, fire and radiation of appliances when operated as in
normal use taking into account the manufacturer's instructions. It also covers abnormal
situations that can be expected in practice and takes into account the way in which
electromagnetic phenomena can affect the safe operation of appliances.This standard takes into account the requirements of IEC 60364 as far as possible so that
there is compatibility with the wiring rules when the appliance is connected to the supply
mains. However, national wiring rules may differ.If an appliance within the scope of this standard also incorporates functions that are covered
by another part 2 of IEC 60335, the relevant part 2 is applied to each function separately, as
far as is reasonable. If applicable, the influence of one function on the other is taken into
account.When a part 2 standard does not include additional requirements to cover hazards dealt with
in Part 1, Part 1 applies.NOTE 1 This means that the technical committees responsible for the part 2 standards have determined that it is
not necessary to specify particular requirements for the appliance in question over and above the general
requirements.This standard is a product family standard dealing with the safety of appliances and takes
precedence over horizontal and generic standards covering the same subject.NOTE 2 Horizontal and generic standards covering a hazard are not applicable since they have been taken into
consideration when developing the general and particular requirements for the IEC 60335 series of standards. For
example, in the case of temperature requirements for surfaces on many appliances, generic standards, such as
ISO 13732-1 for hot surfaces, are not applicable in addition to Part 1 or part 2 standards.
An appliance that complies with the text of this standard will not necessarily be considered to
comply with the safety principles of the standard if, when examined and tested, it is found to
have other features which impair the level of safety covered by these requirements.
An appliance employing materials or having forms of construction differing from those detailed
in the requirements of this standard may be examined and tested according to the intent of
the requirements and, if found to be substantially equivalent, may be considered to comply
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HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES – SAFETY –
Part 2-96: Particular requirements for flexible
sheet heating elements for room heating
1 Scope
This clause of Part 1 is replaced by the following.
This part of IEC 60335 deals with the safety of flexible sheet heating elements intended to
be incorporated into floors and walls below 1,2 m and above 2,3 m and in ceilings, their rated
voltage being not more than 250 V for single-phase installations and 480 V for other
installations.Flexible sheet heating elements are converted into heating units that are incorporated in
the building in accordance with the instructions after which the required level of protection
against hazards is achieved.NOTE 101 Attention is drawn to the fact that
– in many countries, different wiring rules apply;
– for heating units intended to be used in vehicles or on board ships or aircraft, additional requirements can be
necessary;– in many countries, additional requirements are specified by the national authorities for fire protection, the
national authorities for building regulations, the national health authorities, the national authorities responsible
for the protection of labour and similar authorities.NOTE 102 This standard does not apply to
– heating units intended exclusively for industrial purposes;
– heating units intended to be used in locations where special conditions prevail, such as the presence of a
corrosive or explosive atmosphere (dust, vapour or gas);– blankets, pads, clothing and similar flexible heating appliances (IEC 60335-2-17);
– foot warmers and heating mats (IEC 60335-2-81);– heated carpets and for heating units for room heating installed under removable floor coverings
(IEC 60335-2-106);– flexible sheet heating elements incorporated in other appliances.
2 Normative references
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
Addition:
IEC 60364-7-701:2006, Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 7-701: Requirements for
special installations or locations – Locations containing a bath or showerIEC 60884-1:2002, Plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes – Part 1:
General requirementsIEC 60884-1:2002/AMD1:2006
IEC 60884-1:2002/AMD2:2013
___________
There exists a consolidated edition 3.2:2013 that includes edition 3:2002, its Amendment 1:2006 and
Amendment 2:2013.---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
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ISO 3864-1, Graphical symbols – Safety colours and safety signs – Part 1: Design principles
for safety signs and safety markings3 Terms and definitions
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
3.1 Definitions relating to physical characteristics
Replacement:
3.1.9
normal operation
operation of the heating unit after incorporation into the building in accordance with the
instructions.Flexible sheet heating elements, the current of which can vary depending on the length of
the flexible sheet heating elements and those that can supply other flexible sheet heating
elements are loaded so that the current marked on the flexible sheet heating elements
flows through the heating unit.Heating units for storage heating applications are charged for 75 % of the rated charging
period.3.1.101
rated charging period
longest uninterrupted charging period assigned to the heating unit by the manufacturer
3.2 Definitions relating to means of connectionReplacement:
3.2.1
supply leads
set of wires intended for connecting the appliance to fixed wiring
3.5 Definitions relating to types of appliances
3.5.4 Addition:
Heating units are considered to be fixed appliances.
3.5.101
flexible sheet heating element
heating element consisting of sheets of electrical insulation laminated with electrical
resistance material, or a base material on which electrically insulated heating wires are fixed
Note 1 to entry: This definition does not preclude other methods of combining the insulation and resistance
materials.3.5.102
heating unit
flexible sheet heating element equipped with means of connection to the supply and with
insulation surrounding live partsNote 1 to entry: The heating unit can be partly or completely prefabricated.
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3.5.103
modular heating unit
prefabricated assembly consisting of a heating unit and other materials to form a rigid
construction for mounting on a ceiling3.5.104
storage heating application
use of heating units to heat thermal accumulating material
Note 1 to entry: The heat is discharged naturally, the heat output being varied by adjusting the energy input.
3.6 Definitions relating to parts of an appliance3.6.101
electrode
conductive part incorporated in a flexible sheet heating element for supplying the heating
material4 General requirement
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
5 General conditions for the tests
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
5.2 Replacement:
In general, eight samples are required for the tests.
The tests of 13.3 and of Clauses 15 and 16 are carried out on one sample.
The tests of 18.101 and of Clause 30 are carried out on one sample.
The test of 21.102 is carried out on two samples. One of these samples is also used for the
test of 22.101.The test of 22.103 is carried out on one sample.
The remaining tests are carried out on the sixth sample. The other two samples are required
for incorporating into the test arrangement to create the necessary thermal environment.
NOTE 101 Additional samples can be necessary if tests have to be repeated.Nine samples of modular heating units are necessary for the tests of 11.2.102.
Additional samples are necessary if the tests of 18.102 are carried out
...
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