oSIST prEN ISO 10140-3:2020

Acoustics - Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements - Part 3: Measurement of impact sound insulation (ISO/DIS 10140-3:2020)

Akustik - Messung der Schalldämmung von Bauteilen im Prüfstand - Teil 3: Messung der Trittschalldämmung (ISO/DIS 10140-3:2020)

Dieses Dokument legt Verfahren zur Messung der Trittschalldämmung von Deckenkonstruktionen im Prüf¬stand fest.
Die Prüfergebnisse können angewendet werden, um die Schalldämmeigenschaften von Bauteilen zu ver¬gleichen, Bauteile nach ihrer Schalldämmfähigkeit zu klassifizieren, die Konstruktion von Bauprodukten zu unterstützen, die bestimmte akustische Eigenschaften erfordern, und um die Leistung im eingebauten Zustand im vollständigen Gebäude abzuschätzen.
Die Messungen werden in Laborprüfständen durchgeführt, in denen eine Schallübertragung über Flanken¬wege unterdrückt wird. Die Ergebnisse der nach diesem Dokument durchgeführten Messungen sind nicht direkt auf die Situation in der Praxis anwendbar, ohne dass andere Faktoren, wie Flankenübertragung, Rand¬bedingungen und Verlustfaktor, die die Schalldämmung beeinflussen können, berücksichtigt werden.
Es wird ein Prüfverfahren festgelegt, bei dem das Norm-Hammerwerk (siehe ISO 10140 5:—, Anhang E) verwendet wird, um Trittschallquellen, wie die Schritte einer Schuhe tragenden Person, nachzubilden. Alternative Prüfverfahren, bei denen ein modifiziertes Hammerwerk oder eine schwere/weiche Trittschall¬quelle (siehe ISO 10140 5:—, Anhang F) verwendet wird, um Trittschallquellen mit starken tieffrequenten Komponenten, wie z. B. menschliche Schritte (barfuß) oder springende Kinder, nachzubilden, werden eben¬falls festgelegt.
Dieses Dokument ist anzuwenden für alle Arten von Decken (sowohl in schwerer als auch in leichter Aus¬führung) mit allen Arten von Deckenauflagen. Diese Prüfverfahren sind nur für Messungen im Prüfstand anzuwenden.

Acoustique - Mesurage en laboratoire de l'isolation acoustique des éléments de construction - Partie 3: Mesurage de l'isolation au bruit de choc (ISO/DIS 10140-3:2020)

Akustika - Laboratorijsko merjenje zvočne izolirnosti gradbenih elementov - 3. del: Merjenje izolirnosti pred udarnim zvokom (ISO/DIS 10140-3:2020)

Standards Content (sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 10140-3:2020
01-september-2020

Akustika - Laboratorijsko merjenje zvočne izolirnosti gradbenih elementov - 3. del:

Merjenje izolirnosti pred udarnim zvokom (ISO/DIS 10140-3:2020)

Acoustics - Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements - Part 3:

Measurement of impact sound insulation (ISO/DIS 10140-3:2020)

Akustik - Messung der Schalldämmung von Bauteilen im Prüfstand - Teil 3: Messung der

Trittschalldämmung (ISO/DIS 10140-3:2020)
Acoustique - Mesurage en laboratoire de l'isolation acoustique des éléments de

construction - Partie 3: Mesurage de l'isolation au bruit de choc (ISO/DIS 10140-3:2020)

Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 10140-3
ICS:
17.140.01 Akustična merjenja in Acoustic measurements and
blaženje hrupa na splošno noise abatement in general
91.060.01 Stavbni elementi na splošno Elements of buildings in
general
91.120.20 Akustika v stavbah. Zvočna Acoustics in building. Sound
izolacija insulation
oSIST prEN ISO 10140-3:2020 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO 10140-3:2020
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oSIST prEN ISO 10140-3:2020
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 10140-3
ISO/TC 43/SC 2 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2020-06-19 2020-09-11
Acoustics — Laboratory measurement of sound insulation
of building elements —
Part 3:
Measurement of impact sound insulation

Acoustique — Mesurage en laboratoire de l'isolation acoustique des éléments de construction —

Partie 3: Mesurage de l'isolation au bruit de choc
ICS: 91.120.20
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 10140-3:2020(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2020
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oSIST prEN ISO 10140-3:2020
ISO/DIS 10140-3:2020(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting

on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address

below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 10140-3:2020
ISO/DIS 10140-3:2020(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

4 Facilities and equipment .............................................................................................................................................................................. 2

5 Test procedure and evaluation .............................................................................................................................................................. 3

5.1 General procedure ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3

5.2 Generation of sound field ............................................................................................................................................................... 3

5.3 Data processing ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

5.4 Correction of airborne sound transmission ................................................................................................................... 4

5.5 Expression of results .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5

6 Test arrangement ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6

6.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

6.2 Types of installation ........................................................................................................................................................................... 6

6.2.1 Floor element ...................................................................................................................................................................... 6

6.2.2 Floor covering .................................................................................................................................................................... 6

7 Limits of performance .................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

8 Measurement uncertainty .......................................................................................................................................................................... 6

9 Test report ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

Annex A (informative) Measurement using heavy and soft impact sources ...............................................................8

Annex B (informative) Form for the expression of results .........................................................................................................12

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................14

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oSIST prEN ISO 10140-3:2020
ISO/DIS 10140-3:2020(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/

iso/ foreword .html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 2, Building

acoustics.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10140-3:2010) and the Amendment

ISO 10140-3:2010/Amd1: 2015, which have been technically revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— normative references updated
— terms and definitions updated
— all references updated
— in 5.2 third paragraph added
— in 5.4 a) and b) revised
— title of Clause 8 changed to “Measurement uncertainty”
A list of all parts in the ISO 10140 series can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 10140-3:2020
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Introduction

ISO 10140 (all parts) concerns laboratory measurement of the sound insulation of building elements

(see Table 1).

ISO 10140-1 specifies the application rules for specific elements and products, including specific

requirements for preparation, mounting, operating and test conditions. ISO 10140-2 and this part of

ISO 10140 contain the general procedures for airborne and impact sound insulation measurements,

respectively, and refer to ISO 10140-4 and ISO 10140-5 where appropriate. For elements and products

without a specific application rule described in ISO 10140-1, it is possible to apply ISO 10140-2 and

this part of ISO 10140. ISO 10140-4 contains basic measurement techniques and processes. ISO 10140-5

contains requirements for test facilities and equipment. For the structure of ISO 10140 (all parts), see

Table 1.

ISO 10140 (all parts) was created to improve the layout for laboratory measurements, ensure

consistency and simplify future changes and additions regarding mounting conditions of test elements

in laboratory and field measurements. It is intended for ISO 10140 (all parts) to present a well-written

and arranged format for laboratory measurements.
It is intended to update ISO 10140-1 with application rules for other products.
Table 1 — Structure and contents of ISO 10140 (all parts)
Relevant Main purpose, contents and use Detailed content
part of
ISO 10140

ISO 10140-1 It indicates the appropriate test Appropriate references to ISO 10140-2 and ISO 10140-3 and

procedure for elements and product-related, specific and additional instructions on:

products. For certain types of
– specific quantities measured;
element/product, it can contain
additional and more specific
– size of test element;
instructions about quantities
– boundary and mounting conditions;
and test element size and about
preparation, mounting and
– conditioning, testing and operating conditions;
operating conditions. Where no
– additional specifics for test report.
specific details are included, the
general guidelines are according
to ISO 10140-2 and ISO 10140-3.

ISO 10140-2 It gives a complete procedure for – Definitions of main quantities measured

airborne sound insulation meas-
– General mounting and boundary conditions
urements according to ISO 10140-
4 and ISO 10140-5. For products – General measurement procedure
without specific application
– Data processing
rules, it is sufficiently complete
and general for the execution – Test report (general points)
of measurements. However, for
products with specific application
rules, measurements are carried
out according to ISO 10140-1, if
available.
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oSIST prEN ISO 10140-3:2020
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Table 1 (continued)
Relevant Main purpose, contents and use Detailed content
part of
ISO 10140

ISO 10140-3 It gives a complete procedure for – Definitions of main quantities measured

impact sound insulation measure-
– General mounting and boundary conditions
ments according to ISO 10140-4
and ISO 10140-5. For products
– General measurement procedure
without specific application
– Data processing
rules, it is sufficiently complete
and general for the execution
– Test report (general points)
of measurements. However, for
products with specific application
rules, measurements are carried
out according to ISO 10140-1, if
available.
ISO 10140-4 It gives all the basic measure- – Definitions
ment techniques and processes
– Frequency range
for measurement according to
ISO 10140-2 and ISO 10140-3 or – Microphone positions
facility qualifications according
– SPL measurements
to ISO 10140-5. Much of the con-
tent is implemented in software. – Averaging, space and time
– Correction for background noise
– Reverberation time measurements
– Loss factor measurements
– Low-frequency measurements
– Radiated sound power by velocity measurement
ISO 10140-5 It specifies all information Test facilities, design criteria:
needed to design, construct and
– volumes, dimensions;
qualify the laboratory facility, its
additional accessories and meas- – flanking transmission;
urement equipment (hardware).
– laboratory loss factor;
– maximum achievable sound reduction index;
– reverberation time;
– influence of lack of diffusivity in the laboratory.
Test openings:
– standard openings for walls and floors;
– other openings (windows, doors, small technical elements);
– filler walls in general.
Requirements for equipment:
– loudspeakers, number, positions;
– tapping machine and other impact sources;
– measurement equipment.
Reference constructions:
– basic elements for airborne and impact insulation im-
provement;
– corresponding reference performance curves.
vi © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 10140-3:2020
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 10140-3:2020(E)
Acoustics — Laboratory measurement of sound insulation
of building elements —
Part 3:
Measurement of impact sound insulation
1 Scope

This part of ISO 10140 specifies laboratory methods for measuring the impact sound insulation of floor

assemblies.

The test results can be used to compare the sound insulation properties of building elements, classify

elements according to their sound insulation capabilities, help design building products which require

certain acoustic properties and estimate the in situ performance in complete buildings.

The measurements are performed in laboratory test facilities in which sound transmission via flanking

paths is suppressed. The results of measurements made in accordance with this part of ISO 10140

are not applicable directly to the field situation without accounting for other factors affecting sound

insulation, such as flanking transmission, boundary conditions, and loss factor.

A test method is specified that uses the standard tapping machine (see ISO 10140-5:2020, Annex E) to

simulate impact sources like human footsteps when a person is wearing shoes. This part of ISO 10140 is

applicable to all types of floors (whether heavyweight or lightweight) with all types of floor coverings.

The test method applies only to laboratory measurements.

NOTE When the aim of impact sound insulation measurements is to have a strong correlation between a

“real” impact source (e.g. a person walking or children jumping) and an artificial impact source (e.g. a tapping

machine), it is intended that both sources apply the same input force spectrum to ensure the correct ranking of

floors and floor coverings for the “real” and the artificial source, and it is intended that the impedance spectra of

the sources be the same. If the “real” impact source is a walking person without shoes and the artificial source is

a standard tapping machine such as that specified in Clause 4, the correlation is not strong.

An alternative method, using a heavy/soft impact source for assessing the impact sound insulation of

a floor against impact sources with strong low-frequency components, such as human footsteps (bare

feet) or children jumping, is given in Annex A. Alternative impact sources (i.e. a proposed modification

of the standard tapping machine to make its dynamic source characteristics similar to those of a person

walking barefoot and a heavy/soft impact source with dynamic source characteristics similar to those

of children jumping) are defined in ISO 10140-5:2020, Annex F.

A method to test floor coverings is described in ISO 10140-1:2020, Annex H, for single- or multi-layer

floor coverings installed on specific reference floors. In the case of multi-layer coverings, they can be

factory-assembled or assembled at the test site.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 717-2, Acoustics — Rating of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements — Part 2: Impact

sound insulation

ISO/DIS 10140-1:2020, Acoustics — Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements —

Part 1: Application rules for specific products
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oSIST prEN ISO 10140-3:2020
ISO/DIS 10140-3:2020(E)

ISO/DIS 10140-4:2020, Acoustics — Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements —

Part 4: Measurement procedures and requirements

ISO/DIS 10140-5:2020, Acoustics — Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements —

Part 5: Requirements for test facilities and equipment
IEC 60942, Electroacoustics — Sound calibrators

IEC 61260-1, Electroacoustics — Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters — Part 1: Specifications

IEC 61672-1, Electroacoustics — Sound level meters — Part 1: Specifications
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1
impact sound pressure level

energy average sound pressure level in a one-third octave band in the receiving room when the floor

under test is excited by the standardized impact source
Note 1 to entry: L is expressed in decibels.

Note 2 to entry: The energy average sound pressure level in a room is defined in ISO 10140-4.

3.2
normalized impact sound pressure level

impact sound pressure level, L , increased by a correction term which is given in decibels, being ten

times the common logarithm of the ratio between the measured equivalent absorption area, A, of the

receiving room and the reference equivalent absorption area, A
LL=+10lg dB (1)
where
A = 10 m .
Note 1 to entry: L is expressed in decibels.

Note 2 to entry: The measured equivalent absorption area, A, of the receiving room is defined in ISO 10140-4.

4 Facilities and equipment

Laboratory test facilities shall comply with the requirements of ISO/DIS 10140-5:2020, Annex A.

The tapping machine shall meet the requirements given in ISO/DIS 10140-5:2020, Annex E.

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oSIST prEN ISO 10140-3:2020
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Requirements for equipment used to measure the sound level, and for calibration of that equipment, are

given in ISO 10140-5.

NOTE Alternative methods using a modified tapping machine or a standard heavy/soft impact source can

provide information suitable for assessing the impact sound insulation of a floor or a floor covering against

common impact sources, for instance a person walking without shoes or a child jumping. Procedures for

measurements using a heavy/soft impact source are given in Annex A, with requirements for alternate impact

sources given in ISO/DIS 10140-5:2020, Annex F.
5 Test procedure and evaluation
5.1 General procedure

Two vertically adjacent rooms are used, the upper one being designated the “source room” and the lower

one the “receiving room”. A floor, which is the test element, separates these two rooms (see Clause 6).

The impact source is placed on top of the test element at different positions and the sound pressure

levels are measured in the receiving room, normally in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 5 000 Hz

(optional down to 50 Hz). The equivalent sound absorption area in the receiving room is calculated from

reverberation time measurements. From the sound pressure levels in the receiving room, the quantities

described in Clause 3 shall be evaluated by taking into account the equivalent absorption area. The

procedures used to determine the energy average sound pressure level corrected for background noise

and the reverberation time are specified in ISO/DIS 10140-4:2020, 4.2 and 4.3.

Precautions should be taken to verify that airborne sound transmission from the source to the receiving

room (including any leakage at the perimeter of the test element) is at least 10 dB below the level of

transmitted impact sound in each frequency band, see 5.4.

A method for testing floor coverings is described in ISO/DIS 10140-1:2020, Annex H, for single- or multi-

layer floor coverings installed on specific reference floors. In the case of multi-layer coverings, they

may be factory-assembled or assembled at the test site.
5.2 Generation of sound field

The impact sound shall be generated by the standard tapping machine, as specified in Clause 4. Each set

of measurements should be made with as many impact source positions as necessary to yield a reliable

mean value.

NOTE When the aim of impact sound insulation measurements is to have a strong correlation between a

“real” impact source (e.g. a person walking or children jumping) and an artificial impact source (e.g. a tapping

machine), both sources apply the same input force spectrum, to ensure the correct ranking of floors and floor

coverings for the “real” and the artificial source, and the impedance spectra of the sources are the same. If the

“real” impact source is a walking person without shoes and the artificial source is a standard tapping machine

such as that specified in Clause 4, the correlation is not strong.

An alternative method, using a heavy/soft impact source for assessing the impact sound insulation of

a floor against impact sources with strong low-frequency components, such as human footsteps (bare

feet) or children jumping, is given in Annex A. Alternative impact sources (i.e. a proposed modification

of the standard tapping machine to make its dynamic source characteristics similar to those of a person

walking barefoot and a heavy/soft impact source with dynamic source characteristics similar to those

of children jumping) are defined in ISO 10140-5:2020, Annex F.

Also other types of impact sources can be applied, as for example rainfall on roofs and roof elements.

Such sources are defined in ISO 10140-5:2020, Annex H, while the specific application is treated in

ISO 10140-1:2020, Annex K.

When a floor element includes a soft covering, the standard tapping machine shall fulfil special

requirements (specified in ISO/DIS 10140-5:2020, Annex E). If the test surface is covered with an

extremely soft covering or the surface is very uneven, such that the hammers are not able to fall down

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oSIST prEN ISO 10140-3:2020
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the requisite 40 mm to the surface on which the supports rest, pads may be used under the supports to

ensure the correct falling height of 40 mm.

The impact sound pressure levels can reveal a time dependency after the tapping has started. In such

a case, the measurements should not begin until the noise level has become steady. The measurement

period shall be reported. If stable conditions are not reached after 5 min, the measurements should be

carried out over a well-defined measurement period.

For testing a floor, the tapping machine shall be placed in at least four different positions. The minimum

distance between tapping machine positions shall be at least 0,7 m. The distance of the tapping machine

from the edges of the floor shall be at least 0,5 m.

For heavyweight homogeneous floors, such as solid concrete, the positions and orientation of the

tapping machine shall be randomly distributed over the whole area of the floor under test.

For inhomogeneous floor constructions (such as hollow core concrete slabs or lightweight floors with

ribs, beams, joists, etc.) or floors with rough and/or irregular floor coverings, additional positions

should be used to yield a reliable mean value. The positions shall be randomly distributed on the floor

under test. The line of hammers shall be orientated at 45° to the direction of the beams, ribs or joists

(see ISO/DIS 10140-1:2020, H.4.6.2).

Additional requirements for positioning the tapping machine when testing floor coverings are given in

ISO/DIS 10140-1:2020, Annex H. Each set of measurements (bare floor and covered floor) shall be made

with as many machine positions as necessary to yield a reliable mean value, but the specific locations

and the number of positions depend both on the category of floor covering and on the type of reference

floor on which the covering is installed.

The sound field in the receiving room shall not be affected by the presence of people in the source or

receiving room during the tests.
5.3 Data processing

Calculate the normalized impact sound pressure levels (as defined in Clause 3) from the measured (and,

if necessary, corrected-for-background noise) energy average sound pressure levels in the receiving

room and the measured reverberation times, as described in ISO/DIS 10140-4:2020, 4.2, 4.3, 4.5 and 4.6.

If normalized impact sound pressure levels are needed in octave bands, these values shall be calculated

from the three one-third octave band values in each octave band using Equation (2):

 
L 10
n,1/3oct,j
 
L = 10 lg 10 (2)
n,oct
 
j=1
 

Perform all calculations with the appropriate accuracy and present the final results with a precision no

higher than the nearest 0,1 dB.

The evaluation of the single-number rating from the results in one-third octave bands shall be done in

accordance with ISO 717-2.
5.4 Correction of airborne sound transmission

In case that the airborne sound transmission from the source to the receiving room cannot be neglected

(this applies to situations where airborne and impact sound pressure level in the receiving room differ

by less than 10 dB, for instance for long reverberation times in the source room or floors with good

impact but poor airborne sound insulation) the measured impact sound shall be corrected. Make the

correction in the following way:

a) Place the loudspeaker at the edge of the source room at a distance of 1,0 m from the closest wall,

and height of 1,0 m from the floor (both distances are relative to the centre of the loudspeaker).

Only one (1) loudspeaker position is required. With the loudspeaker source on, the resulting sound

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oSIST prEN ISO 10140-3:2020
ISO/DIS 10140-3:2020(E)

pressure level in the source room (L ) and receiving room (L ) shall be measured in one-third

LS LR

octave bands. From the measured values, calculate the sound pressure level difference, D = L - L .

LS LR
Alternatively, if the airborne sound red
...