Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles - Part 3: Safety requirements

This part of IEC 62660 specifies test procedures and acceptance criteria for safety performance of secondary lithium-ion cells and cell blocks used for propulsion of electric vehicles (EV) including battery electric vehicles (BEV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). This document intends to determine the basic safety performance of cells used in a battery pack and system under intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse or incident, during the normal operation of the EV. The safety requirements of the cell in this document are based on the premise that the cells are properly used in a battery pack and system within the limits for voltage, current and temperature as specified by the cell manufacturer (cell operating region). The evaluation of the safety of cells during transport and storage is not covered by this document. NOTE 1 The safety performance requirements for lithium-ion battery packs and systems are defined in ISO 6469-1. The specifications and safety requirements for lithium-ion battery packs and systems of electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles are defined in ISO 18243. IEC 62619 covers the safety requirements for the lithium-ion cells and batteries for industrial application including, e.g. forklift truck, golf cart, and automated guided vehicle. NOTE 2 Information on the cell operating region is provided in Annex A.

Lithium-Ionen-Sekundärzellen für den Antrieb von Elektrostraßenfahrzeugen - Teil 3: Sicherheitsanforderungen

Eléments d'accumulateurs lithium-ion pour la propulsion des véhicules routiers électriques - Partie 3: Exigences de sécurité

Sekundarni litij-ionski členi za pogon električnih cestnih vozil - 3. del: Varnostne zahteve

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Due Date
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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN IEC 62660-3:2021
01-april-2021

Sekundarni litij-ionski členi za pogon električnih cestnih vozil - 3. del: Varnostne

zahteve

Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles - Part 3: Safety

requirements

Lithium-Ionen-Sekundärzellen für den Antrieb von Elektrostraßenfahrzeugen - Teil 3:

Sicherheitsanforderungen
Eléments d'accumulateurs lithium-ion pour la propulsion des véhicules routiers
électriques - Partie 3: Exigences de sécurité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 62660-3:2021
ICS:
29.220.20 Kislinski sekundarni členi in Acid secondary cells and
baterije batteries
43.120 Električna cestna vozila Electric road vehicles
oSIST prEN IEC 62660-3:2021 en

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN IEC 62660-3:2021
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oSIST prEN IEC 62660-3:2021
21/1082/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 62660-3 ED2
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2021-02-26 2021-05-21
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
21/1057/CD, 21/1079/CC
IEC TC 21 : SECONDARY CELLS AND BATTERIES
SECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
France Mr Yves Boudou
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: PROPOSED HORIZONTAL STANDARD:
SC 21A,TC 69
Other TC/SCs are requested to indicate their interest, if
any, in this CDV to the secretary.
FUNCTIONS CONCERNED:
EMC ENVIRONMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE SAFETY

SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING NOT SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING

Attention IEC-CENELEC parallel voting
The attention of IEC National Committees, members of
CENELEC, is drawn to the fact that this Committee Draft
for Vote (CDV) is submitted for parallel voting.
The CENELEC members are invited to vote through the
CENELEC online voting system.

This document is still under study and subject to change. It should not be used for reference purposes.

Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of

which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
TITLE:

Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles - Part 3: Safety

requirements
PROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2025
NOTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS:

Copyright © 2021 International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC. All rights reserved. It is permitted to

download this electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole purpose of preparing National

Committee positions. You may not copy or "mirror" the file or printed version of the document, or any part of it, for

any other purpose without permission in writing from IEC.
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oSIST prEN IEC 62660-3:2021
21/1082/CD – 2 – IEC CDV 62660-3 © IEC 2021
1 CONTENTS

3 FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... 4

4 1 Scope .............................................................................................................................. 6

5 2 Normative references ...................................................................................................... 6

6 3 Terms and definitions ...................................................................................................... 7

7 4 Test conditions ................................................................................................................ 9

8 4.1 General ................................................................................................................... 9

9 4.2 Measuring instruments ............................................................................................ 9

10 4.2.1 Range of measuring devices ............................................................................ 9

11 4.2.2 Voltage measurement ...................................................................................... 9

12 4.2.3 Current measurement ...................................................................................... 9

13 4.2.4 Temperature measurements ............................................................................ 9

14 4.2.5 Other measurements ..................................................................................... 10

15 4.3 Tolerance ............................................................................................................. 10

16 4.4 Thermal stabilization ............................................................................................. 10

17 5 Electrical measurement ................................................................................................. 10

18 5.1 General charge conditions .................................................................................... 10

19 5.2 Capacity ............................................................................................................... 11

20 5.3 SOC adjustment .................................................................................................... 11

21 6 Safety tests ................................................................................................................... 11

22 6.1 General ................................................................................................................. 11

23 6.2 Mechanical tests ................................................................................................... 12

24 6.2.1 Mechanical shock .......................................................................................... 12

25 6.2.2 Crush ............................................................................................................ 12

26 6.3 Thermal test .......................................................................................................... 13

27 6.3.1 High temperature endurance.......................................................................... 13

28 6.3.2 Temperature cycling ...................................................................................... 13

29 6.4 Electrical tests ...................................................................................................... 14

30 6.4.1 External short-circuit ...................................................................................... 14

31 6.4.2 Overcharge .................................................................................................... 14

32 6.4.3 Forced discharge ........................................................................................... 14

33 6.4.4 Internal short-circuit test ................................................................................ 15

34 Annex A (informative) Operating region of cells for safe use ................................................ 16

35 A.1 General ................................................................................................................. 16

36 A.2 Charging conditions for safe use ........................................................................... 16

37 A.2.1 General ......................................................................................................... 16

38 A.2.2 Consideration on charging voltage ................................................................. 16

39 A.2.3 Consideration on temperature ........................................................................ 17

40 A.3 Example of operating region ................................................................................. 18

41 Annex B (informative) Explanation for the internal short-circuit test ...................................... 20

42 B.1 General concept ................................................................................................... 20

43 B.2 Internal short-circuit caused by the particle contamination .................................... 20

44 Annex C (normative) Alternative internal short-circuit test (6.4.4.2.2) ................................... 22

45 C.1 General ................................................................................................................. 22

46 C.2 Test preparation and test set-up ........................................................................... 22

47 C.2.1 Preparation of cell before the test .................................................................. 22

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48 C.2.2 Test setup ..................................................................................................... 23

49 C.2.3 Preliminary test ............................................................................................. 24

50 C.3 Test procedure ...................................................................................................... 25

51 C.4 Acceptance criteria ............................................................................................... 26

52 Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 27

54 Figure 1 – Example of temperature measurement of cell ....................................................... 10

55 Figure 2 – Example of crush test ........................................................................................... 13

56 Figure A.1 – An example of operating region for charging of typical lithium-ion cells ............ 18

57 Figure A.2 – An example of operating region for discharging of typical lithium-ion cells ....... 19

58 Figure C.1 – Method of removing hard case .......................................................................... 22

59 Figure C.2 – Example of case thinning .................................................................................. 22

60 Figure C.3 – Example of hard case removal method during cell manufacturing ..................... 23

61 Figure C.4 – Example 1 of fixation of cell .............................................................................. 23

62 Figure C.5 – Example 2 of fixation of cell .............................................................................. 24

63 Figure C.6 – Example of abrupt voltage drop ........................................................................ 25

65 Table B.1 – Examples of the internal short-circuit of cell ....................................................... 21

66 Table C.1 – Test setup image for voltage measurement ........................................................ 24

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69 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
70 ____________
72 SECONDARY LITHIUM-ION CELLS FOR THE PROPULSION
73 OF ELECTRIC ROAD VEHICLES –
75 Part 3: Safety requirements
77 FOREWORD

78 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising

79 all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote

80 international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To

81 this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,

82 Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC

83 Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested

84 in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-

85 governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely

86 with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by

87 agreement between the two organizations.

88 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international

89 consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all

90 interested IEC National Committees.

91 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National

92 Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC

93 Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any

94 misinterpretation by any end user.

95 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications

96 transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence

97 between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in

98 the latter.

99 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity

100 assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any

101 services carried out by independent certification bodies.

102 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.

103 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and

104 members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or

105 other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and

106 expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC

107 Publications.

108 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is

109 indispensable for the correct application of this publication.

110 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of

111 patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

112 International Standard IEC 62660-3 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 21:

113 Secondary cells and batteries.

114 This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2016. This edition

115 constitutes a technical revision.

116 This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous

117 edition:

118 a) The new method for the internal short-circuit test has been added in 6.4.4.2.2 and Annex

119 C, as an alternative option to the test in 6.4.4.2.1.
120 b) The vibration test has been deleted.
121 c) The test conditions of overcharge (6.4.2.2) have been partially revised.
122 The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
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FDIS Report on voting
21/XX/FDIS 21/XX/RVD
123

124 Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on

125 voting indicated in the above table.

126 This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

127 A list of all parts in the IEC 62660 series, published under the general title Secondary lithium-

128 ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles, can be found on the IEC website.

129 The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until

130 the stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data

131 related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
132 • reconfirmed,
133 • withdrawn,
134 • replaced by a revised edition, or
135 • amended.
136 A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
137
138

139 The National Committees are requested to note that for this publication the stability date

140 is 20XX.

141 THIS TEXT IS INCLUDED FOR THE INFORMATION OF THE NATIONAL COMMITTEES AND WILL BE

142 DELETED AT THE PUBLICATION STAGE.

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it

contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents.

Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
143
144
145
146
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147
148
149 SECONDARY LITHIUM-ION CELLS FOR THE PROPULSION
150 OF ELECTRIC ROAD VEHICLES –
151
152 Part 3: Safety requirements
153
154
155
156 1 Scope

157 This part of IEC 62660 specifies test procedures and acceptance criteria for safety

158 performance of secondary lithium-ion cells and cell blocks used for propulsion of electric

159 vehicles (EV) including battery electric vehicles (BEV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV).

160 This document intends to determine the basic safety performance of cells used in a battery

161 pack and system under intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse or incident, during

162 the normal operation of the EV. The safety requirements of the cell in this document are

163 based on the premise that the cells are properly used in a battery pack and system within the

164 limits for voltage, current and temperature as specified by the cell manufacturer (cell

165 operating region).

166 The evaluation of the safety of cells during transport and storage is not covered by this

167 document.

168 NOTE 1 The safety performance requirements for lithium-ion battery packs and systems are defined in ISO 6469-

169 1. The specifications and safety requirements for lithium-ion battery packs and systems of electrically propelled

170 mopeds and motorcycles are defined in ISO 18243. IEC 62619 covers the safety requirements for the lithium-ion

171 cells and batteries for industrial application including, e.g. forklift truck, golf cart, and automated guided vehicle.

172 NOTE 2 Information on the cell operating region is provided in Annex A.
173 2 Normative references

174 The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their

175 content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition

176 cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including

177 any amendments) applies.

178 IEC 61434, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes –

179 Guide to the designation of current in alkaline secondary cell and battery standards

180 IEC 62619:20--, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid

181 electrolytes – Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in

182 industrial applications

183 IEC 62660-2:2018, Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles –

184 Part 2: Reliability and abuse testing
185 ISO/TR 8713, Electrically propelled road vehicles – Vocabulary
———————
Under development
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186 3 Terms and definitions

187 For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TR 8713 and the

188 following apply.

189 ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following

190 addresses:
191  IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
192  ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
193 3.1
194 battery electric vehicle
195 BEV

196 electric vehicle with only a traction battery as power source for vehicle propulsion

197 3.2
198 cell block

199 a group of cells connected together in parallel configuration with or without protective devices,

200 e.g. fuse or positive temperature coefficient resistor (PTC), not yet fitted with its final housing,

201 terminal arrangement and electronic control device
202 3.3
203 cylindrical cell

204 cell with a cylindrical shape in which the overall height is equal to or greater than the diameter

205 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-02-39]
206 3.4
207 explosion

208 failure that occurs when a cell container, open violently and major components are forcibly

209 expelled
210 3.5
211 fire
212 emission of flames from a cell or cell block for more than 1 s
213 Note 1 to entry: Sparks and arcing are not considered as flames.
214 3.6
215 hybrid electric vehicle
216 HEV

217 vehicle with both a rechargeable energy storage system and a fuelled power source for

218 propulsion
219 3.7
220 internal short-circuit

221 unintentional electrical connection between the negative and positive electrodes inside a cell

222 3.8
223 leakage

224 visible escape of liquid electrolyte from a part except vent, such as case, sealing part and/or

225 terminals of the cell
226 3.9
227 nominal voltage

228 suitable approximate value of the voltage used to designate or identify a cell

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229 [SOURCE: IEC 60052-482:2004, 482-03-31, modified – Deletion of "a battery or an

230 electrochemical system" at the end of the definition. ]
231 3.10
232 pouch cell

233 cell having the shape of a parallelepiped whose faces are rectangular and with a prismatic

234 flexible laminate film case housing
235 3.11
236 prismatic cell

237 cell having the shape of a parallelepiped whose faces are rectangular and with a prismatic

238 hard case housing

239 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-02-38, modified − "qualifies a cell or a battery" has been

240 replaced with "cell", and "and with a prismatic hard case housing" has been added.]

241 3.12
242 rated capacity
243 C

244 capacity value of a cell in ampere hours (Ah) determined under specified conditions and

245 declared by the cell manufacturer

246 Note 1 to entry: n in Cn is the time base in hours (h). In this document, n = 3 for BEV application and n = 1 for HEV

247 application unless otherwise specified.
248 3.13
249 reference test current
250 It
251 reference test current in amperes (A) which is expressed as
252 I = C / 1
t n
253 Note 1 to entry: 1 has a dimension of time in hours (h).
254 Note 2 to entry: See IEC 61434:1996 [4], Clause 2.
255 3.14
256 rupture

257 mechanical failure of a container case of cell induced by an internal or external cause,

258 resulting in exposure or spillage but not ejection of materials
259 3.15
260 secondary lithium-ion cell
261 cell

262 secondary single cell whose electrical energy is derived from the insertion/extraction reactions

263 of lithium-ions between the negative electrode and the positive electrode

264 Note 1 to entry: The secondary cell is a manufactured unit providing a source of electrical energy by direct

265 conversion of chemical energy. The cell consists of electrodes, electrolyte, container, terminals, and if any,

266 separators. The electrode can be monopolar or bipolar. Current collector of the former has active material of single

267 polarity and the latter has positive and negative electrode active materials. The electrolyte includes an ionic

268 conductive liquid or solid, or a mixture of them. The cell is designed to be charged electrically.

269 3.16
270 state of charge
271 SOC
272 capacity in a cell expressed as a percentage of rated capacity
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273 3.17
274 venting

275 release of excessive internal pressure from a cell in a manner intended by design to preclude

276 rupture or explosion
277 4 Test conditions
278 4.1 General

279 Unless otherwise stated in this document, cells shall be tested at room temperature. The room

280 temperature is 25 °C ± 2 K in this document.

281 The details of the instrumentation used shall be provided in any report of results.

282 Cell blocks can be tested as an alternative of cells according to the agreement between the

283 cell manufacturer and the customer.

284 Concerning the cell for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), the cell manufacturer can select

285 either the test condition of BEV application or HEV application.

286 NOTE Test and measurement can be conducted in a fixture as recommended by the cell manufacturer.

287 4.2 Measuring instruments
288 4.2.1 Range of measuring devices

289 The instruments used shall enable the values of voltage and current to be measured. The

290 range of these instruments and measuring methods shall be chosen so as to ensure the

291 accuracy specified for each test.

292 For analogue instruments, this implies that the readings shall be taken in the last third of the

293 graduated scale.

294 Any other measuring instruments may be used provided they give an equivalent accuracy.

295 4.2.2 Voltage measurement
296 The resistance of the voltmeters used shall be at least 1 MΩ/V.
297 4.2.3 Current measurement

298 The entire assembly of ammeter, shunt and leads shall be of an accuracy class of 0,5 or

299 better.
300 4.2.4 Temperature measurements

301 The cell temperature shall be measured by use of a surface temperature measuring device

302 capable of an equivalent scale definition and accuracy of calibration as specified in 4.2.1. The

303 temperature should be measured at a location which most closely reflects the cell or cell block

304 temperature. The temperature may be measured at additional appropriate locations, if

305 necessary.

306 The examples for temperature measurement are shown in Figure 1. The instructions for

307 temperature measurement specified by the cell manufacturer shall be followed.

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Prismatic or pouch cell
Cylindrical cell
Temperature measuring device
cell
cell cell
Thermal insulating material
308
309 Figure 1 – Example of temperature measurement of cell
310 4.2.5 Other measurements

311 Other values may be measured by use of a measuring device, provided that it complies with

312 4.3.
313 4.3 Tolerance

314 The overall accuracy of controlled or measured values, relative to the specified or actual

315 values, shall be within the following tolerances:
316 a) ±0,1 % for voltage;
317 b) ±1 % for current;
318 c) ±2 K for temperature;
319 d) ±0,1 % for time;
320 e) ±0,1 % for mass;
321 f) ±0,1 % for dimensions.

322 These tolerances comprise the combined accuracy of the measuring instruments, the

323 measurement technique used, and all other sources of error in the test procedure.

324 4.4 Thermal stabilization

325 For the stabilization of cell temperature, the cell shall be soaked to a specified ambient

326 temperature for a minimum of 12 h. This period may be reduced if thermal stabilization is

327 reached. Thermal stabilization is considered to be reached if after one interval of 1 h, the

328 change of cell temperature is lower than 1 K.
329 5 Electrical measurement
330 5.1 General charge conditions

331 Unless otherwise stated in this document, prior to electrical measurement test, the cell shall

332 be charged as follows.

333 Prior to charging, the cell shall be discharged at room temperature at a constant current of 1/3

334 I (A) for BEV application and 1 I (A) for HEV application down to an end-of-discharge voltage

t t
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335 specified by the cell manufacturer. Then, the cell shall be charged according to the charging

336 method declared by the cell manufacturer at room temperature.
337 5.2 Capacity

338 Before the SOC adjustment in 5.3, the capacity of the test cell shall be confirmed to be the

339 rated value in accordance with the following phases.
340 Phase 1 – The cell shall be charged in accordance with 5.1.

341 After charge, the cell temperature shall be stabilized in accordance with 4.4.

342 Phase 2 – The cell shall be discharged at room temperature at a constant current of 1/3 I (A)

343 for BEV application and 1 I (A) for HEV application to the end-of-discharge voltage that is

344 provided by the cell manufacturer.

345 Phase 3 – Measure the discharge duration until the specified end-of-discharge voltage is

346 reached, and calculate the capacity of cell expressed in Ah up to three significant figures.

347 5.3 SOC adjustment

348 The test cells shall be charged as specified below. The SOC adjustment is the procedure to

349 be followed for preparing cells to the various SOCs for the tests in this document.

350 Phase 1 – The cell shall be charged in accordance with 5.1.

351 Phase 2 – The cell shall be left at rest at room temperature in accordance with 4.4.

352 Phase 3 – The cell shall be discharged at a constant current of 1/3 I (A) for BEV application

353 and 1 I (A) for HEV application for (100 – n)/100 × 3 h for BEV application and

354 (100 – n)/100 × 1 h for HEV application, where n is SOC (%) to be adjusted for each test.

355 6 Safety tests
356 6.1 General

357 For all the tests specified in this clause, the test installation shall be reported including the

358 method used for fixing and wiring of the cell. If necessary, to prevent deformation, the cell

359 may be maintained
...

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