ISO/IEC PRF 24711

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/IEC DIS 24711
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 28 Secretariat: JISC
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2019-12-12 2020-03-05
Information Technology — Office Equipment — Method for
the determination of ink cartridge yield for colour inkjet
printers and multi-function devices that contain printer
components
ICS: 37.100.10
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/IEC DIS 24711:2019(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO/IEC 2019
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ISO/IEC DIS 24711:2019(E)
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© ISO/IEC 2019

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Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Test parameters and conditions ........................................................................................................................................................... 3

4.1 Set up ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

4.2 Sample size ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4

4.3 Print mode .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

4.4 Print environment ................................................................................................................................................................................ 5

4.5 Paper ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6

4.6 Maintenance .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 6

4.7 Test files ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6

5 Test methodology ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6

5.1 Testing procedure ................................................................................................................................................................................. 6

5.1.1 Flow chart .............................................................................................................................................................................. 6

5.1.2 Preparation ........................................................................................................................................................................... 6

5.1.3 Installation of test cartridges ................................................................................................................................ 7

5.1.4 Testing ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

5.1.5 End of cartridge life procedure ........................................................................................................................... 7

5.2 Procedure for handling streaks ................................................................................................................................................ 7

5.2.1 Over view................................................................................................................................................................................ 7

5.2.2 Nozzle cleaning ................................................................................................................................................................. 8

5.3 Procedure for handling a defective cartridge, printhead or printer failure ....................................... 8

5.3.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

5.3.2 Defective cartridge ......................................................................................................................................................... 9

5.3.3 Defective printhead ....................................................................................................................................................... 9

5.3.4 Defective printer .............................................................................................................................................................. 9

6 Determination of the declared yield value and declaration ................................................................................... 9

6.1 Yield of primary cartridges .......................................................................................................................................................... 9

6.2 Yield of supplemental cartridges .........................................................................................................................................10

6.3 Test data reporting ...........................................................................................................................................................................12

6.4 Declaration of the yield .................................................................................................................................................................12

Annex A (informative) Examples of fade .......................................................................................................................................................17

Annex B (informative) Examples of streaks ...............................................................................................................................................18

Annex C (normative) Test reporting form ....................................................................................................................................................19

Annex D (informative) Process flowchart.....................................................................................................................................................23

Annex E (normative) Method for comparison of inkjet performance to ISO/IEC 19752 ............................25

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................27

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This document was prepared by ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, SC 28, Office equipment.

This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO/IEC 24711:2015), of which it constitutes

— The title of Annex E from informative to normative to have consistency with ISO/IEC 19798.

The purpose of this document is to provide a process for determining the ink cartridge yield for a

given colour inkjet print system (i.e. integrated ink cartridges and ink cartridges without integrated

printheads) using a standard consumer type test page suite. In the case where a cartridge set can be

used in multiple printer models, only one yield test needs to be performed as long as the difference

NOTE A cartridge supplier may choose to use more than one market identifier for a single physical cartridge.

In this case, only one yield test is required as long as there are no differences in the cartridges other than market

— the test method that manufacturers, test laboratories, etc. use to determine ink cartridge yield;

— the appropriate method of describing the yield of cartridges in documentation supplied to the

The cartridge yield is determined by an end-of-life judgement, or signalled with either of two

phenomena: fade, caused by depletion of ink in the cartridge, or automatic printing stop, caused by an

ink out detection function. It is envisioned that one of the uses of this document is for the calculation

of cost per page (CPP). While this document measures a portion of this cost, it is not used as the sole

component of CPP calculation. Additional factors are considered for CPP calculations.

The scope of this document is limited to evaluation of ink cartridge page yield for ink-containing

cartridges (i.e. integrated ink cartridges and ink cartridges without integrated printheads) for colour

inkjet print systems. This document can also be applied to the printer component of any multifunctional

device that has a digital input printing path, including multi-function devices that contain inkjet printer

components. Both liquid and solid ink products can be tested using this document.

This document is only intended for the measurement of ink cartridge page yield when printing on plain

paper. No other claims can be made from this testing regarding quality, reliability, etc.

This document can be used to measure the yield of any cartridge that is used in a significant amount

This document is not for use with printers whose minimum printable size is equal to or greater than A3

or for printers designed or configured to print photos (for example, maximum printable size less than

A4 or a printer configuration intended for photo-only printing). In addition, it only applies to drop-on-

“NOTE Integrated ink cartridges is a cartridge that includes at least: an ink containment part, an ink

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are

indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated

references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO/IEC 24712, Colour test pages for measurement of office equipment consumable yield

ISO/IEC 29102, Information technology — Office equipment — Method for the determination of ink

cartridge photo yield for colour printing with inkjet printers and multi-function devices that contain inkjet

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

phenomenon in which a significant reduction in uniformity occurs due to ink depletion

Note 1 to entry: In this test, fade is defined by a significant increase in lightness, L*, or a decrease in density on

the bands surrounding the edge of the last page in the test page suite (Diagnostic Page). This decrease in density

does not have to occur completely across the page. This comparison is made using the second diagnostic test

page generated during testing (the 10th page printed). For examples of fade, please consult Annex A.

Note 2 to entry: In some printer systems, fade can occur prematurely due to the way that ink is provided to

the printing system. If a printer exhibits fade, a five-minute pause is allowed to provide for recovery of the ink

delivery system and printing may continue. If fade appears on the next suite, then the cartridge is judged at end

of life and the additional diagnostic page printed is not counted in the yield calculation. If fade does not appear

on the next diagnostic page, then printing can continue until the next fade or ink out is encountered and the

very thin lines of colour, other than intended in the bands surrounding the edge of the last page in the

Note 1 to entry: Streaks differ from fade in the width and severity of increase in lightness, L*, or reduction in

density. Streaks can appear for a number of reasons, thermal issues and clogged nozzles being two of the main

causes. If these streaks occur in three consecutive diagnostic pages, then a streak removal operation is required.

Note 1 to entry: If streaks are observed on three consecutive diagnostic pages, first the printer can be left idle

for five minutes. Then an additional three test page suites are printed. If the streaks are still observed, then a

streak removal operation is conducted according to the latest printer manufacturer documentation. Due to the

significant amount of ink that is used for cleaning, the maximum permissible number of times that the streak

Note 2 to entry: All test page suites printed during this process are included in the page count for determining

Note 1 to entry: If it is mandatory according to the latest printer manufacturer documentation, this operation is

performed during testing. The pages used in the alignment procedure are not counted in the measurement of yield.

warning generated by the printing system when it has determined that the amount of ink is such that a

signal generated by the printing system when the useable ink in the system is depleted and the printer

Note 1 to entry: For cartridges with more than one colour of ink in a single cartridge, end of life is defined when

the first colour within the cartridge exhibits fade or ink out. In the event that the printer can continue printing

series of five pages defined in ISO/IEC 24712 that are printed consecutively as a single job, ending with

value determined by counting the number of diagnostic pages (last page of the ISO/IEC 24712 test page

suite) printed between cartridge installation and end of life (3.7) and multiplying by five

Note 1 to entry: If the printer stops due to ink out in the middle of a test page suite, the number of the diagnostic

pages printed is counted. Then, the first diagnostic page of the remaining print job is included in the subsequent

Note 2 to entry: The number of test page suites counted can contain some pages that show visible fade. To simplify

the testing, determination of end of life is only made on the diagnostic page (last page of the ISO/IEC 24712 test

at or below the lower 90 % confidence bound of the mean as prescribed in 6.1 and 6.2

cartridge containing full density black, cyan, magenta or yellow ink or a combination of full density

Note 1 to entry: These colours represent the primary inks used in a traditional four-colour printing process.

primary cartridge to be utilized for estimating yield of supplemental cartridges (3.13)

Note 1 to entry: The determination of yield for a supplemental cartridge is made according to 6.2.

Place the printer on a horizontal surface and set up the printer according to the installation guide

provided in the printer user’s manual. Use the most recent printer driver available from the

manufacturer's website or the supplied driver with the printer. The driver version shall be specified

on the test report. Cartridge installation shall be completed following the instructions in the cartridge

installation guide. If there is a contradiction between the printer and cartridge manuals for the

cartridge installation, the cartridge manual shall take precedence except if changes are recommended

At the start of the test, all printers shall be set up using a set of priming cartridges to ensure that the

ink used in testing is primarily for printing, not for initial priming/cleaning. After the printer is set up

according to the manufacturers’ instructions, the priming cartridges shall be used to print a minimum

of 25 pages, five cycles of the standard test page suite. The priming cartridges shall be removed and

replaced with new cartridges that is used for testing yield. The pages printed during this step are not

counted towards yield. Even if required by the printer, printhead alignment does not have to be performed

on the priming cartridges. The number of pages used in the priming operation shall be included in the

test report. The replacement of the priming cartridges with the first test cartridges may be done all at

once or staggered individually. If done all at once, all test cartridges begin with test page suite number 1

and continue until end of life. If the staggered start method is used, the test page suite number shall be

tracked separately for each cartridge. The test start method shall included in the test report.

All image and print quality modifiers shall be at their factory preset configuration for the printer and

default-installed condition for the driver. If auto media detection is available on the printer, it shall be

disabled and media-type set to plain paper. This is to avoid inaccurate sensing of the media. If the printer

and driver settings differ, then the driver defaults shall be used. Any user selectable ink conservation

For printers that default to duplex printing, the default shall be overridden and the printer shall be set

To ensure that the test page suite is printed correctly, any page size modifiers such as Fit to Page and

font substitution shall be turned off. The files shall be printed using the fonts embedded in the file and

shall be printed on the page in a size corresponding to the dimensions in the test page suite standard

(ISO/IEC 24712). Page placement modifiers such as page centering can be used to place the image

To facilitate automated testing, the test page suite may be pre-generated using the printer driver. This

is often accomplished using a print to file command. This method is only valid if it does not affect the

measured yield. If a pre-generated file is used, it shall be noted on the test report.

If the printer under test uses an internal PDF interpreter, it is ok to use it as long as the printer defaults

are set to not substitute fonts. If the internal interpreter is used, this shall be noted on the report.

NOTE The application software (for example, Adobe Acrobat Reader ), printer driver and printer can have

page size modifier functions, such as Fit to Page. Make sure that all of these functions are disabled.

Inkjet cartridges are designed in two common styles, single colour and multi-colour. The sample size

shall be determined such that for each calculated yield value, a minimum of three physical cartridges

are tested in each of three printers. In the case of a typical four-colour printer with four single primary

colour cartridges this would result in 36 cartridges being tested, nine black (K), nine cyan (C), nine

magenta (M) and nine yellow (Y). For a typical multicolour cartridge system where one cartridge

contains C, M and Y, and another cartridge contains K, the testing would use 18 total cartridges, nine

In some printer configurations, supplemental cartridges may be installed. Please see the procedure

When testing additional engines and cartridges above the minimum, an effort shall be made to test an

equal number of cartridges on each engine. For example, if an additional engine were to be tested then

the minimum number of cartridges to be tested would be 48 (3 cartridges × 4 colours × 4 printers) for

When testing cartridges for a commercially available product, it is recommended that cartridges and

printers be procured from various sources or sampled from different production lots. The printers and

NOTE It is recommended that additional engines and/or cartridges be used in testing.

1) Adobe Acrobat Reader© is a product of Adobe Systems Incorporated. The mention of this product in this

document is for example purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the ISO.

For reporting cartridge yield, the test shall be run in semi-continuous simplex printing and set in the

driver default print mode at or near rated print speed. Each copy of the test page suite shall be printed

as a separate five-page print job. This allows for some intra-job servicing and calibration to take place.

Additional pauses can take place due to paper refills and idle time due to end of workdays.

NOTE 1 This does not mean that the printer is required to stop between printed jobs.

Colour inkjet printers commonly need to service the printing system after a number of prints, or when

the device has been powered down or not used for a given amount of time. This servicing uses ink that

could have been used to print additional pages. It is realized that customers do not normally print in a

continuous fashion, but these changes are made to decrease testing time and increase the repeatability

NOTE 2 Depending on use conditions, the yield experienced by a given user can vary significantly from the

The temperature can have a profound effect on test results. For this reason, the test shall be carried out

Readings to be made with a running average of 1 hr with readings recorded at least every 15 min, all

EXAMPLE An example of the calculation of the temperature is shown in Table 1 for temperature readings

From these formulae, the testing room average would be 23,0 °C, the maximum running average reading 24,0 °C

and the minimum running average reading 22,1 °C. These values can be found highlighted in the table of temperature

measurements. It shall be noted that the testing room average for temperature are averages of all measurements, not the

Environmental conditions shall be included in the test report. The maximum and minimum running