ISO/IEC/IEEE DIS 14764

Software engineering -- Software life cycle processes -- Maintenance

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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/IEC/IEEE/DIS 14764
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 Secretariat: BIS
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2021-01-21 2021-04-15
Software engineering — Software life cycle processes —
Maintenance
ICS: 35.080
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ISO/IEC/IEEE/DIS 14764:2021(E)
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ISO/IEC/IEEE/DIS 14764:2021(E)
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ISO/IEC/IEEE/DIS 14764:2021(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................vi

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Purpose .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.3 Field of application .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1

1.4 Limitations .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2

1.5 Conformance ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 2

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms ................................................................................................................................ 2

3.1 Terms and definitions ....................................................................................................................................................................... 2

3.2 Abbreviated terms ............................................................................................................................................................................... 5

4 Application of this document .................................................................................................................................................................. 5

4.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

4.2 Maintenance process ......................................................................................................................................................................... 5

4.3 Organization of this document .................................................................................................................................................. 6

5 Maintenance and disposal processes .............................................................................................................................................. 6

5.1 Maintenance process ......................................................................................................................................................................... 6

5.1.1 Measures for maintenance ...................................................................................................................................... 9

5.1.2 Maintenance strategy .................................................................................................................................................. 9

5.1.3 Maintenance planning tasks ...............................................................................................................................10

5.1.4 Maintenance plans and procedures .............................................................................................................10

5.1.5 Review stakeholder requirements ................................................................................................................11

5.1.6 Analyse the impact of maintenance changes ........................................................................................12

5.1.7 Monitor the quality and availability of replacement elements .............................................13

5.1.8 Manage results of maintenance and logistics ......................................................................................14

5.1.9 Problem and modification analysis task...................................................................................................14

5.1.10 MR/PR feasibility review .......................................................................................................................................15

5.1.11 MR/PR replication or verification .................................................................................................................15

5.1.12 MR/PR implementation ..........................................................................................................................................16

5.1.13 MR/PR reviewing and recording ....................................................................................................................16

5.1.14 MR/PR approval ............................................................................................................................................................16

5.1.15 MR/PR additional analysis documentation ...........................................................................................17

5.1.16 MR/PR implementation using Technical processes .......................................................................17

5.1.17 MR/PR review of modifed system .................................................................................................................17

5.1.18 MR/PR approval and implementation .......................................................................................................18

5.2 Software disposal ...............................................................................................................................................................................18

5.3 Disposal strategy ................................................................................................................................................................................18

5.3.1 Strategy items ..................................................................................................................................................................19

5.3.2 Retirement steps ...........................................................................................................................................................19

5.3.3 Retirement notification ...........................................................................................................................................19

5.3.4 Retirement notification steps ............................................................................................................................19

5.3.5 Disposal steps ..................................................................................................................................................................20

5.3.6 Archiving records .........................................................................................................................................................20

6 Execution considerations .........................................................................................................................................................................20

6.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................................................................20

6.2 Types of maintenance ....................................................................................................................................................................21

6.3 Agreements for maintenance ..................................................................................................................................................21

6.4 Tools for maintenance ...................................................................................................................................................................22

6.5 Software maintenance measurement ..............................................................................................................................22

6.6 Documentation of process .........................................................................................................................................................22

6.7 Early involvement in development .....................................................................................................................................23

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ISO/IEC/IEEE/DIS 14764:2021(E)

6.7.1 Maintainer functions performed.....................................................................................................................23

6.7.2 Maintenance involvement .....................................................................................................................................23

6.8 Applying life cycle processes to strengthen maintainability ........................................................................23

6.8.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................23

6.8.2 Maintainability and the technical processes.........................................................................................23

6.8.3 Maintainability and specific activities in the technical processes......................................25

6.9 Documentation and records .....................................................................................................................................................29

7 Software maintenance strategy .........................................................................................................................................................29

7.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................................................................29

7.2 The maintenance concept...........................................................................................................................................................30

7.2.1 Scope .......................................................................................................................................................................................30

7.2.2 Defining the process ..................................................................................................................................................30

7.2.3 Designation of who will provide maintenance ...................................................................................30

7.2.4 Estimate of maintenance costs .........................................................................................................................31

7.3 Maintenance planning ...................................................................................................................................................................31

7.3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................31

7.3.2 The maintenance strategy ....................................................................................................................................32

7.3.3 Maintenance strategy topics ...............................................................................................................................32

7.4 Resource analysis ...............................................................................................................................................................................36

7.4.1 Personnel resources .................. ......................................................................................................................... ........36

7.4.2 Environment resources ...........................................................................................................................................36

7.4.3 Financial resources .....................................................................................................................................................36

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................37

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ISO/IEC/IEEE/DIS 14764:2021(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing documents is normally carried out through ISO

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closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical

standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating

Committees of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. The IEEE develops its

standards through a consensus development process, approved by the American National Standards

Institute, which brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve the

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While the IEEE administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the consensus

development process, the IEEE does not independently evaluate, test, or verify the accuracy of any of

the information contained in its standards.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).

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For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso

.org/ iso/ foreword .html. ISO/IEC IEEE 14764 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1,

Subcommittee SC 7.

This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,

Subcommittee SC 7, Systems and software engineering, in cooperation with the Systems and Software

Engineering Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society, under the Partner Standards

Development Organization cooperation agreement between ISO and IEEE.

The first edition of ISO/IEC 14764 was prepared by ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7. The second edition was the

result of merging the original edition with IEEE 1219. ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 and the IEEE Computer

Society cooperated in this project to merge the two standards. This third edition cancels and replaces

the second edition (ISO/IEC 14764:2006), which has been technically revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:

— alignment of the standard with the 2017 version of ISO/IEC IEEE 12207 and updates to other ISO/

IEC JTC1/SC7 standards
— introduction of modern approaches to “maintenance”

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
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ISO/IEC/IEEE/DIS 14764:2021(E)
Introduction

This document provides guidance on the Software Maintenence Process. Maintenance is a Technical

process in the life cycle of a software product, as described in ISO/IEC IEEE 12207, “Systems and

software engineering – Software life cycle processes.” The Maintenance Process contains the activities

and tasks of the maintainer. This document is the result of the harmonization of ISO/IEC 14764 and

IEEE Std 1219, and the update for the 2017 version of ISO/IEC IEEE 12207.

Because maintenance consumes a major share of a software life cycle financial resources, it should be

an important project consideration.

During operation of the software, problems may be detected that were not detected during verification,

validation and acceptance. Therefore, a maintenance effort is needed to cope with these problems.

This maintenance effort also covers software improvements needed to meet new or modified user

requirements. Software maintenance is commonly needed when upgrading system components, such as

operating systems and databases, as well as when changes are made to external software and systems’

interfaces. Software maintenance is typically a significant portion of life cycle costs, even when a part

of the system under maintenance includes COTS software.

Software maintainers use a number of specific tools, methods, and techniques. This document does

not specify how to implement or perform the activities and tasks in the Software Maintenance Process

since these are dependent upon the formal agreement and organizational requirements. Maintenance is

required on all types of software, whatever the technology, technique, or tool used to create it.

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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC/IEEE/DIS 14764:2021(E)
Software engineering — Software life cycle processes —
Maintenance
1 Scope
1.1 Overview

This document describes in greater detail the Maintenance Process described in ISO/IEC IEEE 12207.

This document also establishes definitions for the various types of maintenance. This document

provides guidance that applies to planning, execution and control, review and evaluation, and closure

of the Maintenance Process. The scope of this document includes maintenance for multiple software

products with the same maintenance resources. “Maintenance” in this document means software

maintenance unless otherwise stated.

This document provides the framework within which generic and specific software maintenance

strategies may be tailored, performed, and evaluated to the maintenance scope and magnitude of given

software products.

This document provides the framework, precise terminology, and processes to allow the consistent

application of technology (tools, techniques, and methods) to software maintenance.

This document provides guidance for the maintenance of software. The basis for the Maintenance

Process and its activities comes from the Maintenance process 6.4.13 of ISO/IEC IEEE 12207. It defines

the activities and tasks of software maintenance, and provides maintenance planning requirements. It

does not address the operation of software and the operational functions, e.g. backup, recovery, system

administration, which are normally performed by those who operate the software. However, it does

include the related Disposal process 6.4.14 of ISO/IEC IEEE 12207.

This document is written primarily for managers and maintainers of software and additionally for

those responsible for development and quality assurance. It may also be used by acquirers and users of

systems containing software who may provide inputs to the maintenance strategy.

While the scope of this document is software maintenance, hardware and hardware costs are important

considerations for maintenance.
1.2 Purpose

This document provides guidance on the the Maintenance Process. It identifies how the Maintenance

Process can be invoked during acquisition and operation. This document also emphasizes the following

in the Maintenance Process: the maintainability of software products; the need for maintenance service

models; and the need for a maintenance strategy.
1.3 Field of application

This document is intended to provide guidance for the planning for and maintenance of software

products or services, whether performed internally or externally to an organization. It is not intended

to apply to the operation of the software.

This document is intended to provide guidance for two-party situations and may be equally applied

where the two parties are from the same organization. This document is intended to also be used by a

single party as self-imposed tasks (ISO/IEC IEEE 12207).

This document is not intended for software products that are “throw-away” or a “short-term” solution.

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ISO/IEC/IEEE/DIS 14764:2021(E)

It is intended for self-imposition by developers of off-the-shelf software products to maintain such

products. Maintenance is applied to computer programs, code, data, documents, and records. It is

intended to apply to software products created during the development of the software product. This

may include such things as the test software, test databases, the Software Test Environment (STE), or

the Software Engineering Environment (SEE).

This document is intended for use in all maintenance efforts, regardless of the life cycle model (e.g.

incremental, waterfall, evolutionary, spiral, agile, continuous iterative development). This document is

not restricted by size, complexity, criticality, reliability, or application of the software product.

1.4 Limitations

This document describes the framework of the Software Maintenance Process but does not specify the

details of how to implement or perform the activities and tasks included in the process.

In this document, there are a number of lists. None of these is presumed to be exhaustive. They are

intended as examples.
1.5 Conformance

This document provides guidance for the execution of the Maintenance Process of ISO/IEC IEEE 12207.

The guidance in this document is completely consistent with ISO/IEC IEEE 12207. Conformance cannot

be claimed to this standard but can be claimed to the ISO/IEC IEEE 12207 Maintenance Process and

related tailoring. In this document, ISO/IEC IEEE 12207 refers to ISO/IEC IEEE 12207:2017. The only

mandatory clauses in this document come from ISO/IEC IEEE 12207. The mandatory clauses contain

shalls and each shall from ISO/IEC IEEE 12207 that is duplicated in this document is boxed. The related

ISO/IEC IEEE 12207 clause number is listed after the boxed ISO/IEC IEEE 12207 shalls.

2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions in ISO/IEC IEEE 12207 and the following

terms and definitions apply.

ISO, IEC and IEEE maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following

addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— IEEE Standards Dictionary Online: available at http:// dictionary .ieee .org
3.1.1
adaptive maintenance

modification of a software product, performed after delivery, to keep a software product usable in a

changed or changing environment

Note 1 to entry: to Entry Adaptive maintenance provides enhancements necessary to accommodate changes

in the environment in which a software product operates. These changes help keep pace with the changing

environment, e.g. an upgrade to the operating system results in changes in the applications.

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ISO/IEC/IEEE/DIS 14764:2021(E)
3.1.2
additive maintenance

modification of a software product performed after delivery to add functionality or features to enhance

the usage of the product
3.1.3
corrective maintenance

modification of a software product performed after delivery to correct discovered problems

Note 1 to entry: to Entry: The modification repairs the software product to satisfy defined system requirements.

3.1.4
emergency maintenance

unscheduled modification performed to temporarily keep a system operational pending corrective

maintenance
3.1.5
maintainability

degree of effectiveness and efficiency with which a product or system can be modified by the intended

maintainers

Note 1 to entry: Modifications can include corrections, improvements or adaptation of the software to changes

in environment, and in requirements and functional specifications. Modifications include those carried out by

specialized support staff, and those carried out by business or operational staff, or end users.

Note 2 to entry: Maintainability includes installation of updates and upgrades.

Note 3 to entry: Maintainability can be interpreted as either an inherent capability of the product or system to

facilitate maintenance activities, or the quality in use experienced by the maintainers for the goal of maintaining

the product or system.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 25010:2011, 4.2.7]
3.1.6
enhancement
software change that is a new requirement

Note 1 to entry: There are three types of software enhancements, adaptive, perfective and additive. An

enhancement is not a software correction.
3.1.7
Modification Request (MR)

information item that identifies and describes proposed changes(s) to a product or service

Note 1 to entry: The MR may later be classified as a correction or enhancement and identified as corrective,

preventive, adaptive, additive or perfective maintenance. MRs are also referred to as change requests.

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