ISO/IEC FDIS 18013-5

Personal identification -- ISO-compliant driving licence

Identification des personnes -- Permis de conduire conforme à l'ISO

General Information

• Status: Published
• ICS: 35.240.15 - Identification cards. Chip cards. Biometrics
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 17 - Cards and security devices for personal identification
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 17/WG 10 - Motor vehicle driver licence and related documents
• Current Stage: 5020 - FDIS ballot initiated: 2 months. Proof sent to secretariat
• Start Date: 23-Jun-2021
• Completion Date: 23-Jun-2021

Standards Content (sample)

FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
DRAFT
STANDARD FDIS
18013-5
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 17
Personal identification — ISO-
Secretariat: BSI
compliant driving licence —
Voting begins on:
2021-06-23
Part 5:
Voting terminates on:
Mobile driving licence (mDL)
2021-08-18
application
Identification des personnes — Permis de conduire conforme à
l'ISO —
Partie 5: Application permis de conduire sur téléphone mobile
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/IEC FDIS 18013-5:2021(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO/IEC 2021
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ISO/IEC FDIS 18013-5:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/IEC 2021

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting

on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address

below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2021 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC FDIS 18013-5:2021(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................vi

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

4 Abbreviated terms .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

5 Conformance requirement ........................................................................................................................................................................ 6

6 mDL overview .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

6.1 Interfaces ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

6.2 Functional requirements ................................................................................................................................................................ 7

6.3 Technical requirements ................................................................................................................................................................... 8

6.3.1 Data model ............................................................................................................................................................................ 8

6.3.2 Data exchange..................................................................................................................................................................... 8

6.3.3 Security mechanisms ................................................................................................................................................13

7 mDL data model .................................................................................................................................................................................................15

7.1 mDL document type and namespace................................................................................................................................15

7.2 mDL data ...................................................................................................................................................................................................16

7.2.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................................................................16

7.2.2 Portrait of mDL holder ........................................................................................................................................... ..20

7.2.3 Issuing authority ...........................................................................................................................................................20

7.2.4 Categories of vehicles/restrictions/conditions .................................................................................20

7.2.5 Age attestation: nearest “true” attestation above request ........................................................21

7.2.6 Biometric template .....................................................................................................................................................22

7.2.7 Signature or usual mark .........................................................................................................................................22

7.2.8 Domestic data elements .........................................................................................................................................22

7.3 Country codes .......................................................................................................................................................................................23

8 Transaction .............................................................................................................................................................................................................23

8.1 Encoding of data structures and data elements ......................................................................................................23

8.2 Device engagement ..........................................................................................................................................................................24

8.2.1 Device engagement information .....................................................................................................................24

8.2.2 Device engagement transmission technology .....................................................................................26

8.2.3 Device engagement time-out .............................................................................................................................28

8.3 Data retrieval .........................................................................................................................................................................................28

8.3.1 Data model .........................................................................................................................................................................28

8.3.2 Data retrieval methods ............................................................................................................................................29

8.3.3 Data retrieval transmission technologies ................................................................................................35

9 Security mechanisms ....................................................................................................................................................................................46

9.1 Device retrieval ....................................................................................................................................................................................46

9.1.1 Session encryption ......................................................................................................................................................46

9.1.2 Issuer data authentication ....................................................................................................................................48

9.1.3 mdoc authentication ..................................................................................................................................................51

9.1.4 mdoc reader authentication................................................................................................................................54

9.1.5 Session transcript and cipher suite ..............................................................................................................55

9.2 Server retrieval ....................................................................................................................................................................................57

9.2.1 TLS.............................................................................................................................................................................................57

9.2.2 JWS ............................................................................................................................................................................................57

9.3 Validation and inspection procedures .............................................................................................................................58

9.3.1 Inspection procedure for issuer data authentication ...................................................................58

9.3.2 Inspection procedure for JWS............................................................................................................................58

9.3.3 Certificate validation procedure ......................................................................................................................59

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ISO/IEC FDIS 18013-5:2021(E)

Annex A (informative) BLE L2CAP transmission profile ...............................................................................................................60

Annex B (normative) Certificate and CRL profiles ..............................................................................................................................61

Annex C (informative) Verified issuer certificate authority list (VICAL) provider ............................................89

Annex D (informative) Data structure examples ..............................................................................................................................110

Annex E (informative) Privacy and security recommendations .......................................................................................134

Annex F (informative) IANA Considerations ..........................................................................................................................................147

Bibliography .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................151

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ISO/IEC FDIS 18013-5:2021(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical

Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are

members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical

committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical

activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the

work.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for

the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject

of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent

rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the

Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents) or the IEC

list of patent declarations received (see https:// patents .iec .ch).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/

iso/ foreword .html.

This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,

Subcommittee SC 17, Cards and security devices for personal identification.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 18013 series can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
© ISO/IEC 2021 – All rights reserved v
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ISO/IEC FDIS 18013-5:2021(E)
Introduction

The ISO/IEC 18013 series establishes guidelines for the design format and data content of an ISO-

compliant driving licence (IDL) with regard to human-readable features (ISO/IEC 18013-1), ISO

machine-readable technologies (ISO/IEC 18013-2), access control, authentication and integrity

validation (ISO/IEC 18013-3), and associated test methods (ISO/IEC 18013-4). It creates a common

basis for international use and mutual recognition of the IDL without impeding individual countries/

states in applying their privacy rules and national/community/regional motor vehicle authorities in

taking care of their specific needs.

This document describes interface and related requirements to facilitate ISO-compliant driving

licence (IDL) functionality on a mobile device. The requirements are specifically intended to enable

verifiers not affiliated with or associated with the issuing authority to gain access to and authenticate

the information. In addition, the requirements allow the holder of the driving licence to decide what

information to release to a verifier. Other characteristics include the ability to update information

frequently, and to authenticate information at a high level of confidence.

A mobile document conforming to this document primarily conveys the driving privileges associated

with a person. It does so by providing means to associate the person presenting the mobile document

with the mobile document itself. However, the transaction and security mechanisms in this document

have been designed to support other types of mobile documents, specifically including identification

documents Consequently the mechanisms in this document can be used for any type of mobile

identification document, regardless of the additional attributes the mobile document may convey. The

details of the data elements to be used by other mobile documents are left to the respective issuing

authority and are not within the scope of this document.

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical

Commission (IEC) draw attention to the fact that it is claimed that compliance with this document may

involve the use of a patent.

ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of this patent right.

The holder of this patent right has assured ISO and IEC that he/she is willing to negotiate licences under

reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions with applicants throughout the world. In this

respect, the statement of the holder of this patent right is registered with ISO and IEC. Information may

be obtained from the patent database available at www .iso .org/ patents.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject

of patent rights other than those in the patent database. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for

identifying any or all such patent rights.
vi © ISO/IEC 2021 – All rights reserved
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC FDIS 18013-5:2021(E)
Personal identification — ISO-compliant driving licence —
Part 5:
Mobile driving licence (mDL) application
1 Scope

This document establishes interface specifications for the implementation of a driving licence in

association with a mobile device. This document specifies the interface between the mDL and mDL

reader and the interface between the mDL reader and the issuing authority infrastructure. This

document also enables parties other than the issuing authority (e.g. other issuing authorities, or mDL

verifiers in other countries) to:
— use a machine to obtain the mDL data;
— tie the mDL to the mDL holder;
— authenticate the origin of the mDL data;
— verify the integrity of the mDL data.
The following items are out of scope for this document:
— how mDL holder consent to share data is obtained;
— requirements on storage of mDL data and mDL private keys.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

BSI TR-03111, Elliptic Curve Cryptography, Version 2.10, June 2018
FIPS 186-4:2013, Digital Signature Standard (DSS)

ISO 3166-1, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions — Part 1: Country

code

ISO 3166-2:2020, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions — Part 2:

Country subdivision code

ISO/IEC 5218, Information technology — Codes for the representation of human sexes

ISO/IEC 7816-4:2020, Identification cards — Integrated circuit cards — Part 4: Organization, security and

commands for interchange

ISO/IEC 8859-1, Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 1: Latin

alphabet No. 1

ISO/IEC 18004, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — QR

Code bar code symbology specification

ISO/IEC 18013-1:2018, Information technology — Personal identification — ISO-compliant driving

licence — Part 1: Physical characteristics and basic data set
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ISO/IEC FDIS 18013-5:2021(E)

ISO/IEC 18013-2:2020, Personal identification — ISO-compliant driving licence — Part 2: Machine-

readable technologies

ISO/IEC 19785-3:2020, Information technology — Common Biometric Exchange Formats Framework —

Part 3: Patron format specifications
NFC Forum, Connection Handover (CH) Technical Specification, Version 1.5

NIST SP 800-38D, M. Dworkin, Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: Galois/Counter Mode

(GCM) and GMAC, November 2007
OpenID Foundation OpenID Connect Core 1.0 incorporating errata set 1
OpenID Foundation OpenID Connect Discovery 1.0 incorporating errata set 1

RFC 4122, P. Leach et al., A Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID) URN Namespace, July 2005

RFC 4648, S Josefsson, The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data Encodings, October 2006

RFC 5246, T. Dierks et al., The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2, August 2008

RFC 5280, D. Cooper et al., Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation

List (CRL) Profile, May 2008

RFC 5639, M. Lochter et al., Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) Brainpool Standard Curves and Curve

Generation, March 2010

RFC 5869, H. Krawczyk, HMAC-based Extract-and-Expand Key Derivation Function (HKDF), May 2010

RFC 6066, D. Eastlake 3rd, Transport Layer Security (TLS) Extensions: Extension Definitions, January 2011

RFC 7049, C. Bormann et al., Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR), October 2013

RFC 7515, J. Bradley et al., JSON Web Signature (JWS), May 2015
RFC 7518, M. Jones et al., JSON Web Algorithms (JWA), May 2015
RFC 7519, J. Bradley et al., JSON Web Token (JWT), May 2015
RFC 7748, A. Langley et al., Elliptic Curves for Security, January 2016

RFC 7905, A. Langley et al., ChaCha20-Poly1305 Cipher Suites for Transport Layer Security (TLS), June 2016

RFC 8032, S. Josefsson et al., Edwards-Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA), January 2017

RFC 8152, J. Schaad, CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE), July 2017
RFC 8252, W. Denniss et al., Oauth 2.0 for Native Apps, October 2017

RFC 8259, T. Bray, The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data Interchange Format, December 2017

RFC 8410, S. Josefsson et al., Algorithm Identifiers for Ed25519, Ed448, X25519, and X448 for Use in the

Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure, August 2018

RFC 8422, Y. Nir et al., Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) Cipher Suites for Transport Layer Security (TLS)

Versions 1.2 and Earlier, August 2018

RFC 8943, M. Jones et al., Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) Tags for Date, November 2020

RFC, CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE): Headers for carrying and referencing X.509 certificates

Wi-Fi Alliance, Neighbor Awareness Networking Specification, Version 3.1
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ISO/IEC FDIS 18013-5:2021(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
mobile device
portable computing device that at least:

— has a small form factor such that it can easily be carried by a single individual;

— is designed to operate, transmit and receive information without a wired connection;

— possesses local, nonremovable or removable data storage;
— includes a self-contained power source;
— includes a display;

— includes a means for the holder of the portable computing device to interact with the device

Note 1 to entry: Adapted from NIST SP 800-157.
3.2
mdoc

document or application that resides on a mobile device (3.1) or requires a mobile device as part of the

process to gain access to the document or application
3.3
mdoc reader
device that can retrieve mdoc (3.2) data for verification purposes
3.4
mdoc holder
individual to whom an mdoc (3.2) is issued
3.5
mdoc verifier

person or organization using and/or controlling an mdoc reader (3.3) to verify an mdoc (3.2)

3.6
mDL

driving licence that fulfils at least the same function as an IDL but, instead of being paper or plastic

based, is an mdoc (3.2)

Note 1 to entry: ISO-compliant driving licence (IDL) is defined in ISO/IEC 18013-1.

3.7
mDL reader
mdoc reader (3.3) that can retrieve mDL (3.6) data
3.8
mDL holder

individual to whom an mDL (3.6) is issued, i.e. legitimate holder of the driving privileges reflected on an

mDL
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ISO/IEC FDIS 18013-5:2021(E)
3.9
mDL verifier

person or organization using and/or controlling an mDL reader (3.7) to verify an mDL (3.6)

3.10
licensing authority
authorized agent organisation that issues a driving licence

EXAMPLE National, federal, state, provincial, regional, territorial, or local Ministry of Transport, Department

of Motor Vehicles, or Police Agency.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 18013-1:2018, 3.15]
3.11
issuing country

country which issued the driving licence or within which the licensing authority (3.10) is located

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 18013-1:2018, 3.12, modified — The words “according to Annex F” have been

removed.]
3.12
issuing authority

licensing authority (3.10), or issuing country (3.11) if separate licensing authorities have not been

authorized
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 18013-1:2018, 3.11]
3.13
issuing authority infrastructure
infrastructure under control of the issuing authority (3.12)
3.14
issuing authority CA
certificate authority operated by or on behalf of an issuing authority (3.12)
3.15
device retrieval

method of data retrieval exclusively using the interface between the mdoc (3.2) and the mdoc reader

(3.3)
3.16
server retrieval

method of data retrieval using the interface between the mdoc reader (3.3) and the issuing authority

infrastructure (3.13)
3.17
server retrieval token

token identifying the mdoc holder (3.4) and the mdoc (3.2) to the issuing authority (3.12)

3.18
PCD mode
mode in which an NFC-enabled mobile device (3.1) operates as a PCD

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 14443-3:2018, 3.7, modified — The words “a PXD” have been replaced with “an NFC-

enabled mobile device”.]
3.19
PICC mode
mode in which an NFC-enabled mobile device (3.1) operates as a PICC

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 14443-3:2018, 3.8, modified — The words “a PXD” have been replaced with “an NFC-

enabled mobile device”.]
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ISO/IEC FDIS 18013-5:2021(E)
4 Abbreviated terms
AES advanced encryption standard
APDU application protocol data unit
BLE Bluetooth low energy
BT SIG Bluetooth special interest group
CA certificate authority
CBOR concise binary object representation
CDDL concise data definition language
COSE CBOR object signing and encryption
CSPRNG cryptographically secure pseudo-random number generator
CRL certificate revocation list
DER distinguished encoding rules
DS document signer
ECDH elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman key agreement
ECDSA elliptic curve digital signature algorithm
EdDSA Edwards-curve digital signature algorithm
GATT generic attribute profile
HKDF HMAC-based extract-and-expand key derivation function
HMAC hash-based MAC
IA issuing authority
IACA issuing authority certificate authority
IANA internet assigned number authority
IDL ISO-compliant driving licence
IKM input keying material
JSON JavaScript object notation
JWK JSON web key
JWS JSON web signature
JWT JSON web token
KDF key derivation function
MAC message authentication code
MITM man-in-the-middle attack
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ISO/IEC FDIS 18013-5:2021(E)
MSO mobile security object
MTU maximum transmission unit
NDEF NFC data exchange format
NFC near field communication
OCSP online certificate status protocol
OID object identifier
OIDC OpenID connect
PCD proximity coupling device
PICC proximity card or object
PKI public key infrastructure
RF radiofrequency
RFU reserved for future use
SHA secure hash algorithm
TLS transport layer security
URI uniform resource identifier
URL uniform resource locator
UTC coordinated universal time
UUID universally unique identifier
VICAL verified issuer certificate authority list
5 Conformance requirement

An mDL is in conformance with this document if it meets all the requirements specified directly or

by reference herein. Conformance with ISO/IEC 18013-1, ISO/IEC 18013-2, ISO/IEC 18013-3, and

ISO/IEC 18013-4 is not required for conformance with this document, except for those clauses

normatively referenced in this document.

An mDL reader is in conformance with this document if it meets all the requirements specified directly

or referenced herein.

An issuing authority infrastructure is in conformance with this document if it meets all the requirements

specified directly or referenced herein.
6 mDL overview
6.1 Interfaces

Figure 1 shows the interfaces in scope for this document. The explanation of each interface is as follows.

— Interface 1 in Figure 1 is the interface between the issuing authority infrastructure and the mDL.

This interface is out of scope for this document.
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ISO/IEC FDIS 18013-5:2021(E)

— Interface 2 in Figure 1 is the interface between the mDL and the mDL reader. This interface

is specified in this document. The interface can be used for connection setup and for the d

...