ISO/DIS 21498-2

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 21498-2
ISO/TC 22/SC 37 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2020-03-26 2020-06-18
Electrically propelled road vehicles — Electrical
specifications and tests for voltage class B systems and
components —
Part 2:
Electrical tests for components

Véhicules à propulsion electrique — Spécifications et essais electriques pour les systèmes et composants de

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28 Foreword .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4

29 Introduction..................................................................................................................................................................... 5

30 1 Scope .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1

31 2 Normative references .......................................................................................................................................... 1

32 3 Terms and definitions ......................................................................................................................................... 1

33 4 Abbreviated terms ................................................................................................................................................ 3

34 5 General assumptions for voltage class B components ............................................................................ 3

35 6 Tests and requirements ...................................................................................................................................... 5

36 6.1 Test parameters and general test requirements .............................................................................................. 5

37 6.2 DC supply voltage variation within operational range .................................................................................. 9

38 6.3 Generated voltage slope .......................................................................................................................................... 11

39 6.4 Immunity to voltage slope ...................................................................................................................................... 14

40 6.5 Generated voltage ripple ......................................................................................................................................... 16

41 6.6 Immunity to voltage ripple .................................................................................................................................... 20

42 6.7 Overvoltage ................................................................................................................................................................... 22

43 6.8 Undervoltage ................................................................................................................................................................ 24

44 6.9 Voltage offset ............................................................................................................................................................... 27

45 6.10 Generated load dump voltage ............................................................................................................................... 30

46 6.11 Immunity to load dump voltage ........................................................................................................................... 32

47 7 Documentation ................................................................................................................................................... 34

48 Annex A (informative) Example Values ............................................................................................................. 35

49 Annex B (informative) Testing at different temperatures .......................................................................... 36

50 Annex C (informative) Test overview ................................................................................................................ 37

51 Annex D (normative) Artificial network ............................................................................................................ 38

52 Annex E (Informative) Example for the setup of generated voltage ripple measurement ............. 42

53 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 45

56 ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

57 bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

58 through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

59 committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

60 organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO

61 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

63 The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

64 described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the

65 different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

66 editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

67 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

68 patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any

69 patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on

71 Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

73 For an explanation of the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,

74 as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the

76 This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 37,

78 Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

81 The requirements for voltage class B electric circuits that are used for electric power transfer for the

82 propulsion of electric road vehicles and their characteristics are significantly different to those of voltage

83 class A electric circuits. Moreover, the range of voltage class B is too wide to be used for a component

85 This standard divides voltage class B in a set of voltage sub-classes to enable a component design for each

86 voltage sub-class regarding to voltage. It provides appropriate descriptions and definitions for

87 requirements and characteristics of voltage class B systems for electrically propelled vehicles.

88 The voltage sub-class itself and the component characteristics have a large cost impact on the component

89 design and on the overall design of the electric system. Additionally, a high variety of different voltage

90 sub-classes and operating conditions impedes the use of an existing component in different vehicle

91 models. The standardisation of voltage sub-classes and characteristics and the reduction of varieties will

92 enable the reduction of component and system costs. It allows the decoupling of the system or component

93 designs of a voltage class B electric circuit from the design of the electric energy source. Finally, the

94 exchange of components from different suppliers for different customers is facilitated.

95 Part 1 of this standard provides definitions of and for voltage sub-classes and characteristics for

96 rechargeable energy storage systems (RESS) and electric propulsion systems. It defines specific values

97 for these sub-classes based on maximum working voltage. Voltage sub-classes listed in this document are

98 used for voltage class B systems of all kinds of current or future electrically propelled road vehicles.

99 Part 2 of this standard provides electrical tests for electric and electronic components at voltage class B

100 used for electrically propelled road vehicles. All relevant characteristics are covered considering usual

101 driving scenarios as well as deviations from normal operation. The descriptions are generalized and

103 The specifications in this standard are not intended to restrict the development of component

104 performance or technology. The given definition of sub-classes does not exclude the use of other

110 This document applies to voltage class B electric propulsion systems and connected auxiliary electric

111 systems of electrically propelled road vehicles. It applies to electric circuits and components in these

113 This document focuses on the characteristics at the DC voltage class B terminals of these components as

114 specified in part 1 of this standard. It describes testing methods, test conditions and test requirements

115 for components exposed to electrical behaviour caused by operation of electric loads and power sources.

116 Note: This document does not cover electrical safety (see ISO 6469, ISO 17409).

118 The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

119 constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the cited edition applies. For

120 undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

122 ISO 21498-1 Electrically propelled road vehicles – Electrical specifications and tests for voltage class B

125 For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TR 8713 and the following

127 ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

132 general functional behaviour of components which depend directly on the voltage in voltage class B

139 entire set of interconnected electric/electronic parts through which electrical current is designed to flow

149 highest value of AC voltage (rms) or of DC voltage that can occur under any normal operating conditions

150 according to the customer's specifications, disregarding transients and ripple

157 rechargeable system that stores energy for delivery of electric energy for the electric drive

161 set of unwanted periodic deviations with respect to the average value of the measured or supplied

162 quantity, occurring at frequencies which can be related to that of components within a system

168 phenomenon or quantity which varies between two consecutive steady states during a short time interval

173 Note 1 to entry: Maximum working voltages within a voltage sub-class are less than or equal to the upper voltage limit.

176 classification of an electric component or circuit with a maximum working voltage of ≤ 30 V AC (rms) or

181 classification of an electric component or circuit with a maximum working voltage of (> 30 and ≤ 1 000) V

185 general term covering voltage sub-class, working voltages and deviations from working voltages

188 classification of an electric component or circuit with a DC voltage within the voltage class B

191 AC voltage (rms) or DC voltage that can occur in an electric system under normal operating conditions

192 according to the customer’s specifications, disregarding transients and ripple.

201 General assumptions and definitions for voltage class B systems are given in ISO 21498-1.

202 Figure 1 shows a generalized view on a voltage class B component. Some of the connections shown may

203 not be available for all voltage class B components. All voltage profiles or voltage values in this document

204 refer to the voltage between the “HV+” and “HV-“ terminals of a voltage class B component, if not

206 A voltage class B component may have multiple interfaces for each type of voltage (voltage class B DC,

207 voltage class B AC, voltage class A, according to Figure 1). For example, a DC/DC converter may interface

209 A voltage class B component may have multiple voltage class B DC terminals, which can be galvanically

210 separated. The tests described in this document shall be fulfilled for each of these terminals.

214 For the purpose of testing Figure 2 summarizes the voltage operating ranges and OS of a voltage class B

215 component at its voltage class B DC voltage terminals. The overvoltage limit, the upper voltage limit and

216 the lower voltage limit are properties of the component. Each voltage class B component shall have a

217 voltage range in which it can be operated with its specified performance (unlimited operating capability).

218 All designated functions, including short-time overload operations, shall be available. Within this voltage

220 Above a maximum voltage, a component may reduce its performance as specified. This maximum voltage

221 is called the “maximum unlimited operating voltage” (U ). The component shall provide its

222 upper limited operating capability until the upper voltage limit (U ) is reached. In this case, the

224 Above the upper voltage limit (U ) the component may derate or cut-off its performance for self-

225 protection. The component shall withstand this overvoltage until the overvoltage limit (U ) is

227 A component shall perform in OS1 until the supply voltage drops to the “minimum unlimited operating

228 voltage” (U ). Between this voltage and the “lower voltage limit” (U ), the component

229 may reduce its performance as specified. In this case, the component operates in OS2.

230 If the supply voltage is below the lower voltage limit (U ), the component may derate or cut-off its

237 This subclause describes the specification of test parameters including tolerances and general test

238 requirements. Frequency, time and voltage levels used for the tests are introduced.

240 The test setup shall provide appropriate interfaces, connections and loads to achieve representative DUT

241 operation and characteristics. Measurement of voltages shall be performed at the voltage class B

See Figure 2 for illustration. The unlimited operating capability is defined in ISO 21498-1.

This value is related to the desired output power of the DUT, the actual set value may have another physical quantity (e.g.

248 The focus of all tests in this document is on the electrical behaviour of the component at the voltage class

249 B terminals. Thermal derating is not considered. Therefore, all tests shall be performed at ambient

251 If a component needs additional liquid cooling, the cooling system shall be chosen as such that the DUT’s

252 performance is not affected by thermal derating. Flow rate and coolant temperature shall be documented.

253 If the electric tests have to be performed at different temperature levels, Annex B gives guidance how to

258 Unless otherwise specified, the tolerances in accordance with Table 4 apply with accuracy as shown in

The specified value is given in the test description. The amplitude may not be below the given value.

260 Tolerances refer to the required setting value. Tolerances of the component measurement shall not lead

262 Tolerances shall only be applied in a way that requirements are not weakened.

The specified value is given in the test description. The amplitude may not be below the given value.

269 The DUT shall be connected to the test setup using the following conditions. If there is an attached cable

270 tail at the DUT or a designated wiring harness, the test setup shall be connected at the end of the existing

271 cable. If not, a cable with a length of ≤ 2 m shall be used to connect the DUT to the test setup.

273 The DUT shall be connected to an appropriate load or source. For all tests the DUT shall be operated at

274 continuous power, if not otherwise stated. If this condition can be reached at several operating points

275 (e.g. speed, torque), an appropriate operating point shall be agreed between customer and supplier.

276 If a component is able to consume and to deliver electrical energy (e.g. motor/generator), the component

279 Sampling rate, bandwidth and resolution of the measuring system shall be adapted for the respective test.

280 This document contains tests concerning DC operation only and tests concerning AC characteristics

283 All additional parameters to be monitored shall be defined for the relevant tests with their value ranges.

284 During the complete test, the parameters to be monitored shall be recorded. The data resulting from the

285 continuous parameter monitoring shall be examined for trends and drifting to detect abnormalities or

286 malfunctions of the component. For components with fault memory, the customer and the supplier shall

287 prior to the testing agree upon which component behaviour that is to be stored during the test. The fault

290 A detailed description of the states and electrical properties of all interfaces (measuring setup and

294 This test verifies that the DUT is able to perform as specified when the DC voltage varies in the range

295 between the lower voltage limit and the upper voltage limit. The purpose is to emulate real battery

298 The test setup according to Figure 3 shall be used. It consists of a variable voltage class B voltage source

299 and the DUT. A profile for the voltage U at the connection to the DUT is given in Figure 4.

302 Figure 3 - Test setup for DC supply voltage variation within operational range

304 Install the DUT in a test setup according to Figure 3 and verify that all functions operate according to OS1

306 Change the level of the HV DC voltage source so that the measured voltage at the DUT (U ) becomes

308 The voltage at the voltage class B terminals of the DUT (U ) and relevant parameters to evaluate the OS

312 Figure 4 - Voltage profile for DC supply voltage variation within operational range

313 Table 7 - Test parameters for DC supply voltage variation within operational range