ISO 23274-1:2019
(Main)Hybrid-electric road vehicles — Exhaust emissions and fuel consumption measurements — Part 1: Non-externally chargeable vehicles
Hybrid-electric road vehicles — Exhaust emissions and fuel consumption measurements — Part 1: Non-externally chargeable vehicles
This document specifies a chassis dynamometer test procedure to measure the exhaust emissions and the electric energy and fuel consumption for the vehicles. This document applies to vehicles with the following characteristics: — vehicles classified as passenger cars or light duty trucks, as defined in the relevant regional applicable driving test (ADT) standard; — the nominal energy of the rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) is at least 2 % of the total energy consumption over an ADT; — internal combustion engine (ICE) only using liquid fuels (for example, gasoline and diesel fuel). NOTE In the case of the vehicles with ICE using other fuel [for example, compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), hydrogen], this document can apply except the measurement of consumed fuel; otherwise the measurement method for those using the corresponding fuel can apply. This document proposes procedures for correcting the measured emissions and fuel consumption of hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs), in order to obtain the values when the state of charge (SOC) of the RESS does not remain the same between the beginning and the end of an ADT. It can also be applied to measurement procedures for exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of externally chargeable HEVs when a vehicle is not externally charged and operated only in the charge sustaining (CS) state, as described in ISO 23274‑2.
Véhicules routiers électriques hybrides — Mesurages des émissions à l'échappement et de la consommation de carburant — Partie 1: Véhicules non rechargeables par des moyens externes
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23274-1
Second edition
2019-08
Hybrid-electric road vehicles —
Exhaust emissions and fuel
consumption measurements —
Part 1:
Non-externally chargeable vehicles
Véhicules routiers électriques hybrides — Mesurages des émissions à
l'échappement et de la consommation de carburant —
Partie 1: Véhicules non rechargeables par des moyens externes
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test conditions and instrumentation . 3
4.1 Test conditions . 3
4.1.1 General. 3
4.1.2 Ambient temperature . 3
4.1.3 Vehicle conditions . 3
4.1.4 Chassis dynamometer conditions . 4
4.2 Test instrumentation . 5
5 Measurement of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption . 5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Test procedure . 5
5.2.1 Vehicle preconditioning . 5
5.2.2 Vehicle soak . 5
5.2.3 Vehicle movement to the test room . 5
5.2.4 Measurement over ADT . 5
5.3 Correction of the test results . 6
5.3.1 General. 6
5.3.2 Allowable range of RESS energy balance . 6
5.3.3 Correction procedure by correction coefficient . 6
6 Calculations and expressions . 6
Annex A (informative) Linear correction method using a correction coefficient .7
Annex B (informative) Calculation of allowable range of RESS energy change .10
Annex C (informative) Theory for the linear regression method .12
Annex D (informative) Guidelines for charge balance measurement .14
Bibliography .23
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 37,
Electrically propelled vehicles.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 23274-1:2013), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— the content of ISO/TR 11955:2008, Hybrid-electric road vehicles —Guidelines for charge balance
measurement was merged with this document as Annex D.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23274 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23274-1:2019(E)
Hybrid-electric road vehicles — Exhaust emissions and
fuel consumption measurements —
Part 1:
Non-externally chargeable vehicles
1 Scope
This document specifies a chassis dynamometer test procedure to measure the exhaust emissions and
the electric energy and fuel consumption for the vehicles.
This document applies to vehicles with the following characteristics:
— vehicles classified as passenger cars or light duty trucks, as defined in the relevant regional
applicable driving test (ADT) standard;
— the nominal energy of the rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) is at least 2 % of the total
energy consumption over an ADT;
— internal combustion engine (ICE) only using liquid fuels (for example, gasoline and diesel fuel).
NOTE In the case of the vehicles with ICE using other fuel [for example, compressed natural gas (CNG),
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), hydrogen], this document can apply except the measurement of consumed fuel;
otherwise the measurement method for those using the corresponding fuel can apply.
This document proposes procedures for correcting the measured emissions and fuel consumption of
hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs), in order to obtain the values when the state of charge (SOC) of the RESS
does not remain the same between the beginning and the end of an ADT.
It can also be applied to measurement procedures for exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of
externally chargeable HEVs when a vehicle is not externally charged and operated only in the charge
sustaining (CS) state, as described in ISO 23274-2.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 10521 (all parts), Road vehicles — Road load
ISO/TR 8713, Electrically propelled road vehicles — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TR 8713 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
applicable driving test
ADT
single driving test schedule which is specified for a relevant region
Note 1 to entry: Chassis dynamometer test schedules for a relevant region are the Worldwide Light-duty Test
Cycle (WLTC) or the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS), for example.
3.2
charge balance of RESS
change of charge in the RESS (3.10) during fuel consumption measurement
Note 1 to entry: Normally expressed in ampere hours (Ah).
3.3
coulomb efficiency
Ah efficiency
efficiency of the battery, based on electricity in coulomb for a specified charge/discharge procedure,
expressed by output electricity divided by input electricity
3.4
energy balance of RESS
ΔE
RESS
change of RESS (3.10) energy state during an applicable driving test (3.1)
Note 1 to entry: Normally expressed in watt hours (Wh).
Note 2 to entry: For practical use, the energy balance of RESS is approximated by multiplying the charge balance
of RESS (3.2) in ampere hours (Ah) by the nominal voltage in volts (V).
3.5
energy efficiency
Wh efficiency
efficiency of the battery, based on energy for a specified charge/discharge procedure, expressed by
output energy divided by input energy
3.6
externally chargeable HEV
HEV (3.7) with a RESS (3.10) that is intended to be charged from an external electric energy source
Note 1 to entry: External charge for the purpose of conditioning of the RESS is not included.
Note 2 to entry: Externally chargeable HEVs are widely known as plug-in HEVs (PHEVs).
3.7
hybrid-electric vehicle
HEV
vehicle with both a RESS (3.10) and a fuelled power source for propulsion
EXAMPLE Internal combustion engine or fuel cell systems are typical types of fuelled power sources.
3.8
non-externally chargeable HEV
HEV (3.7) with a RESS (3.10) that is not intended to be charged from an external electric energy source
3.9
rated capacity
supplier’s specification of the total number of ampere hours that can be withdrawn from a fully charged
battery pack or system for a specified set of test conditions such as discharge rate, temperature and
discharge cut-off voltage
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
3.10
rechargeable energy storage system
RESS
rechargeable system that stores energy for delivery of electric energy for the electric drive
EXAMPLE Batteries or capacitors.
3.11
regenerative braking
braking with conversion of kinetic energy into electric energy for charging the RESS (3.10)
3.12
state of charge
SOC
available capacity of a RESS (3.10) or RESS subsystem expressed as a percentage of rated capacity (3.9)
4 Test conditions and instrumentation
4.1 Test conditions
4.1.1 General
For test conditions, 4.1.2 to 4.1.4 apply. Otherwise, the test conditions of the relevant regional ADT
standards apply.
4.1.2 Ambient temperature
Tests shall be conducted at ambient temperature of (25 ± 5) °C.
4.1.3 Vehicle conditions
4.1.3.1 Vehicle conditioning
Prior to testing, the test vehicle with RESS shall be stabilized as specified by the manufacturers, or the
mileage shall be accumulated to above 3 000 km and less than 15 000 km.
4.1.3.2 Vehicle appendages
Vehicles shall be tested with normal appendages (mirrors, bumpers, etc.). When
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23274-1
Second edition
2019-08
Hybrid-electric road vehicles —
Exhaust emissions and fuel
consumption measurements —
Part 1:
Non-externally chargeable vehicles
Véhicules routiers électriques hybrides — Mesurages des émissions à
l'échappement et de la consommation de carburant —
Partie 1: Véhicules non rechargeables par des moyens externes
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test conditions and instrumentation . 3
4.1 Test conditions . 3
4.1.1 General. 3
4.1.2 Ambient temperature . 3
4.1.3 Vehicle conditions . 3
4.1.4 Chassis dynamometer conditions . 4
4.2 Test instrumentation . 5
5 Measurement of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption . 5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Test procedure . 5
5.2.1 Vehicle preconditioning . 5
5.2.2 Vehicle soak . 5
5.2.3 Vehicle movement to the test room . 5
5.2.4 Measurement over ADT . 5
5.3 Correction of the test results . 6
5.3.1 General. 6
5.3.2 Allowable range of RESS energy balance . 6
5.3.3 Correction procedure by correction coefficient . 6
6 Calculations and expressions . 6
Annex A (informative) Linear correction method using a correction coefficient .7
Annex B (informative) Calculation of allowable range of RESS energy change .10
Annex C (informative) Theory for the linear regression method .12
Annex D (informative) Guidelines for charge balance measurement .14
Bibliography .23
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 37,
Electrically propelled vehicles.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 23274-1:2013), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— the content of ISO/TR 11955:2008, Hybrid-electric road vehicles —Guidelines for charge balance
measurement was merged with this document as Annex D.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23274 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23274-1:2019(E)
Hybrid-electric road vehicles — Exhaust emissions and
fuel consumption measurements —
Part 1:
Non-externally chargeable vehicles
1 Scope
This document specifies a chassis dynamometer test procedure to measure the exhaust emissions and
the electric energy and fuel consumption for the vehicles.
This document applies to vehicles with the following characteristics:
— vehicles classified as passenger cars or light duty trucks, as defined in the relevant regional
applicable driving test (ADT) standard;
— the nominal energy of the rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) is at least 2 % of the total
energy consumption over an ADT;
— internal combustion engine (ICE) only using liquid fuels (for example, gasoline and diesel fuel).
NOTE In the case of the vehicles with ICE using other fuel [for example, compressed natural gas (CNG),
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), hydrogen], this document can apply except the measurement of consumed fuel;
otherwise the measurement method for those using the corresponding fuel can apply.
This document proposes procedures for correcting the measured emissions and fuel consumption of
hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs), in order to obtain the values when the state of charge (SOC) of the RESS
does not remain the same between the beginning and the end of an ADT.
It can also be applied to measurement procedures for exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of
externally chargeable HEVs when a vehicle is not externally charged and operated only in the charge
sustaining (CS) state, as described in ISO 23274-2.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 10521 (all parts), Road vehicles — Road load
ISO/TR 8713, Electrically propelled road vehicles — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TR 8713 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
applicable driving test
ADT
single driving test schedule which is specified for a relevant region
Note 1 to entry: Chassis dynamometer test schedules for a relevant region are the Worldwide Light-duty Test
Cycle (WLTC) or the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS), for example.
3.2
charge balance of RESS
change of charge in the RESS (3.10) during fuel consumption measurement
Note 1 to entry: Normally expressed in ampere hours (Ah).
3.3
coulomb efficiency
Ah efficiency
efficiency of the battery, based on electricity in coulomb for a specified charge/discharge procedure,
expressed by output electricity divided by input electricity
3.4
energy balance of RESS
ΔE
RESS
change of RESS (3.10) energy state during an applicable driving test (3.1)
Note 1 to entry: Normally expressed in watt hours (Wh).
Note 2 to entry: For practical use, the energy balance of RESS is approximated by multiplying the charge balance
of RESS (3.2) in ampere hours (Ah) by the nominal voltage in volts (V).
3.5
energy efficiency
Wh efficiency
efficiency of the battery, based on energy for a specified charge/discharge procedure, expressed by
output energy divided by input energy
3.6
externally chargeable HEV
HEV (3.7) with a RESS (3.10) that is intended to be charged from an external electric energy source
Note 1 to entry: External charge for the purpose of conditioning of the RESS is not included.
Note 2 to entry: Externally chargeable HEVs are widely known as plug-in HEVs (PHEVs).
3.7
hybrid-electric vehicle
HEV
vehicle with both a RESS (3.10) and a fuelled power source for propulsion
EXAMPLE Internal combustion engine or fuel cell systems are typical types of fuelled power sources.
3.8
non-externally chargeable HEV
HEV (3.7) with a RESS (3.10) that is not intended to be charged from an external electric energy source
3.9
rated capacity
supplier’s specification of the total number of ampere hours that can be withdrawn from a fully charged
battery pack or system for a specified set of test conditions such as discharge rate, temperature and
discharge cut-off voltage
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
3.10
rechargeable energy storage system
RESS
rechargeable system that stores energy for delivery of electric energy for the electric drive
EXAMPLE Batteries or capacitors.
3.11
regenerative braking
braking with conversion of kinetic energy into electric energy for charging the RESS (3.10)
3.12
state of charge
SOC
available capacity of a RESS (3.10) or RESS subsystem expressed as a percentage of rated capacity (3.9)
4 Test conditions and instrumentation
4.1 Test conditions
4.1.1 General
For test conditions, 4.1.2 to 4.1.4 apply. Otherwise, the test conditions of the relevant regional ADT
standards apply.
4.1.2 Ambient temperature
Tests shall be conducted at ambient temperature of (25 ± 5) °C.
4.1.3 Vehicle conditions
4.1.3.1 Vehicle conditioning
Prior to testing, the test vehicle with RESS shall be stabilized as specified by the manufacturers, or the
mileage shall be accumulated to above 3 000 km and less than 15 000 km.
4.1.3.2 Vehicle appendages
Vehicles shall be tested with normal appendages (mirrors, bumpers, etc.). When
...
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