Electrically powered wheelchairs, scooters and their chargers - Requirements and test methods

TThis document specifies requirements and test methods for electrically powered wheelchairs, with a maximum speed not exceeding 20 km/h, intended to carry one person of mass not greater than 300 kg, including:
-   electrically powered scooters with three or more wheels,
-   manual wheelchairs with an add-on drive system,
-   handrim-activated power-assisted wheelchairs,
-   electrically powered stand-up wheelchairs,
-   balancing wheelchairs,
-   wheelchairs with a pivot drive wheel unit, and
-   assistant-guided wheelchairs.
This document does not apply to custom-made electrically powered wheelchairs or electrically powered wheelchairs intended for use in sports.
This document also specifies requirements and test methods for manual wheelchairs with electrically powered ancillary equipment.

Elektrorollstühle, Scooters und zugehörige Ladegeräte - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren

Dieses Dokument legt Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren für Elektrorollstühle mit einer Höchstgeschwindigkeit von 20 km/h fest, die für die Beförderung einer Person mit einem Höchstgewicht von 300 kg bestimmt sind, einschließlich:
- Elektromobile mit drei oder mehr Rädern,
- muskelkraftbetriebene Rollstühle mit Zusatzantrieb,
- mit Greifreifen betätigte kraftunterstützte Rollstühle,
- elektrischer Aufrichtrollstuhl,
- selbstbalancierende Rollstühle,
- Rollstühle mit Drehantrieb, und
- von Hilfspersonen geführte Rollstühle.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für kundenspezifisch angefertigte Elektrorollstühle oder für sportliche Aktivitäten vorgesehene Elektrorollstühle.
Dieses Dokument legt auch Anforderungen an und Prüfverfahren für muskelkraftbetriebene Rollstühle mit elektrischem Zusatzantrieb fest.

Fauteuils roulants électriques, scooters et leurs chargeurs - Exigences et méthodes d’essai

Le présent document spécifie les exigences et les méthodes d’essai relatives aux fauteuils roulants électriques dont la vitesse maximale ne dépasse pas 20 km/h et prévus pour transporter une personne dont la masse n’excède pas 300 kg, y compris :
- les scooters électriques à trois roues ou plus ;
- les fauteuils roulants à propulsion manuelle équipés d’un système de conduite ;
- les fauteuils roulants à propulsion assistée activée par mains courantes ;
- les fauteuils roulants verticalisateurs électriques ;
- les fauteuils roulants avec système de stabilisation gyroscopique ;
- les fauteuils roulants équipés d’un module avec roue motrice pivotante ;
- les fauteuils roulants avec système d’assistance.
Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux fauteuils roulants électriques personnalisés ni aux fauteuils roulants électriques prévus pour la pratique sportive.
Le présent document spécifie également les exigences et méthodes d’essai pour les fauteuils roulants à
propulsion manuelle dotés d’un équipement électrique auxiliaire.

Invalidski vozički na električni pogon, skuterji in njihovi polnilniki - Zahteve in preskusne metode

General Information

Status
Not Published
Current Stage
4599 - Dispatch of FV draft to CMC - Finalization for Vote
Due Date
17-Nov-2021
Completion Date
17-Nov-2021

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 12184:2020
01-november-2020

Invalidski vozički na električni pogon, skuterji in njihovi polnilniki - Zahteve in

preskusne metode

Electrically powered wheelchairs, scooters and their chargers - Requirements and test

methods
Elektrorollstühle, Scooters und zugehörige Ladegeräte - Anforderungen und
Prüfverfahren

Fauteuils roulants électriques, scooters et leurs chargeurs - Exigences et méthodes

d’essai
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 12184
ICS:
11.180.10 Pripomočki in prilagoditve za Aids and adaptation for
gibanje moving
oSIST prEN 12184:2020 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 12184:2020
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oSIST prEN 12184:2020
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 12184
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2020
ICS 11.180.10 Will supersede EN 12184:2014
English Version
Electrically powered wheelchairs, scooters and their
chargers - Requirements and test methods

Fauteuils roulants électriques, scooters et leurs Elektrorollstühle, Scooters und zugehörige Ladegeräte

chargeurs - Exigences et méthodes d'essai - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

CEN/TC 293.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other

language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC

Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,

Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and

United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 12184:2020 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 12184:2020
prEN 12184:2020 (E)
Contents Page

European foreword ...................................................................................................................................................... 5

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 6

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 7

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 7

3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 9

4 Test apparatus ............................................................................................................................................... 10

5 Type classes .................................................................................................................................................... 11

6 General requirements ................................................................................................................................. 11

6.1 General.............................................................................................................................................................. 11

6.2 Risk management ......................................................................................................................................... 12

6.3 Speed limitation in normative references ........................................................................................... 12

6.4 Applicable provisions .................................................................................................................................. 12

7 Preparation for testing ............................................................................................................................... 12

7.1 General.............................................................................................................................................................. 12

7.2 Test dummy .................................................................................................................................................... 13

7.3 Human test occupant ................................................................................................................................... 13

8 Wheelchair performance ........................................................................................................................... 13

8.1 Driving characteristics ................................................................................................................................ 13

8.1.1 General.............................................................................................................................................................. 13

8.1.2 Ability to climb rated slope ....................................................................................................................... 13

8.1.3 Ground unevenness ..................................................................................................................................... 14

8.1.4 Maximum downhill speed .......................................................................................................................... 14

8.1.5 Dynamic stability .......................................................................................................................................... 14

8.1.6 Obstacle climbing and descending ......................................................................................................... 15

8.1.7 Static stability ................................................................................................................................................. 16

8.1.8 Maximum speed ............................................................................................................................................ 16

8.1.9 Distance range ............................................................................................................................................... 16

8.2 Static, impact and fatigue strength ......................................................................................................... 17

8.2.1 Requirements ................................................................................................................................................. 17

8.2.2 Test method .................................................................................................................................................... 17

8.3 Wheelchairs for use as seats in motor vehicles ................................................................................. 17

8.4 Climatic performance .................................................................................................................................. 17

9 Component properties ................................................................................................................................ 17

9.1 Foot supports, lower leg support assemblies and arm supports ................................................ 17

9.1.1 Requirements ................................................................................................................................................. 17

9.1.2 Test methods .................................................................................................................................................. 18

9.2 Component mass ........................................................................................................................................... 18

9.3 Pneumatic tyres ............................................................................................................................................. 19

9.4 Means for preventing the occupant tipping or sliding .................................................................... 19

9.5 Resistance to ignition .................................................................................................................................. 19

9.5.1 General.............................................................................................................................................................. 19

9.5.2 Test methods .................................................................................................................................................. 19

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9.5.3 Power and control systems ....................................................................................................................... 19

10 Propulsion and braking systems ............................................................................................................ 20

10.1 Means for operating brakes ...................................................................................................................... 20

10.1.1 Requirement ................................................................................................................................................... 20

10.1.2 Test method for determination of brake operating forces ........................................................... 20

10.2 Braking functions ......................................................................................................................................... 21

10.2.1 Requirements ................................................................................................................................................. 21

10.2.2 Test methods .................................................................................................................................................. 22

10.3 Freewheel device .......................................................................................................................................... 23

11 Operations ....................................................................................................................................................... 24

11.1 Operations intended to be carried out by the occupant and/or assistant ............................... 24

11.2 Controls intended for operation by the occupant ............................................................................. 24

11.3 Controls intended for operation by an assistant ............................................................................... 25

11.4 Assistant control unit, push handles and handgrips ....................................................................... 25

11.4.1 Requirements ................................................................................................................................................. 25

11.4.2 Test method .................................................................................................................................................... 26

11.5 Operating forces ............................................................................................................................................ 26

11.5.1 Requirements ................................................................................................................................................. 26

11.5.2 Test method .................................................................................................................................................... 26

11.6 Seating adjustments for tilt and recline systems .............................................................................. 27

11.6.1 Requirements ................................................................................................................................................. 27

11.6.2 Test method .................................................................................................................................................... 27

12 Electrical systems ......................................................................................................................................... 27

12.1 General requirements ................................................................................................................................. 27

12.2 Circuit protection ......................................................................................................................................... 27

12.2.1 Requirement ................................................................................................................................................... 27

12.2.2 Preparation ..................................................................................................................................................... 28

12.2.3 Test method .................................................................................................................................................... 28

12.3 Battery chargers............................................................................................................................................ 28

12.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 28

12.3.2 Operation ......................................................................................................................................................... 28

12.3.3 Manual adjustment for battery type ...................................................................................................... 28

12.4 Charging connector ...................................................................................................................................... 29

12.5 Battery enclosures and containers ........................................................................................................ 29

12.6 Emergency stop ............................................................................................................................................. 29

12.7 Lighting ............................................................................................................................................................. 29

12.8 Switching off while driving........................................................................................................................ 30

12.9 Software ........................................................................................................................................................... 30

12.10 Lithium cells and batteries ........................................................................................................................ 30

12.11 Remote control .............................................................................................................................................. 30

13 Information supplied by the manufacturer ........................................................................................ 31

13.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 31

13.2 Pre-sale information ................................................................................................................................... 31

13.3 User information ........................................................................................................................................... 32

13.4 Service information ..................................................................................................................................... 34

13.5 Labelling .......................................................................................................................................................... 34

14 Test report ...................................................................................................................................................... 34

15 Tables ................................................................................................................................................................ 35

16 Figures .............................................................................................................................................................. 38

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oSIST prEN 12184:2020
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Annex A (normative) Recommendations for dimensions and manoeuvring space of

electrically powered wheelchairs ........................................................................................................... 45

Annex B (normative) Recommended design features .................................................................................. 47

Annex C (normative) Recommendations for lighting and reflectors ...................................................... 50

Annex D (informative) EN 12184 and rail interoperability ....................................................................... 52

Annex E (normative) Recommendations for safety in freewheel mode ................................................ 53

Annex F (normative) Postural support devices – static, impact and fatigue strength ...................... 55

Annex G (normative) Applicable provisions for some types of wheelchair ......................................... 56

Annex H (informative) Technical changes from the previous edition of EN 12184 .......................... 63

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 65

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oSIST prEN 12184:2020
prEN 12184:2020 (E)
European foreword

This document (prEN 12184:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 293 “Assistive

products and accessibility”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 12184:2014.

Annex H provides details of significant technical changes between this document and EN 12184:2014.

Requirements and test methods for manual wheelchairs are specified in EN 12183.
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oSIST prEN 12184:2020
prEN 12184:2020 (E)
Introduction

This is the fifth edition of EN 12184. The previous editions were published in 1999, 2006, 2009 and

2014.

Where this document does not apply to particular wheelchairs, contracting parties should consider

whether appropriate parts of this document can be used. Manufacturers might also wish to consider

whether appropriate parts of this document can be used to assess the performance of their products

against the general safety and performance requirements of Regulation (EU) 2017/745 of 5 April 2017

medical devices.

This document contains requirements for ergonomic design related to the ease of wheelchair operation.

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oSIST prEN 12184:2020
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1 Scope

This document specifies requirements and test methods for electrically powered wheelchairs, with a

maximum speed not exceeding 20 km/h, intended to carry one person of mass not greater than 300 kg,

including:
— electrically powered scooters with three or more wheels,
— manual wheelchairs with an add-on drive system,
— handrim-activated power-assisted wheelchairs,
— electrically powered stand-up wheelchairs,
— balancing wheelchairs,
— wheelchairs with a pivot drive wheel unit, and
— assistant-guided wheelchairs.

This document does not apply to custom-made electrically powered wheelchairs or electrically

powered wheelchairs intended for use in sports.

This document also specifies requirements and test methods for manual wheelchairs with electrically

powered ancillary equipment.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 1021-2:2014, Furniture - Assessment of the ignitability of upholstered furniture - Part 2: Ignition

source match flame equivalent

EN 12182:2012, Assistive products for persons with disability - General requirements and test methods

prEN 12183:2020, Manual wheelchairs - Requirements and test methods
EN 15194:2017, Cycles - Electrically power assisted cycles - EPAC Bicycles

EN 60335-2-29, Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 2-29: Particular requirements

for battery chargers (IEC 60335-2-29)

EN 60601-1:2006 , Medical electrical equipment - Part 1: General requirements for basic safety and

essential performance (IEC 60601-1:2005)

EN 62133-2:2017, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety

requirements for portable sealed secondary cells, and for batteries made from them, for use in portable

applications - Part 2: Lithium systems (IEC 62133-2:2017)

EN 62304:2006 , Medical device software - Software life-cycle processes (IEC 62304:2006)

A impacted by EN 60601-1:2006/A12:2014.
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prEN 12184:2020 (E)

EN ISO 14971:2012, Medical devices — Application of risk management to medical devices

ISO 7176-1:2014, Wheelchairs — Part 1: Determination of static stability

ISO 7176-2:2017, Wheelchairs — Part 2: Determination of dynamic stability of electrically powered

wheelchairs
ISO 7176-3:2012, Wheelchairs — Part 3: Determination of effectiveness of brakes

ISO 7176-4:2008, Wheelchairs — Part 4: Energy consumption of electric wheelchairs and scooters for

determination of theoretical distance range

ISO 7176-6:2018, Wheelchairs — Part 6: Determination of maximum speed of electrically powered

wheelchairs

ISO 7176-8:2014, Wheelchairs — Part 8: Requirements and test methods for static, impact and fatigue

strengths
ISO 7176-9:2009, Wheelchairs — Part 9: Climatic tests for electric wheelchairs

ISO 7176-10:2008, Wheelchairs — Part 10: Determination of obstacle-climbing ability of electrically

powered wheelchairs
ISO 7176-11:2012, Wheelchairs — Part 11: Test dummies

ISO 7176-13:1989, Wheelchairs — Part 13: Determination of coefficient of friction of test surfaces

ISO 7176-14:2008, Wheelchairs — Part 14: Power and control systems for electrically powered

wheelchairs and scooters — Requirements and test methods

ISO 7176-15:1996, Wheelchairs — Part 15: Requirements for information disclosure, documentation and

labelling

ISO 7176-19:2008 , Wheelchairs — Part 19: Wheeled mobility devices for use as seats in motor vehicles

ISO 7176-21:2009, Wheelchairs — Part 21: Requirements and test methods for electromagnetic

compatibility of electrically powered wheelchairs and scooters, and battery chargers

ISO 7176-22:2014, Wheelchairs — Part 22: Set-up procedures

ISO 7176-25:2013, Wheelchairs — Part 25: Batteries and chargers for powered wheelchairs

ISO 7176-26:2007, Wheelchairs — Part 26: Vocabulary

ISO 8191-2:1988, Furniture — Assessment of ignitability of upholstered furniture — Part 2: Ignition

source: match-flame equivalent

ISO 16840-3:2014, Wheelchair seating — Part 3: Determination of static, impact and repetitive load

strengths for postural support devices
As impacted by EN 62304:2006/A1:2015.
As impacted by ISO 7176 19:2008/A1:2015.
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ISO 16840-10:2014, Wheelchairs — Resistance to ignition of non-integrated seat and back support

cushions — Part 10: Requirements and test methods
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7176-26:2007,

ISO 7176-14:2008, EN 12182:2012 and the following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp

NOTE An exception to the terms given in ISO 7176-26:2007 is made for the definition of wheelchair which is

replaced by 3.6 below.
3.1
audible warning device
device for making a warning sound or noise
EXAMPLE A horn.
3.2
freewheel device

means for disengaging the parking brake and/or the drive of a wheelchair to allow it to be manoeuvred

manually
3.3
loaded wheelchair

wheelchair loaded with a test dummy as specified in 4.9 or loaded with a human test occupant

3.4
non-spillable battery
battery from which the electrolyte cannot escape whatever its orientation
3.5
rated slope

maximum slope specified by the manufacturer on which the wheelchair meets the requirements for

dynamic stability, static stability, braking performance and slope climbing, traversing and descending

3.6
wheelchair

wheeled personal mobility device incorporating a body support system for a disabled occupant, that is

propelled by one or more electric motors controlled by the occupant or by an assistant, and that has

electronic control of speed and electronic or manual control of direction

Note 1 to entry: A disabled occupant is a disabled person or a person not having the full capacity to walk unaided.

Note 2 to entry: The definition includes scooters.
[SOURCE: Global Medical Device Nomenclature (GMDN), modified]
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3.7
pre-sale information
publicly available information provided by the manufacturer about the wheelchair
3.8
stand-up wheelchair

wheelchair which enables the occupant to move between a seated posture and a standing posture and

enables the occupant to maintain a standing posture
3.9
assistant-guided wheelchair

wheelchair partly propelled, braked, and/or steered by the muscular energy of an assistant

3.10
pivot drive wheel unit

integrated propulsion system comprising a pivot drive wheel, a battery and a controller

4 Test apparatus

4.1 Inclined test plane, of sufficient length that the wheelchair can reach its maximum speed and

decelerate to a stop. The inclined test plane shall be dry, free from ice, and free from loose material

(such as gravel). The inclined test plane shall include a test area consisting of a continuous, flat, rigid

surface with a coefficient of friction as specified in ISO 7176-13:1989, inclined to the horizontal at the

specified angle ± 0,5 °. The surface of the test area shall lie between two imaginary parallel planes 5 mm

apart per 1 000 mm of extension in any direction and 50 mm apart per 6 000 mm of extension in any

direction. The test area shall be of sufficient size to complete the specified manoeuvres, except for

acceleration and deceleration, which may occur outside the test area when they do not affect the test

results.

The requirements for the test area do not apply to the parts of the inclined test plane outside it, but the

properties and slope of all parts of the inclined test plane, including any transitions at the edges of the

test area, shall be sufficiently similar that the test results are not affected.
See Figure 8.

The inclined test plane may have a fixed or adjustable slope. Where the slope is fixed it might be

necessary to use more than one inclined test plane.

4.2 Horizontal test plane, of sufficient length that the wheelchair can reach its maximum speed and

decelerate to a stop. The horizontal test plane shall be dry, free from ice, and free from loose material

(such as gravel). The horizontal test plane shall include a test area consisting of a continuous, flat, rigid

surface with a coefficient of friction as specified in ISO 7176-13:1989. The surface of the test area shall

lie between two im
...

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