ISO/DIS 16813

Building environment design -- Indoor environment -- General principles

Conception de l'environnement des bâtiments -- Environnement intérieur -- Principes généraux

Standards Content (sample)

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 16813
ISO/TC 205 Secretariat: ANSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2015-09-29 2015-12-29
Building environment design — Indoor environment —
General principles

Conception de l’environnement des bâtiments — Environnement intérieur — Principes généraux

ICS: 91.040.01
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
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ISO/DIS 16813:2015(E)
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ISO/DIS 16813:2015(E)
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ISO/DIS 16813
Contents Page

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ iv

Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... v

1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................................... 1

2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................ 1

3 Terms and definitions ........................................................................................................................... 1

4 Fundamentals ........................................................................................................................................ 5

5 Design process ...................................................................................................................................... 7

6 Development of design criteria .......................................................................................................... 11

7 Development of design aids ............................................................................................................... 11

8 Cost evaluation .................................................................................................................................... 10

Annex A (normative) Design process .......................................................................................................... 13

Annex B (informative) Post design matters ................................................................................................ 14

Bibliography ...................................................................................................................................................... 15

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ISO/DIS 16813
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies

(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO

technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been

established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and

non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards

adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an

International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent

rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 16813 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 205, Building environment design.

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ISO/DIS 16813
Introduction

This international standard gives the general principles of building environment design and has been prepared

for building designers, i.e. architects, environmental designers and building system designers, as well as

building clients, contractors, government officials, and academic staff.

The aim is to assist these groups in applying an effective design process in the pursuit of high quality indoor

environment for the occupants, while also seeking to protect the environment for the future generations. The

standard provides the framework for sustainability issues to be taken into account in the design constraints

from the very early stages of building design and requires the design drawings and specifications to be

evaluated at every design stage according to the criteria provided by other relevant standards.

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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 16813
Building environment design — Indoor environment — General principles
1 Scope

This International Standard establishes the general principles of building environment design taking into account

aspects of sustainability related to indoor environmental quality and healthy indoor environment for the occupants.

The standard promotes an approach in which the various parties involved in building environmental design

collaborate with one another to provide a sustainable building environment. The unique features of the design

process are articulated by the following aims:

- to provide the indoor building environment the aims concerning sustainability from the initial stage of the

design process, including building plant life cycle, together with owning and operating costs considered at

all stages of the design process,

- to assess the proposed design with rational criteria for indoor air quality, thermal, acoustic, and visual

comfort, energy efficiency and HVAC system controls at each design stage

- to make iterations between decisions and evaluations of the design throughout the design process.

The building environment design involves not only architectural design associated with environmental quality but

also environmental system design associated with effective controls measures. This International Standard is

applicable to building environment design for new construction and retrofitting.
2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,

only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any

amendments) applies.

ISO 15686-1, Buildings and constructed assets-service life planning – Part 1: General Principles

ISO 6242-1, Building construction -- Expression of users' requirements -- Part 1: Thermal requirements

ISO 6242-2, Building construction -- Expression of users' requirements -- Part 2: Air purity requirements

ISO 11855-1, Building environment design -- Design, dimensioning, installation and control of embedded radiant

heating and cooling systems -- Part 1: Definition, symbols, and comfort criteria

ISO 11855-2, Building environment design -- Design, dimensioning, installation and control of embedded radiant

heating and cooling systems -- Part 2: Determination of the design heating and cooling capacity

ISO 11855-3, Building environment design -- Design, dimensioning, installation and control of embedded radiant

heating and cooling systems -- Part 3: Design and dimensioning

ISO 11855-4, Building environment design -- Design, dimensioning, installation and control of embedded radiant

heating and cooling systems -- Part 4: Dimensioning and calculation of the dynamic heating and cooling capacity of

Thermo Active Building Systems (TABS)

ISO 11855-5, Building environment design -- Design, dimensioning, installation and control of embedded radiant

heating and cooling systems -- Part 5: Installation
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ISO/DIS 16813

ISO 11855-6, Building environment design -- Design, dimensioning, installation and control of embedded radiant

heating and cooling systems -- Part 6: Control

ISO 13153, Framework of the design process for energy-saving single-family residential and small commercial

buildings

ISO 13612-1, Heating and cooling systems in buildings -- Method for calculation of the system performance and

system design for heat pump systems -- Part 1: Design and dimensioning

ISO 13612-2, Heating and cooling systems in buildings -- Method for calculation of the system performance and

system design for heat pump systems -- Part 2: Energy calculation

ISO 13675, Heating systems in buildings -- Method and design for calculation of the system energy performance --

Combustion systems (boilers)

ISO 16484-1, Building automation and control systems (BACS) -- Part 1: Project specification and implementation

ISO 16484-2, Building automation and control systems (BACS) -- Part 2: Hardware
ISO 16484-3, Building automation and control systems (BACS) -- Part 3: Functions

ISO 16484-5, Building automation and control systems (BACS) -- Part 5: Data communication protocol

ISO 16484-6, Building automation and control systems (BACS) -- Part 6: Data communication conformance testing

ISO 16813, Building environment design -- Indoor environment -- General principles

ISO 16814:2008 Building environment design -- Indoor air quality -- Methods of expressing

the quality of indoor air for human occupancy

ISO 16817:2012 Building environment design -- Indoor environment -- Design process for

visual environment
ISO 16818:2008 Building environment design -- Energy efficiency -- Terminology

ISO 23045:2008 Building environment design -- Guidelines to assess energy efficiency of

new buildings
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
acoustic comfort

reaction of occupants to the indoor acoustic environment, described in terms of sound pressure level and audibility

3.2
competent person

person who is capable of relating and understanding all the design parameters involved in the design of the

building and its associated services
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3.3
computer analysis

detailed examination to quantify the effects of the proposed building design in terms of energy requirements and

the indoor environment

NOTE Ideally by hourly computer simulation on annual basis during the lifetime of the building

3.4
assumptions

set of descriptions that must be considered by the designer if the actual requirements are difficult to identify at the

design decision-making stage
3.5
building environment design

course of action to be taken in building design, involving architectural and environmental system design of the

building, its parts or its building service components

NOTE Sustainability issues are considered as being significant in building environment design

3.6
building control system

measures taken to ensure the system operates in accordance with the specified conditions

3.7
commissioning process

systematic application of processes and procedures designed to ensure that the project objectives are achieved

and maintained throughout the building lifetime

NOTE 1 The commissioning process begins at project conception and continues through pre-design phase,

design, construction, start-up, turnover, occupancy and operation.

NOTE 2: Details of how to conduct the commissioning process are outside the scope of this standard.

3.10
constraints

fixed items including the mandates of local building regulations, health and occupational legislation, and design

fundamentals that have to be met during the design process considering the restraints of the global environment.

3.11
design aids

set of guidelines used for conceptual details and final designs for the indoor environment, based on the

requirements expressed and/or not expressed by the client and stakeholders
3.12
design concept

set of fundamental thoughts for the project starting at the design work stage taking into account the constraints

3.13
design criteria

set of descriptions based on a particular environmental element and the associated system controls used for

assessing the presented design

EXAMPLE Examples of environmental elements are indoor air quality, thermal, acoustical and visual comfort, energy

efficiency and electromagnetic fields
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3.14
design parameters

set values of the internal environmental conditions to be achieved regardless of the changing external

environmental conditions
3.15
design process

course of actions performed to produce a set of design drawings and specifications describing the functions for

which a building has the potential to provide

NOTE Any changes in the building environment design after iterations of decisions and evaluations of the design have been

made must be analysed until the final design stage is achieved.
3.16
detail design

design developed during the third stage of the design process based on the approved evaluation of the schematic

design.
3.17
document

written description of the essential factors of every design stage to be retained for future information

3.18
energy conservation

measures applied to reduce building energy use without seriously influencing the global environment and to

provide the environment that achieves the design criteria
3.19
energy efficiency

measures that ensure the building and system function in accordance with the design parameters by the efficient

use of energy
3.20
evaluation

a sub-process to assess the proposed design with regard to the design criteria at each of the design stages

3.21
final design

the design of the final stage of the design process based on the approved evaluation of the design detail

3.22
global cost

life cycle cost plus social cost for sustainability, all costs related to the measures deemed necessary to ensure the

efficient running of the building, including the energy and other conservation issues that may apply [cf. ISO 15686 -

3.23
indoor air quality

quality of air inside non-industrial buildings, described in terms of odour, chemical and biological pollutants, is

related to the ventilation rate, air distribution patterns and pollution sources to ensure human health, olfactory

comfort and perceived comfort
3.24
life cycle cost

total building costs of or its parts throughout its life, including the costs of planning, design, acquisition, operations,

maintenance and disposal, less any residual value [cf. ISO 15686 -1]
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3.25
Performance criteria

descriptions based on particular environmental elements and associated control systems for assessing the

buildings performance
3.26
project

course of action necessary to ensure that a new or existing building meets the requirements of its clients and the

constraints applied

NOTE A project starts when the client requests formally or informally, the architect or building engineer to perform actions to

create a building. The project ends when the requirements and constraints set by the client or the project regulations are

achieved, or when it is found it is impossible to fulfil the client’s requirements and constraints.

3.27
requirements

important but revisable items required by the client as well as the circumstances of a project that the designer

should take into account throughout the design process

EXAMPLES budget, physical dimensions, performance and general sustainability issues

3.28
schematic design
initial design presented early in the design process based on the design concept
3.29
structure

physical shape, dimensions, and configuration of a building, its parts, or its building service components

3.30
sustainability

maintenance of ecosystem components and functions for future generations, to address economic efficiency, social

issues and environmental preservation
3.31
thermal comfort
condition of mind, which expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment

NOTE Thermal comfort is the combined thermal effect of environmental parameters including air temperature, vapour

pressure, air velocity, mean radiant temperature (fixed factors) and clothing and activity level of occupants (variable factors).

3.32
visual comfort

occupant satisfaction with the indoor visual environment, described in terms of illumination level, glare, visibility,

reflection and psychological and physiological content with natural and artificial illumination

4 Fundamentals
4.1 General

General principles of indoor environment design allow the clients and designers to provide the desired quality of

indoor environment in a sustainable building according to the fundamentals of the design process with energy

conservation and whole life cycle in mind.

The design process aims to ensure efficient environmental building design providing the specified quality and

performance level involving safety, health, comfort, and energy use as well as, sustainability the philosophy, ethics,

and assumptions taken by the people concerned.

The Nine General Principles of Sustainability (NGPS) are defined in ISO 15392:2008. The NGPS consists of:

– continual improvement,
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– equity,
– global thinking,
– holistic approach,
– involvement of interested parties,
– long term consideration,
– precaution and risk,
– responsibility,
– transparency.

Building designers should define the goals based on the requirements, constraints, and actual conditions to be

achieved, integrating the owning and operating costs during the design stage.
4.2 Project information

The available project information that influences the development of design concepts together with constraints and

all requirements shall be documented. When assumptions are made in lieu of necessary information related to the

standards or regulations for building environment design, with respect to the indoor environment, these

assumptions shall be documented. The project information provided by the users of this standard that influence the

programming, development, and/or the design of building components and the building service systems shall also

be documented.
4.3 Framework of generation and verification

Architectural design and building system design are goal-driven activities. The routes necessary to achieve the end

result are not straightforward, and must be flexible. In some instances, the assumptions are made under uncertain

conditions. Hence, the design process involves the iteration of generation and verification. The generation process

is a sub-process where a design solution is synthesized, while the verification process is another sub-process in

which the design solution depends on different design criteria.
4.4 Framework of Documentation at Approval

The evaluation and approval processes shall be documented. The documentation process shall explicitly state

what is to be provided by the project. The evaluation and approval process shall demonstrate the stated goals can

be achieved. Every document provided shall describe what will be achieved and verify if they are actually achieved.

Approval should be obtained at each design stage.

The documents issued during this design process must cover the following questions.

- Is the stated definition adequate and feasible?
- Is the environmental design feasible?

- Is the specified structure expected to satisfy the constraints and requirements?

- Is the building capable of providing the quality and performance required?
4.5 Harmonization of Architectural and System Design

Since architectural design as well as the building system design contributes to the realization of the indoor

environment, the general principles of building environment design should be used to harmonise the architectural

and system design.

The general principles of building environment design should not restrict creative architectural design. These

principles do not predefine the order or precedence of individual tasks in both the architectural and building system

design.
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5 Design process
5.1 Stage I: Formulation of project definition
5.1.1 General

The objective of Stage-I is to clarify the project constraints and requirements. The client defines the buildings

requirements and the constraints are subject to the global environment. The client may not be aware of some of the

constraints necessary for a given building. The designer must provide this important information to the client.

All constraints and requirements shall be explicitly described in Document I. It is necessary to be approved in the

sub-process Evaluation I, that the constraints and requirements are consistent. The approved conditions form the

basis of the building project definition.

The approved constraints and requirements may become variable when unknown conditions exist, even though

they appear consistent at this stage. In this case, the project definition should be revised to restore consistency.

5.1.2 Project definition

A project definition is the process of providing the relevant information for designers and others to define the scope

of the work. The project definition lists the given constraints and cannot be revised, the project requirements, the

theories and assumptions. All of these may not be completely defined at this stage. Some of these could be revised

in response to feedback from later stages of the design process.
5.1.3 Opportunities and constraints

The constraints are the conditions that must be met by the project and the properties of the location of the building.

The conditions may be related to health and safety issues, energy availability, and environmental quality for the

project. The properties of the location include climate, geometry, geography, culture, building codes, etc. The

constraints, in principle, cannot be revised.
5.1.4 Requirements

The requirements describe the quality of indoor environment, budget, schedule, sustainability and other restraints

as well as building performance and its interior spaces required by the parties concerned. Some requirements are

latent and are not explicitly expressed in the initial stages. The requirements may be inconsistent with the

constraints and may not be compatible with the given constraints. In such cases the requirements should be

revised.
5.1.5 Assumptions

The theories form a portion of the assumptions. Any issue that cannot be fully identified found in the course of the

design must be assumed and the designer is to take these into account in the final design decision. The

assumptions that are a set of descriptions of uncertainties that are dealt with in the early design stage will not

create problems at a late stage.
5.1.6 Philosophy, Ethics and Theories

Both the client and the designer may have a philosophy and set ethics concerning building environment in general

terms. They may also rely on ideas related to architectural and environmental design. Philosophy and ethics is a

base to which the target level of each environmental item is determined and the design strategies are planned. A

building is evaluated by different aspects. Clients and designers may wish to decide which aspect they consider to

be critical or less critical on the basis of their own philosophy and ethics. This consideration is possible, provided it

does not violate the environment design criteria. Philosophy and ethics relate to the aspects, which should be

determined on more than the others. The theories also encourage a designer to employ a particular design strategy

and work as the rationale on which the behaviour and functions of a building from its structure are based.

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5.1.7 Output - Document I

Document I has to be issued as an output product of the project definition process and as an explicit description of

the project definition, i.e., the constraints, the requirements, and the assumptions.

5.1.8 Evaluation I

Evaluation I is the process of approving Document I. The consistency of the contents of the constraints, the

requirements, and the assumptions has to be verified in reference to the design criteria. Its feasibility should be

verified to the given requirements under the constraints and the assumptions. The major concern is whether or not

the project definition is adequate and optimal under the given constraints.
5.1.9 Output - Approval of document I

When the evaluation I process succeeds, Approval of Document I has to be issued as an output in order to validate

Document I. Approval of Document I should contain how Document I is evaluated together with the results of the

evaluation. Unless Document I is approved, Stage-II cannot be started.
5.1.10 Iteration

If Document I was not approved, Document I should be revised by iterating from the project definition.

If there is any contradiction in the compilation of the requirements and constraints described in Document I, some

of the requirements should be revised and then iteration started with the revised requirements.

5.2 Stage II –Schematic design
5.2.1 General

The objective of Stage-II is to determine the schematic framework of the building and its environment systems as

requested by the client. Once a design problem is defined, the following processes concentrate on a solution.

Stage-II focuses on the concepts and scheme concerning the building and its environment systems whose

structure will determine the following process, i.e., Stage III.

The framework concerning how the design problem as formalized in the previous step is solved shall be

determined. The framework is expressed in terms of the building scheme, i.e., the zoning, the circulation, and the

prospected use, and the diagrams to describe the building environment systems such as HVAC, lighting, water

service, etc. What building environment systems are employed is determined in this process.

5.2.2 Input - Background

Document I approved in Stage I represents both the input and the background to Stage II.

5.2.3 Output - Document II

Design concept shall be developed in response to Document I and should be outlined in a written narrative.

Document II should be issued as the product of the schematic design process. Document II is the explicit

description of the framework of the building and its environment systems. Document II also explains the rationale of

the framework.

Document II shall be issued as the formal record though the concepts, scheme; the diagrams may be flexible due

to the uncertainties involved.
5.2.3 Evaluation II

The consistency in the framework described in Document II shall be verified in reference to the Design Criteria and

Document I. The fitness of the program and the diagrams shall be verified. The major concern is whether or not the

design is directed on the right track.
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5.2.4 Output – Approval of document II

When the Evaluation II process is successful, Document II shall be approved. Approval of Document II shall include

how Document II was evaluated.

If it is found Document II is inconsistent with the requirements and constraints, Document II shall be revised and

iteration be made from the conceptual design and schematic design process or from the project definition process.

5.2.5 Iteration from conce
...