ASTM C1589-04
(Practice)Standard Practice for Outdoor Weathering of Construction Seals and Sealants
Standard Practice for Outdoor Weathering of Construction Seals and Sealants
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes outdoor exposure procedures used to determine the weathering durability of building construction, seals and sealants.
Note 1—See Practice G 24 for Exposures to Daylight Filtered Through Glass.
1.2 This practice is limited to the method by which the construction seals or sealants are exposed to outdoor weathering as part of a test program. It does not describe the test methods to be performed following the outdoor exposure. It is intended for specimens of any size and shape to be used in static or dynamic tests.
1.3 Means of evaluation of the effects of weathering will depend on the intended use for the test material.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:C1589–04
Standard Practice for
Outdoor Weathering of Construction Seals and Sealants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1589; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope SurfacesExposedtoWettingConditionsasinAtmospheric
Corrosion Testing
1.1 This practice describes outdoor exposure procedures
G 113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial
used to determine the weathering durability of building con-
Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
struction, seals and sealants.
G 141 Guide forAddressingVariability in ExposureTesting
NOTE 1—SeePracticeG 24forExposurestoDaylightFilteredThrough
on Nonmetallic Materials
Glass.
G 147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonme-
1.2 This practice is limited to the method by which the
tallic Materials for Natural andArtificial Weathering Tests
construction seals or sealants are exposed to outdoor weather-
G 178 Practice for Determining theActivation Spectrum of
ing as part of a test program. It does not describe the test
a Material (Wavelength Sensitivity to an Exposure Source)
methods to be performed following the outdoor exposure. It is
Using the Sharp Cut-On Filter or Spectrographic Tech-
intended for specimens of any size and shape to be used in
nique
static or dynamic tests.
3. Terminology
1.3 Means of evaluation of the effects of weathering will
depend on the intended use for the test material.
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are found in Terminologies
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
C 717, G 113, and E 772.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4. Significance and Use
only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Tests conducted in accordance with this practice are
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the used to evaluate the stability of construction seals and sealant
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
materials when they are exposed to outdoor weather condi-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tions. The durability of seals and sealants in actual outdoor use
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. can be very different depending on the location, because of
differencesinsolarradiation,moisture,temperature,pollutants,
2. Referenced Documents
and other factors. Sealant color may also affect durability.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 The type, frequency and amount of movement of
C 717 Terminology of Building Seals and Sealants
sealants varies with location and may affect durability. It
D 1150 (discontinued 1992) Form for Recording Results of
cannot be assumed, therefore, that results from one exposure in
Exposure Tests on Paint
a single location will be useful for determining durability in a
E 772 Terminology Relating to Solar Energy Conversion
different location. Exposures in several locations with different
G 7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure
climates (for example, solar radiation, moisture, temperature,
Testing of Nonmetallic Materials
pollutants, biological and other factors) that represent a broad
G 24 Practice for Conducting Exposures to Daylight Fil-
range of anticipated service conditions are recommended.
tered Through Glass
4.3 It is strongly recommended that control materials with
G 84 Practice for Measurement of Time-of Wetness on
known durability should be included with each exposure test.
Control materials should be exposed along with the test
specimens for the purpose of comparing the performance of
test materials to the controls. It is preferable to use two control
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C24 on Building
materials of similar composition and construction to the test
Seals and Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.20 on
specimens, one with relatively good durability and one with
General Sealants Subcommittee.
Current edition approved February 1, 2004. Published March 2004.
relatively poor durability. Unless otherwise specified, use at
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
least three replicate specimens of each test and control mate-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
rial.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
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C1589–04
4.4 The results of short-term exposure tests can provide an 5.4.2 Instruments Used to Measure Solar Radiation—
indication of relative outdoor performance, but they shall not Instrumentandcalibrationproceduresusedformeasurementof
be used to predict the absolute long-term performance of a seal total solar radiation, total solar ultraviolet radiation, or narrow
or sealant material. The results of tests conducted for less than band solar ultraviolet radiation shall be in accordance with
12 months will depend on the particular season of the year in
Practice G 7.
which they begin.
4.5 Because of year-to-year climatatological variations, re-
6. Preparation of Samples
sults from a single exposure test cannot be used to predict the
6.1 Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for mixing
absolute rate at which a seal or sealant degrades. Several years
and/or preparing materials to be tested.
of repeat exposures are needed to get an average test result for
6.2 It is strongly recommended that control materials and
a given location.
test materials be of the same dimensions.
4.6 Climatic and construction factors can impose movement
uponsealedjointsinuse.Thismovementcanimpacttheeffects
7. Test Specimen
of outdoor weathering. Consideration shall be given to the
effect of movement when analyzing exposure results obtained
7.1 Exposure test specimens may be of any size or shape
on static specimens.
that can be mounted in a fixture, a holder or applied directly to
4.7 When combined with proper provision for natural or
the racks. They may be specimens suited to the means of
forced cyclic movement, this outdoor weathering procedure
evaluating the effects of weathering on specific properties, or
can also be used as an indicator of the ability of a seal or
they may be larger specimens from which smaller specimens
sealant to withstand climate influences and the stresses of
forevaluationmaybecut.Theexposuretestspecimensshallbe
cyclic movement.
large enough that mounting edges may be removed where
evaluation test results would be otherwise affected.
5. Apparatus
7.2 As far as practical, exposure of the test specimens shall
5.1 The test site shall conform to the requirements of
simulate those used in service conditions of an end-use
Practice G 7. Unless otherwise specified, position exposure
application. When conditions of use are known, the specimen
racks 45° relative to horizontal, facing the equator. The angle
exposed will consist of seal or sealant material being evaluated
of exposure rack, and the orientation relative to the equator can
plus suitable substrate or installation materials to conform to
vary depending upon the application and performance criteria
the projected practice. The effect of substrate or installation
that are being evaluated. Consult Practice G 7 for information
materials is highly significant and contributes to the degrada-
on other exposure rack angles.
tion due to reflectance, heat absorption, moisture retention, etc.
5.2 Specimen Holders:
7.3 The use of replicates of each experimental material
5.2.1 The specimens for most static tests under test will not
being evaluated is required in order to allow for variability.
be of an exact size for mounting directly onto the frame.
Specimen holders shall be used to support the many sizes of
7.4 The total number of specimens will be determined by
specimens involved in this testing. In no case shall the the removal schedule and number of replicates plus file
specimen holder constitute a backing for that portion of the
specimens.These unexposed file specimens shall be retained at
material to be evaluated. conditions of 23.0 6 2°C and 50 6 20 % relative humidity.
5.2.2 The specimen holders shall be constructed of a mate-
They shall be covered with inert opaque wrapping to exclude
rial agreed upon by the mutual parties. Aluminum panels, light during the storage period. Refer to Practice G 147 for
glass, and marble shapes have been found suitable for static
more information on specimen handling and conditioning.
exposures.
5.2.3 The design of the specimen holders intended to induce
8. Test Sites
or allow for cyclic movement (for example, testing rigs,
8.1 Weathering racks shall be located in cleared areas,
manually adjusted vices, and fully automatic mechanical de-
preferably at a suitable number of climatologically different
vises) shall be agreed upon by the mutual parties.
sites representing the variable conditions under which the
5.3 Materials and Manner of Construction—Test racks and
construction seal or sealant will be used. Climatological
hardwareshallconformtotherequirementsofPracticeG 7and
variations within these areas may include those represented by
shall provide for the attachment of specimens or holders of any
desert, seashore (salt air), industrial locations, tropical, and
convenient width and length. The structural members of the
subtropical regions, plus areas exhibiting a wide range of in
test racks shall not constitute a backing to the specimens under
solar radiant energy.The area beneath and in the vicinity of the
test. Fasteners used to attach specimens to the test rack shall
weathering racks shall be typical of the ground cover in that
provide for secure attachment but allow specimens to expand
climatological area. In desert areas in which sand is the
or contract with
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