ASTM D4989/D4989M-90a(2014)e1

Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity (Flow) of Roofing Bitumens Using the Parallel Plate Plastometer

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of apparent viscosity of roofing bitumen by means of a parallel plate plastometer. This test method is applicable for a viscosity range from 102  to 109 Pa·s [103  to 1010  poises]. See Note 1. Note 1—This relatively simple test method of measuring viscosity uses pre-determined arbitrary shear stress levels. Since roofing bitumens are non-Newtonian, other viscosity test methods may give different results.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2008
• ICS: 91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
• Technical Committee: D08 - Roofing and Waterproofing
• Drafting Committee: D08.03 - Surfacing and Bituminous Materials for Membrane Waterproofing and Built-up Roofing

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D4989/D4989M −90a (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Viscosity (Flow) of Roofing Bitumens Using the
Parallel Plate Plastometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4989/D4989M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Units information was editorially corrected in January 2014.
1. Scope Plate Viscometer (Withdrawn 2000)
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of apparent
3. Terminology
viscosity of roofing bitumen by means of a parallel plate
3.1 Definitions—See definitions of viscosity given in Test
plastometer.Thistestmethodisapplicableforaviscosityrange
2 9 3 10
Methods D2171 and D3205.
from 10 to 10 Pa·s [10 to 10 poises]. See Note 1.
NOTE1—Thisrelativelysimpletestmethodofmeasuringviscosityuses
4. Summary of Test Method
pre-determined arbitrary shear stress levels. Since roofing bitumens are
4.1 The sample is molded into a disc of specified
non-Newtonian, other viscosity test methods may give different results.
dimensions,heatedtotheselectedtemperature,placedbetween
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
the plates of the pre-heated apparatus and pressed under
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
standard conditions for a measured time. The apparent viscos-
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
ity is calculated from the final diameter of the pressed
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
specimen disc.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard.
5. Apparatus
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Parallel Plate Plastometer—A modified form of Wil-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
liams’ plastometer as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Mass of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Platen A is 5000 6 50 g [11.02 6 0.11 lb].
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.2 Ring Molds, with an inside diameter of 25.40 6 0.01
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mm [1.0000 6 0.0025 in.] and a height of 12.70 6 0.01 mm
[0.5000 6 0.0025 in.] cut from copper or brass tubing.
2. Referenced Documents
5.3 Constant Temperature Oven, capable of maintaining test
2.1 ASTM Standards:
temperature within 60.1°C [60.2°F].
D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
D312 Specification for Asphalt Used in Roofing
5.4 Scale, linearly graduated in millimetres over at least 150
D450 Specification for Coal-Tar Pitch Used in Roofing,
mm [6 in.] and accurate to 60.5 mm [60.02 in.].
Dampproofing, and Waterproofing
D2171 Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum 6. Sampling
Capillary Viscometer
6.1 Sample the material to be tested in accordance with
D3205 Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalt with Cone and
Practice D140.
7. Test Specimens
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing
7.1 Prepare two molds by coating with a pasty mixture of
and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.03 on
talc in glycerine as a mold release agent. Coat all surfaces of
Surfacing and Bituminous Materials for Membrane Waterproofing and Built-up
Roofing.
each mold by brushing or applying the paste with a finger tip.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014. Published January 2014. Originally
Place the rings on a brass or aluminum plate coated with the
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4989 – 90a (2008).
release agent.
DOI: 10.1520/D4989_D4989M-90AR14E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
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D4989/D4989M−90a (2014)
8.3 At the end of the test period, lift the upper platen
immediately and remove the specimen sandwich from the
apparatus and the oven. Allow the specimen to cool on a flat
surface for at least 30 min.
8.4 Measure the final diameter of the specimen disc at five
locations chosen at random and record to the nearest 0.5 mm.
Record the test temperature to the nearest 0.1°C [0.2°F], and
the time under load in minutes.
9. Calculation
9.1 Calculate the average final diameter of the specimen
FIG. 1 Plastometer With Platens in Open and Closed Positions disc from the five measurements recorded.
9.2 Calculate the average apparent viscosity as follows:
18 10
3.60 310 t 2.08 310 t
7.2 Bring the sample to pouring temperature by heating in
Pa·s 5 ; viscosity, cps 5 (1)
S D
8 8
~d! d
an oven for not more than 30 min. Heat the sample with care
to prevent local overheating, stirring until it has become
where:
sufficiently fluid to pour readily. Avoid incorporating air
t = time interval of the test in minutes, and
bubbles in the sample. Pour the heated sample into the ring
d = final average diameter of the specimen in inches [mil-
mol
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