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ASTM B809-95(2003)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Porosity in Metallic Coatings by Humid Sulfur Vapor ("Flowers-of-Sulfur")

Standard Test Method for Porosity in Metallic Coatings by Humid Sulfur Vapor ("Flowers-of-Sulfur")

SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers equipment and test methods for determining the porosity of metallic coatings, where the pores penetrate down to a silver, copper, or copper-alloy substrate.
1.2 This test method is suitable for coatings consisting of single or combined layers of any coating that does not significantly tarnish in a reduced sulfur atmosphere, such as gold, nickel, tin, tin-lead, and palladium, or their alloys.
1.3 This test method is designed to determine whether the porosity level is less than or greater than some value which by experience is considered by the user to be acceptable for the intended application.
1.4 Recent reviews of porosity testing and testing methods can be found in the literature. Guide B 765 is suitable to assist in the selection of porosity tests for electrodeposits and related metallic coatings. Other porosity test standards are Test Methods B 735, B 741, B 798, and B 799.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 8.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Feb-2003
ICS
25.220.40 - Metallic coatings
Technical Committee
B08 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
Drafting Committee
B08.10 - Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM B809-95 - Standard Test Method for Porosity in Metallic Coatings by Humid Sulfur Vapor ("Flowers-of-Sulfur")
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Replaced By
ASTM B809-95(2008) - Standard Test Method for Porosity in Metallic Coatings by Humid Sulfur Vapor ("Flowers-of-Sulfur")
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008
Referred By
ASTM B605-22 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Tin-Nickel Alloy
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM B798-95(2020) - Standard Test Method for Porosity in Gold or Palladium Coatings on Metal Substrates by Gel-Bulk Electrography
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM B679-98(2021) - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Palladium for Engineering Use
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM B735-16(2022) - Standard Test Method for Porosity in Gold Coatings on Metal Substrates by Nitric Acid Vapor
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM B867-95(2018) - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Palladium-Nickel for Engineering Use
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM B984-12(2020)e1 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Palladium-Cobalt Alloy for Engineering Use
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM B920-16(2022) - Standard Practice for Porosity in Gold and Palladium Alloy Coatings on Metal Substrates by Vapors of Sodium Hypochlorite Solution
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM B866-95(2018) - Standard Test Method for Gross Defects and Mechanical Damage in Metallic Coatings by Polysulfide Immersion
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM B799-95(2020) - Standard Test Method for Porosity in Gold and Palladium Coatings by Sulfurous Acid/Sulfur-Dioxide Vapor
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM B877-96(2018) - Standard Test Method for Gross Defects and Mechanical Damage in Metallic Coatings by the Phosphomolybdic Acid (PMA) Method
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM B545-22 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Tin
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM B765-03(2018) - Standard Guide for Selection of Porosity and Gross Defect Tests for Electrodeposits and Related Metallic Coatings
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM B488-18 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003

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ASTM B809-95(2003) - Standard Test Method for Porosity in Metallic Coatings by Humid Sulfur Vapor ("Flowers-of-Sulfur")ASTM B809-95(2003) - Standard Test Method for Porosity in Metallic Coatings by Humid Sulfur Vapor ("Flowers-of-Sulfur")
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ASTM B809-95(2003) - Standard Test Method for Porosity in Metallic Coatings by Humid Sulfur Vapor ("Flowers-of-Sulfur")
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:B809–95 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Method for
Porosity in Metallic Coatings by Humid Sulfur Vapor
1
(“Flowers-of-Sulfur”)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 809; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope B 735 Test Method for Porosity in Gold Coatings on Metal
5
Substrates by Nitric Acid Vapor
1.1 This standard covers equipment and test methods for
B 741 Test Method for Porosity in Gold Coatings on Metal
determining the porosity of metallic coatings, where the pores
5
Substrates by Paper Electrography
penetrate down to a silver, copper, or copper-alloy substrate.
B 765 Guide for Selection of Porosity Tests for Electrode-
1.2 This test method is suitable for coatings consisting of
4
posits and Related Metallic Coatings
single or combined layers of any coating that does not
B 798 Test Method for Porosity in Gold or Palladium
significantly tarnish in a reduced sulfur atmosphere, such as
5
Coatings on Metal Substrates by Gel-Bulk Electrography
gold, nickel, tin, tin-lead, and palladium, or their alloys.
B 799 Test Method for Porosity in Gold and Palladium
1.3 This test method is designed to determine whether the
5
Coatings by Sulfurous Acid/Sulfur-Dioxide Vapor
porosity level is less than or greater than some value which by
experience is considered by the user to be acceptable for the
3. Terminology
intended application.
3.1 Definitions—Many terms used in this test method are
1.4 Recent reviews of porosity testing and testing methods
,
2 3 defined in Terminologies B 374 and B 542.
can be found in the literature. Guide B 765 is suitable to
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
assist in the selection of porosity tests for electrodeposits and
3.2.1 corrosion products—reaction products of the basis
related metallic coatings. Other porosity test standards are Test
metal or underplate, that protrude from, or are otherwise
Methods B 735, B 741, B 798, and B 799.
attached to, the coating surface after the test exposure.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2.2 measurement area—in this test method,thatportionor
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
portions of the surface that is examined for the presence of
only.
porosity. The measurement area shall be indicated on the
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
drawings of the parts, or by the provision of suitably marked
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
samples.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.3 metallic coatings—in this test method, include plat-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ings, claddings, or other metallic coatings applied to the
bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.Forspecifichazards
substrate. The coating can comprise a single metallic layer or
statements, see Section 8.
a combination of metallic layers.
2. Referenced Documents 3.2.4 porosity—the presence of any discontinuity, crack, or
hole in the coating that exposes a different underlying metal
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4 (see Guide B 765).
B 374 Terminology Relating to Electroplating
3.2.5 significant surface— of a coated part, is that portion
B 542 Terminology Relating to Electrical Contacts and
5 (or portions) of the coating surface that is essential to the
Their Use
serviceability or function of the part, or which can be the
source of corrosion products or tarnish films that interfere with
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B08 on Metallic
the function of the part. For many plated products, the critical
and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.10 on
surface is identical to the measurement area.
Test Methods.
3.2.6 tarnish—reaction products of copper or silver with
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originally
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as B 809 – 95.
oxygen or reduced sulfur (that is, hydrogen sulfide (H S) and
2
2
Clarke, M., “Porosity and Porosity Tests,” Properties of Electrodeposits, Sard,
elemental sulfur vapor, but not sulfur dioxide (SO ) or other
2
Leidheiser, and Ogburn, eds., The Electrochemical Society, 1975, p. 122.
3 sulfur oxides). They consist of thin films or spots that do not
Krumbein, S. J., “Porosity Testing of Contact Platings,” Transactions of the
Connectors and Interconnection Technology Symposium, Philadelphia, PA, October protrude significantly from the surface of the metallic coating
1987, p. 47.
(in contrast to corrosion products).
4
Annual Book of
...

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1.2 Electroplating of nickel for engineering applications (Note 1) requires technical considerations significantly different from decorative applications because the following functional properties are important:  
1.2.1 Hardness, strength, and ductility,  
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1.2.5 Heat scaling resistance,  
1.2.6 Fretting resistance, and  
1.2.7 Fatigue resistance.  
Note 1: Functional electroplated nickel coatings usually contain about 99 % nickel, and are most frequently electrodeposited from a Watts nickel bath or a nickel sulfamate bath. Typical mechanical properties of nickel electroplated from these baths, and the combined effect of bath operation and solution composition variables on the mechanical properties of the electrodeposit are given in Guide B832. When electroplated nickel is required to have higher hardnesses, greater wear resistance, certain residual stress values and certain leveling characteristics, sulfur and other substances are incorporated in the nickel deposit through the use of certain addition agents in the electroplating solution. For the effect of such additives, see Section 4 and Annex A3. Cobalt salts are sometimes added to the plating solution to produce harder nickel alloy deposits.  
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1.2 Test Methods E8 can be used if the coatings are too ductile and require mandrels too small to be practical.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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