ASTM B498/B498M-08(2016)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Core Wire for Use in Overhead Electrical Conductors
Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Core Wire for Use in Overhead Electrical Conductors
ABSTRACT
This specification covers round, zinc-coated (galvanized), steel core wire with three classes of zinc coating used for mechanical reinforcement in the manufacture of aluminum conductors, steel-reinforced (ACSR). The wire is furnished in three classes of coating, namely: Class A, Class B, and Class C. The base metal shall be steel produced by the open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen process. The wire shall be cold drawn and coated with zinc to produce the desired properties and the the slab zinc used for coating shall be high-grade or better. The steel shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon, as determined by chemical analysis. The following tests shall be performed: (1) tensile test to determine the mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength, elongation, and stress at extension, (2) wrap test, (3) coating test to determine conformity to the specified diameter and area density requirements, and (4) coating adherence test. Requirements for joints which may be made by electric butt-weld or flash-welding are detailed. The density and resistivity of galvanized steel wire are prescribed for the purposes of calculating mass per unit length, cross-sections, and so forth.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers round, zinc-coated, steel core wire with two classes of zinc coating for use in overhead electrical conductors.
1.2 This specification covers wire of diameter from 0.0500 to 0.1900 in. or 1.27 to 4.82 mm, inclusive.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
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Designation:B498/B498M −08 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Specification for
Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Core Wire for Use in
Overhead Electrical Conductors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B498/B498M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 lot—unless otherwise specified in the contract or
order, a lot shall consist of all coils of wire of the same
1.1 This specification covers round, zinc-coated, steel core
diameter and unit lengths submitted for inspection at the same
wire with two classes of zinc coating for use in overhead
time.
electrical conductors.
3.1.2 product code—Defines product coating type, coating
1.2 This specification covers wire of diameter from 0.0500
class and strength grade. Two product codes for product
to 0.1900 in. or 1.27 to 4.82 mm, inclusive.
produced to this specification: Class A Zinc Coated (Code
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
GA2); and Class C Zinc Coated (Code GC2).
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
4. Classification
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
4.1 The wire is furnished in two classes of coating, ClassA
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
or Class C, as specified, in conformance with the requirements
with the standard.
of Section 10 and Table 6 or Table 7.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Ordering Information
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on date
5.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
of material purchase form a part of this specification to the
extent referenced herein. the following information:
2 5.1.1 Quantity of each size,
2.2 ASTM Standards:
5.1.2 Wire diameter in inches or millimeters (Section 14),
A90/A90M Test Method for Weight [Mass] of Coating on
5.1.3 Product Code (see 3.1.2 and 4.1),
Iron and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zinc-Alloy Coatings
5.1.4 Certification, if required (Section 19),
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
5.1.5 Test report, if required (Section 19), and
of Steel Products
5.1.6 Package size (Section 20).
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
5.1.7 Order Example: Five multiple lengths of 12 000 ft.
cal Analysis of Steel Products
each, 0.1327 in. GA2 wire, packaged onto wooden nonreturn-
B6 Specification for Zinc
able reels, with certified test report.
B193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor
Materials
6. Materials and Manufacture
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications 6.1 The base metal shall be steel produced by the open-
hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen process.
3. Terminology
6.2 The wire shall be cold drawn and coated with zinc to
3.1 Definitions:
produce the desired properties.
6.3 The slab zinc used for coating shall be high-grade or
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B01 on
better, conforming to Specification B6.
Electrical Conductors and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B01.05 on
Conductors of Ferrous Metals.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originally 7. Chemical Composition
published as B498 – 69 to replace B245 and B261. Last previous edition approved
7.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements prescribed
in 2008 as B498/B498M – 08. DOI: 10.1520/B0498_B0498M-08R16.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or in Table 1.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
7.2 Chemical analysis shall be conducted in accordance
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B498/B498M−08 (2016)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
specimen containing the welded section shall not be less than
Element Composition, % 96 % of the specified minimum stress at 1 % extension.
Carbon 0.50 to 0.88
12.4 A welded section shall not be required to meet the
Manganese 0.50 to 1.10
Phosphorus, max 0.035 stress at 1 % extension, elongation, and wrap tests.
Sulfur, max 0.045
Silicon 0.10 to 0.35
13. Density and Resistivity
13.1 For the purposes of calculating mass per unit length,
cross-sections, and so forth, the density of galvanized steel
3 3
8. Tensile Test wire at 20°C shall be taken as 0.281 lb/in. (7780 kg/m ).
8.1 The zinc-coated steel core wire shall conform to the
13.2 A maximum resistivity of galvanized steel wire is not
tensile and elongation requirements prescribed in Table 2 or
guaranteed, but a typical value of 0.191 57Ω·mm /m may be
Table 3.
used for purposes of calculation. For conversion to other units
of conductivity or resistivity, refer to Test Method B193.
8.2 Tensile tests shall be conducted in accordance with Test
Methods and Definitions A370, using the initial settings for
14. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
determining stress at 1 % extension given in Table 4 or Table
5 of this specification.
14.1 The specified diameter of the zinc-coated wire shall be
expressed in decimal fractions of an inch to four decimal
8.3 Test Specimens—The test specimens shall be free of
bendsorkinksotherthanthecurvatureresultingfromtheusual places, or in millimeters to two decimal places.
coiling operations.Any hand straightening necessary to permit
14.2 TodeterminetheapplicabletolerancerangefromTable
insertion of the specimen in the jaws of the testing machine
10 or Table 11, round the specified diameter to the nearest
shall be performed by drawing between wood blocks or by
0.001in.(0.01mm)inaccordancewiththeroundingmethodof
some other equally satisfactory means.
Practice E29.
9. Wrap Test
14.3 Measure the largest and smallest diameter taken at the
same cross section rounded to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.01 mm)
9.1 The material, as represented by the test specimens, shall
in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.
not fracture when the galvanized wire is wrapped at a rate not
Calculate the average of the two measurements.The calculated
exceeding 15 turns/min in a close helix of at least eight turns
value shall not differ from the specified diameter by more than
around a cylindrical mandrel with a diameter equal to two
the applicable tolerance range shown in Table 10 or Table 11.
times the specified diameter of the wire under test, 65%.
15. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
10. Coating Test
10.1 The material, as represented by the test specimens,
15.1 The zinc coating shall be reasonably smooth,
shall conform to the coating requirements of Table 6 or Table continuous, of reasonably uniform thickness, and free from
7. for the diameter and class of coating specified.
imperfections not consistent with good commercial practice.
10.2 The coating test shall be conducted in accordance with
16. Number of Tests and Retests
Test Method A90/A90M.
16.1 One test specimen shall be taken from each 5000 lbs or
11. Adherence of Coating Test
2500 kg, or fraction, thereof, in the inspection lot.
11.1 The zinc-coated wire shall be capable of being
16.2 Each specimen shall be tested for compliance with
wrapped in a close helix at a rate not exceeding 15 turns/min
Sections 8, 9, 11, and 14. At least half of the specimens shall
aroundacylindricalmandrelhavingadiameterasprescribedin
be tested for compliance with Section 10.
Table 8 or Table 9, without cracking or flaking the zinc coating
16.3 Should one or more of the test specimens fail any of
to such an extent that any zinc can be removed by rubbing with
the bare fingers. the tests specified, the nonconforming coil or coils may be
removed and the balance of the lot subjected to retests. For
NOTE 1—Loosening or detachment during the adhesion test of
retest purposes, two additional coils for each 5000 lbs or 2500
superficial, small particles of Zinc formed by mechanical polishing of the
kg in the lot shall be sampled and tested for the property in
surface of the coated wire shall not be considered cause for rejection.
which the original sample failed to comply.
12. Joints
16.4 Should any of the retest specimens fail to meet the
12.1 No joints shall be made in the finished wire.
properties specified, the lot represented by the test specimens
shall be rejected.
12.2 Joints may be made at any stage of processing before
final cold drawing by the
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B498/B498M − 08 B498/B498M − 08 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Specification for
Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Core Wire for Use in
Overhead Electrical Conductors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B498/B498M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This specification covers round, zinc-coated, steel core wire with two classes of zinc coating for use in overhead electrical
conductors.
1.2 This specification covers wire of diameter from 0.0500 to 0.1900 in. or 1.27 to 4.82 mm, inclusive.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on date of material purchase form a part of this specification to the extent
referenced herein.
2.2 ASTM Standards:
A90/A90M Test Method for Weight [Mass] of Coating on Iron and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zinc-Alloy Coatings
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
B6 Specification for Zinc
B193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 lot—unless otherwise specified in the contract or order, a lot shall consist of all coils of wire of the same diameter and
unit lengths submitted for inspection at the same time.
3.1.2 Product Code—product code—Defines product coating type, coating class and strength grade. Two product codes for
product produced to this specification: Class A Zinc Coated (Code GA2); and Class C Zinc Coated (Code GC2).
4. Classification
4.1 The wire is furnished in two classes of coating, Class A or Class C, as specified, in conformance with the requirements of
Section 10 and Table 6 or Table 7.
5. Ordering Information
5.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include the following information:
5.1.1 Quantity of each size,
5.1.2 Wire diameter in inches or millimeters (Section 14),
5.1.3 Product Code (see 3.1.2 and 4.1),
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B01 on Electrical Conductors and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B01.05 on Conductors
of Ferrous Metals.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008Oct. 1, 2016. Published December 2008October 2016. Originally published as B498 – 69 to replace B245 and B261. Last previous
edition approved in 20022008 as B498/B498M – 98B498/B498M – 08. (2002). DOI: 10.1520/B0498_B0498M-08.10.1520/B0498_B0498M-08R16.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B498/B498M − 08 (2016)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Element Composition, %
Carbon 0.50 to 0.88
Manganese 0.50 to 1.10
Phosphorus, max 0.035
Sulfur, max 0.045
Silicon 0.10 to 0.35
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Element Composition, %
Carbon 0.50 to 0.88
Manganese 0.50 to 1.10
Phosphorus, max 0.035
Sulfur, max 0.045
Silicon 0.10 to 0.35
5.1.4 Certification, if required (Section 19),
5.1.5 Test report, if required (Section 19), and
5.1.6 Package size (Section 20).
5.1.7 Order Example: Five multiple lengths of 12 000 ft. each, 0.1327 in. GA2 wire, packaged onto wooden nonreturnable reels,
with certified test report.
6. Materials and Manufacture
6.1 The base metal shall be steel produced by the open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen process.
6.2 The wire shall be cold drawn and coated with zinc to produce the desired properties.
6.3 The slab zinc used for coating shall be high-grade or better, conforming to Specification B6.
7. Chemical Composition
7.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.
7.2 Chemical analysis shall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.
8. Tensile Test
8.1 The zinc-coated steel core wire shall conform to the tensile and elongation requirements prescribed in Table 2 or Table 3.
8.2 Tensile tests shall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370, using the initial settings for
determining stress at 1 % extension given in Table 4 or Table 5 of this specification.
8.3 Test Specimens—The test specimens shall be free of bends or kinks other than the curvature resulting from the usual coiling
operations. Any hand straightening necessary to permit insertion of the specimen in the jaws of the testing machine shall be
performed by drawing between wood blocks or by some other equally satisfactory means.
9. Wrap Test
9.1 The material, as represented by the test specimens, shall not fracture when the galvanized wire is wrapped at a rate not
exceeding 15 turns/min in a close helix of at least eight turns around a cylindrical mandrel with a diameter equal to two times the
specified diameter of the wire under test, 65 %.
10. Coating Test
10.1 The material, as represented by the test specimens, shall conform to the coating requirements of Table 6 or Table 7. for
the diameter and class of coating specified.
10.2 The coating test shall be conducted in accordance with Test Method A90/A90M.
11. Adherence of Coating Test
11.1 The zinc-coated wire shall be capable of being wrapped in a close helix at a rate not exceeding 15 turns/min around a
cylindrical mandrel having a diameter as prescribed in Table 8 or Table 9, without cracking or flaking the zinc coating to such an
extent that any zinc can be removed by rubbing with the bare fingers.
NOTE 1—Loosening or detachment during the adhesion test of superficial, small particles of Zinc formed by mechanical polishing of the surface of
the coated wire shall not be considered cause for rejection.
B498/B498M − 08 (2016)
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
Stress at 1 % Extension, min, Kpsi Ultimate Tensile Strength, min, Kpsi Elongation in 10 in., min, %
Specified
Class Class Class Class Class Class
Diameter, in.
A C A C A C
Stress at 1 % Extension, min, Kpsi Ultimate Tensile Strength, min, Kpsi Elongation in 10 in., min, %
Specified
Class Class Class Class Class Class
Diameter, in.
A C A C A C
0.0500 to 0.0899, 190 170 210 190 3.0 3.0
incl
0.0900 to 0.1199, 185 165 205 185 3.5 3.0
incl
0.1200 to 0.1399, 180 160 205 185 4.0 3.0
incl
0.1400 to 0.1900, 170 155 200 180 4.0 4.0
incl
TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements (Metric)
Stress at 1 % Extension, min, MPa Ultimate Tensile Strength, min, Elongation in 250 mm, min, %
MPa
Specified Diameter, mm
Class Class Class Class Class Class
A C A C A C
Stress at 1 % Extension, min, MPa Ultimate Tensile Strength, min, Elongation in 250 mm, min, %
MPa
Specified Diameter, mm
Class Class Class Class Class Class
A C A C A C
1.27 to 2.28, incl 1310 1170 1450 1310 3.0 3.0
2.29 to 3.04, incl 1280 1140 1410 1280 3.5 3.0
3.05 to 3.55, incl 1240 1100 1410 1280 4.0 3.0
3.56 to 4.82, incl 1170 1070 1380 1240 4.0 4.0
TABLE 4 Initial Settings for Determining Stress at 1 % Extension
Specified Diameter, Initial Stress, Initial Setting of Extensometer,
in. Kpsi in./ in.
Specified Diameter, Initial Stress, Initial Setting of Extensometer,
in. Kpsi in./ in.
0.0500 to 0.0899, incl 14 0.0005 (0.05 % extension)
0.0900 to 0.1199, incl 28 0.0010 (0.10 % extension)
0.1200 to 0.1900, incl 42 0.0015 (0.15 % extension)
TABLE 5 Initial Settings for Determining Stress at 1 % Extension
(Metric)
Specified Diameter, Initial Stress, Initial Setting of Extensometer,
mm MPa mm/mm
Specified Diameter, Initial Stress, Initial Setting of Extensometer,
mm MPa mm/mm
1.27 to 2.28, incl 100 0.0005 (0.05 % extension)
2.29 to 3.04, incl 190 0.0010 (0.10 % extension)
3.05 to 4.82, incl 290 0.0015 (0.15 % extension)
12. Joints
12.1 No joints shall be made in the finished wire.
12.2 Joints may be made at any stage of processing before final cold drawing by the electric butt-weld or flash-welding process.
12.3 Welding equipment and procedure shall be such that it can be demonstrated that the tensile strength of a finished wire
specimen containing the welded section shall not be less than 96 % of the specified minimum stress at 1 % extension.
12.4 A welded section shall not be required to meet the stress at 1 % extension, elongation, and wrap tests.
13. Density and Resistivity
13.1 For the purposes of calculating mass per unit length, cross-sections, and so forth, the density of galvanized steel wire at
3 3
20°C shall be taken as 0.281 lb/in. (7780 kg/m ).
13.2 A maximum resistivity of galvanized steel wire is not guaranteed, but a typical value of 0.191 57 Ω·mm /m may be used
for purposes of calculation. For conversion to other units of conductivity or resistivity, refer to Test Method B193.
B498/B498M − 08 (2016)
TABLE 6 Zinc Coating
Area Density of Coating, min, of
Specified Diameter of Coated 2
Uncoated Wire Surface, oz/ft
Wire, in.
Class A Class C
Area Density of Coating,
...
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