ASTM A691-98(2007)

Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe, Electric-Fusion-Welded for High-Pressure Service at High Temperatures

ABSTRACT
This specification covers carbon and alloy steel pipe, electric-fusion-welded with filler metal added, fabricated from pressure-vessel-quality plate of several analyses and strength levels and suitable for high-pressure service at high temperatures. Heat treatment may or may not be required to attain the desired mechanical properties. The pipes are classified according to steel grades and are designated in classes according to the type of heat treatment performed in the pipe manufacture, whether the weld is radiographically examined, and whether the pipe has been pressure tested. The steel welds shall be made either manually or automatically by an electric process involving the deposition of filler metal. The welded joints shall have positive reinforcement at the center of each side of the weld. The contour of this reinforcement shall be smooth, and the deposited metal shall be fused smoothly and uniformly into the plate surface. The joints shall undergo tension, bend and pressure tests. Unacceptable surface imperfections shall be removed by grinding or machining. The depression after grinding or machining shall be blended uniformly into the surrounding surface. Repair of weld and base metal defects shall be done by welding.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers carbon and alloy steel pipe, electric-fusion-welded with filler metal added, fabricated from pressure-vessel-quality plate of several analyses and strength levels and suitable for high-pressure service at high temperatures. Heat treatment may or may not be required to attain the desired mechanical properties or to comply with applicable code requirements. Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or examination is desired.  
1.2 The specification nominally covers pipe 16 in. (405 mm) in outside diameter and larger with wall thicknesses up to 3 in. (75 mm) inclusive. Pipe having other dimensions may be furnished provided it complies with all other requirements of this specification.  
1.3 Several grades and classes of pipe are provided.  
1.3.1 Grade designates the type of plate used as listed in Table 1.  
1.3.2 Class designates the type of heat treatment performed in the manufacture of the pipe, whether the weld is radiographically examined, and whether the pipe has been pressure tested as listed in 1.3.3.
1.3.3 Class designations are as follows (Note 1): Class
  Heat Treatment on Pipe
  Radiography, see Section
  Pressure Test, see Section
      10nonenonenone 11none9none 12none98.3 13nonenone8.3 20 stress relieved, see 5.3.1none none  21stress relieved, see 5.3.19none  22 stress relieved, see 5.3.198.3 23 stress relieved, see 5.3.1none 8.3 30normalized, see 5.3.2 none none 31normalized, see 5.3.29none  32normalized, see 5.3.298.3 33normalized, see 5.3.2 none 8.3 40normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3none none 41 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.39none  42 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.398.3 43 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3none 8.3 50 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4none none  51quenched and tempered, see 5.3.49none 52 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.498.3 53 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4none 8.3
Note 1—Selection of materials should be made with attention to temperature of service. For such guidance, Specification A 20/A 20M may be consulted.  
1.4 Optional requirements of a supplementary nature are provided, calling for additional tests and control of repair welding, when desired.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2007
• ICS: 23.040.10 - Iron and steel pipes
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.09 - Carbon Steel Tubular Products

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A691-98(2002) - Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe, Electric-Fusion-Welded for High-Pressure Service at High Temperatures
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Referred By: ASTM A139/A139M-22 - Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded Steel Pipe (NPS 4 and Over)
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A691 – 98 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Specification for
Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe, Electric-Fusion-Welded for
High-Pressure Service at High Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A691; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
Radiography, Pressure Test,
Class Heat Treatment on Pipe see Section see Section
1.1 This specification covers carbon and alloy steel pipe,
electric-fusion-welded with filler metal added, fabricated from
42 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 9 8.3
43 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 none 8.3
pressure-vessel-quality plate of several analyses and strength
50 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 none none
levels and suitable for high-pressure service at high tempera-
51 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 9 none
tures. Heat treatment may or may not be required to attain the
52 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 9 8.3
53 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 none 8.3
desired mechanical properties or to comply with applicable
code requirements. Supplementary requirements are provided
for use when additional testing or examination is desired.
NOTE 1—Selection of materials should be made with attention to
1.2 The specification nominally covers pipe 16 in. (405
temperature of service. For such guidance, SpecificationA20/A20M may
be consulted.
mm)inoutsidediameterandlargerwithwallthicknessesupto
3 in. (75 mm) inclusive. Pipe having other dimensions may be
1.4 Optional requirements of a supplementary nature are
furnished provided it complies with all other requirements of
provided, calling for additional tests and control of repair
this specification.
welding, when desired.
1.3 Several grades and classes of pipe are provided.
1.5 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
1.3.1 Grade designates the type of plate used as listed in
as the standard.
Table 1.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3.2 Class designatesthetypeofheattreatmentperformed
in the manufacture of the pipe, whether the weld is radio-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
graphically examined, and whether the pipe has been pressure
A20/A20M Specification for General Requirements for
tested as listed in 1.3.3.
Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels
1.3.3 Class designations are as follows (Note 1):
A204/A204M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Al-
Radiography, Pressure Test,
loy Steel, Molybdenum
Class Heat Treatment on Pipe see Section see Section
A299/A299M Specification for PressureVessel Plates, Car-
bon Steel, Manganese-Silicon
10 none none none
11 none 9 none
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
12 none 98.3
of Steel Products
13 none none 8.3
A387/A387M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Al-
20 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 none none
21 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 9 none
loy Steel, Chromium-Molybdenum
22 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 9 8.3
A435/A435M Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic
23 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 none 8.3
30 normalized, see 5.3.2 none none Examination of Steel Plates
31 normalized, see 5.3.2 9 none
A530/A530M Specification for General Requirements for
32 normalized, see 5.3.2 9 8.3
Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe
33 normalized, see 5.3.2 none 8.3
A537/A537M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates,
40 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 none none
41 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 9 none
Heat-Treated, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon Steel
E165 PracticeforLiquidPenetrantExaminationforGeneral
Industry
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel,
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally
approvedin1974.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2002asA691–98(2002).DOI:
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/A0691-98R07.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
cation SA-691 in Section II of that Code.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A691 – 98 (2007)
TABLE 1 Plate Materials
A
ASTM Specification HB, max
Pipe Grade Type of Steel
Number Grade
CM-65 carbon-molybdenum steel A204/A204M A 201
CM-70 carbon-molybdenum steel A204/A204M B 201
CM-75 carbon-molybdenum steel A204/A204M C 201
CMSH-70 carbon-manganese-silicon steel, normalized A537/A537M 1
CMS-75 carbon-manganese-silicon steel A299/A299M . .
CMSH-80 carbon-manganese-silicon steel, quenched and tempered A537/A537M 2
1 1 1
⁄2 CR ⁄2 % chromium, ⁄2 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 2 201
1CR 1 % chromium, ⁄2 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 12 201
1 1 1
1 ⁄4 CR 1 ⁄4 % chromium, ⁄2 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 11 201
1 1
2 ⁄4 CR 2 ⁄4 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 22 201
3CR 3 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 21 201
5CR 5 % chromium, ⁄2 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 5 225
9CR 9 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 9 241
91 9 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum, vanadium, columbium A387/A387M 91 241
A
Hardness values listed are applicable to S3.
2.2 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code: 5.2.2 The welds shall be made either manually or automati-
Section II, Material Specifications cally by an electric process involving the deposition of filler
Section III, Nuclear Power Plant Components metal.
Section VIII, Unfired Pressure Vessels
5.2.3 Theweldedjointsshallhavepositivereinforcementat
Section IX, Welding Qualifications 1
thecenterofeachsideoftheweld,butnomorethan ⁄8 in.(3.2
mm). This reinforcement may be removed at the manufactur-
3. Terminology
er’s option or by agreement between the manufacturer and
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
purchaser. The contour of the reinforcement shall be smooth,
3.1.1 A lot shall consist of 200 ft (61 m) or fraction thereof
andthedepositedmetalshallbefusedsmoothlyanduniformly
of pipe from the same heat of steel.
into the plate surface.
3.1.1.1 The description of a lot may be further restricted by
5.2.4 When radiographic examination in accordance with
use of Supplementary Requirement S12.
9.1 is to be used, the weld reinforcement shall be governed by
themorerestrictiveprovisionsofUW-51ofSectionVIIIofthe
4. Ordering Information
ASMEBoilerandPressureVesselCodeinsteadof5.2.3ofthis
4.1 The inquiry and order for material under this specifica-
specification.
tion should include the following information:
5.3 Heat Treatment—All classes other than 10, 11, 12, and
4.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),
13 shall be heat treated in a furnace controlled to 625°F
4.1.2 Name of the material (steel pipe, electric-fusion-
(14°C) and equipped with a recording pyrometer so that
welded),
heating records are available. Heat treating after forming and
4.1.3 Specification number,
welding shall be to one of the following:
4.1.4 Grade and class designations (see 1.3),
5.3.1 Classes 20, 21, 22, and 23 pipe shall be uniformly
4.1.5 Size (inside or outside diameter, nominal or minimum
heated within the post-weld heat-treatment temperature range
wall thickness),
indicatedinTable2foraminimumof1h/in.ofthicknessorfor
4.1.6 Length (specific or random),
1 h, whichever is greater.
4.1.7 End finish,
4.1.8 Purchase options, if any (see 5.2.3, 11.3, 11.4, 13.1),
5.3.2 Classes 30, 31, 32, and 33 pipe shall be uniformly
and
heated to a temperature in the austenitizing range and not
4.1.9 Supplementary requirements, if any (refer to S1
exceeding the maximum normalizing temperature indicated in
through S12).
Table 2 and subsequently cooled in air at room temperature.
5.3.3 Classes 40, 41, 42, and 43 pipe shall be normalized in
5. Materials and Manufacture
accordance with 5.3.2. After normalizing, the pipe shall be
5.1 Materials—Thesteelplatematerialshallconformtothe
reheatedtothetemperingtemperatureindicatedinTable2asa
requirements of the applicable plate specification for the pipe
minimumandheldattemperatureforaminimumof ⁄2 h/in.of
grade ordered as listed in Table 1.
thickness or for ⁄2 h, whichever is greater, and air cooled.
5.2 Welding:
5.3.4 Classes 50, 51, 52, and 53 pipe shall be uniformly
5.2.1 The joints shall be double-welded full-penetration
heated to a temperature in the austenitizing range, and not
welds made in accordance with procedures and by welders or
exceeding the maximum quenching temperature indicated in
welding operators qualified in accordance with the ASME
Table 2 and subsequently quenched in water or oil. After
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX.
quenching, the pipe shall be reheated to the tempering tem-
perature indicated in Table 2 as a minimum and held at that
1 1
temperature for a minimum of ⁄2 h/in. of thickness or for ⁄2 h,
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990. whichever is greater, and air cooled.
A691 – 98 (2007)
TABLE 2 Heat Treatment Parameters
Normalizing Quenching
Post-Weld Heat-Treat Temperature, Temperature,
ASTM Tempering Temperature,
Pipe Grade Temperature Range (Stress max unless max unless
Specification min, °F (°C)
Relieving), °F (°C) otherwise noted, otherwise noted,
°F (°C) °F (°C)
CM-65 A204/A204M 1100 to 1200 (590 to 650) 1700 (925) . . . . . .
CM-70 A204/A204M 1100 to 1200 (590 to 650) 1700 (925) . . . . . .
CM-75 A204/A204M 1100 to 1200 (590 to 650) 1700 (925) . . . . . .
CMSH-70 A537/A537M 1100 to 1200 (590 to 650) 1700 (925) . . . . . .
CMS-75 A299/A299M 1100 to 1200 (590 to 650) 1700 (925) . . . . . .
A
CMSH-80 A537/A537M 1100 to 1200 (590 to 650) 1700 (925) 1100 to 1250 (590 to 675)
⁄2 CR A387/A387M 1100 to 1300 (590 to 705) 1850 (1010) 1700 (925) 1150 to 1375 (620 to 745)
1CR A387/A387M 1100 to 1350 (590 to 730) 1850 (1010) 1700 (925) 1150 to 1375 (620 to 745)
1 ⁄4 CR A387/A387M 1100 to 1375 (590 to 745) 1850 (1010) 1700 (925) 1150 to 1375 (620 to 745)
2 ⁄4 CR A387/A387M 1200 to 1400 (650 to 760) 1850 (1010) 1700 (925) 1250 to 1400 (675 to 760)
3CR A387/A387M 1200 to 1400 (650 to 760) 1850 (1010) 1700 (925) 1250 to 1400 (675 to 760)
5CR A387/A387M 1200 to 1400 (650 to 760) 1850 (1010) 1650 (900) 1300 to 1400 (705 to 760)
B
9CR A387/A387M 1325 to 1375 (715 to 745) . . . 1325 to 1375 (715 to 745)
91 A387/A387M 1350 to 1420 (730 to 770) 1900 to 2000 (1040 1900 min (1040 1350 to 1440 (730 to 780)
to 1095) min)
A
Requires quenching and tempering.
B
9 CR steel is an air-hardenable steel, at times retaining austenite down to near atmospheric temperature. Good practice is to allow the steel to cool to 150°F or lower
before subjecting the steel to a tempering treatment or post-weld heat treatment.
5.4 Grade 91 shall be produced only to classes 4X and 5X. 8.1.4 Test Method—The test specimen shall be made in
In addition, post-weld heat treatment is required after weld accordance with QW-150 in Section IX of the ASME Boiler
repair. and Pressure Vessel Code. The test specimen shall be tested at
room temperature in accordance with Test Methods and Defi-
6. General Requirements
nitions A370.
6.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform to
8.2 Transverse-Guided-Weld-Bend Tests:
the applicable requirements of the current edition of Specifi-
8.2.1 Requirements—Thebendtestshallbeacceptableifno
cation A530/A530M, unless otherwise provided herein.
cracks or other defects exceeding ⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) in any
directionbepresentintheweldmetalorbetweentheweldand
7. Chemical Requirements
the pipe metal after bending. Cracks that originate along the
7.1 Product Analysis of Plate—Thepipemanufacturershall
edges of the specimens during testing, and that are less than ⁄4
make an analysis of each mill heat of plate material. The
in. (6.3 mm) in any direction shall not be considered.
product analysis so determined shall meet the requirements of
8.2.2 Number of Tests—One test (two specimens) shall be
the plate specification to which the material was ordered.
made to represent each lot of finished pipe.
7.2 Product Analysis of Weld—The pipe manufacturer shall
8.2.3 Test Specimen Location and Orientation—Two bend
make an analysis of finished deposited weld metal from each
test specimens shall be taken transverse to the weld at the end
200 ft (61 m) or fraction thereof.Analysis shall conform to the
of the finished pipe. As an alternative, by agreement between
welding procedure for deposited weld metal.
the purchaser and the manufacturer, the test specimens may be
7.3 Analysis may be taken from the mechanical test speci-
takenfromatestplateofthesamematerialasthepipe,thetest
mens. The results of the analyses shall be reported to the
plate being attached to the end of the cylinder and welded as a
purchaser.
prolongation of the pipe longitudinal weld seam.
7.4 Iftheanalysisofoneofthesetestsspecifiedin7.1or7.2
8.2.4 Test Method—Bend tests shall be made in accordance
does not conform to the requirements specified, analyses shall
with Test Methods and Definitions A370, A 2.5.1.7. For wall
be made on additional pipes of double the original number
3 3
thicknessesover ⁄8 in.(9.5mm)butlessthan ⁄4in.(19.0mm)
from the same lot, each of which shall conform to the
side-bend tests may be made instead of the face and root-bend
requirements specified. Nonconforming pipe shall be rejected.
tests.Forwallthicknesses ⁄4in.andoverbothspecimensshall
be subjected to the side-bend test.
8. Mechanical Requirements
8.3 Pressure Test—Classes X2 and X3, pipe shall be tested
8.1 Tension Test:
in accordance with Section 20 of Specification A530/A530M.
8.1.1 Requirements—Transverse tensile properties of the
weldedjointshallmeettheminimumrequirementsforultimate
9. Radiographic Examination
tensile strength of the specified plate material.
9.1 The full length of each weld of classes X1 and X2 shall
8.1.2 Number of Tests—One test specimen shall be made to
beradiographicallyexaminedinaccordancewithrequirements
represent each lot of finished pipe.
of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII,
8.1.3 Test Specimen Location and Orientation—The test
Paragraph UW-51.
specimenshallbemadetransversetotheweldattheendofthe
finished pipe and may be flattened cold before final machining 9.2 Radiographic examination may be performed prior to
to size. heat treatment.
A691 –
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