ASTM D7932-14

Standard Specification for Printed, Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Labels for Use in Extreme Distribution Environments

ABSTRACT
This specification provides a standard means for testing and measuring the performance characteristics of printed, pressure-sensitive adhesive labels for containers, particularly containers to be used in extreme distribution environments (for example, hazardous materials labels, aerospace, military containers). For the purposes of this specification, an extreme distribution environment is one in which it can be reasonably expected to experience direct exposure to deteriorating chemicals, weather, elevated/cold temperatures, and other environmental and physical elements for an extended period of time. This specification includes standard laboratory test methods to simulate exposure to various conditions and measure associated degradation of required performance characteristics. The data from these methods can be used as acceptance criteria between a supplier and customer. This specification covers the physical properties of the labels, as well as workmanship, finish and appearance, acceptance criteria, testing procedures, reporting of all the steps taken, certification, and preparation for delivery.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides a standard means to test and measure performance characteristics of printed, pressure-sensitive adhesive labels for containers, particularly containers to be used in extreme distribution environments (for example, hazardous materials labels, aerospace, military containers). For the purposes of this specification, an extreme distribution environment is one in which it can be reasonably expected to experience direct exposure to deteriorating chemicals, weather, elevated/cold temperatures, and other environmental and physical elements for an extended period of time.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2014
• ICS: 55.040 - Packaging materials and accessories
• Technical Committee: D10 - Packaging
• Drafting Committee: D10.14 - Tape and Labels

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D7932-17 - Standard Specification for Printed, Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Labels for Use in Extreme Distribution Environments
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2017

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D7932 −14
Standard Specification for
Printed, Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Labels for Use in
Extreme Distribution Environments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7932; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1000 Test Methods for Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive-
Coated Tapes Used for Electrical and Electronic Applica-
1.1 This specification provides a standard means to test and
tions
measure performance characteristics of printed, pressure-
D3611 Practice for Accelerated Aging of Pressure-Sensitive
sensitive adhesive labels for containers, particularly containers
Tapes
to be used in extreme distribution environments (for example,
D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
hazardous materials labels, aerospace, military containers). For
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
the purposes of this specification, an extreme distribution
Packaging Components for Testing
environment is one in which it can be reasonably expected to
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine
experience direct exposure to deteriorating chemicals, weather,
Fuel
elevated/cold temperatures, and other environmental and
D6210 Specification for Fully-Formulated Glycol Base En-
physical elements for an extended period of time.
gine Coolant for Heavy-Duty Engines
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
D6252/D6252M TestMethodforPeelAdhesionofPressure-
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
Sensitive Label Stocks at a 90° Angle
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
G195 Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
Platform Abraser
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
2.2 Department of Defense Standards:
conformance with the standard.
MIL-STD-810 Environmental Engineering Considerations
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and Laboratory Tests
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
MIL-STD-2073 Standard Practice for Military Packaging
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
MIL-DTL-83133 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Kerosene Type,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
JP-8 (NATO F-34), NATO F-35, and JP-8+100 (NATO
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
F-37)
2.3 Society of Automotive Engineers Standards:
2. Referenced Documents
SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine Service
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Classification
A666 Specification forAnnealed or Cold-WorkedAustenitic
SAE J300 Engine Oil Classification
Stainless Steel Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Flat Bar
2.4 Other:
D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
3 ISO/IEC 15415 Information Technology – Automatic Iden-
lation (Withdrawn 2013)
tification and Data Capture Techniques – Bar Code Print
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
Quality Test Specification – Two Dimensional Symbols
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
ISO/IEC 15416 Information Technology – Automatic Iden-
ments
tification and Data Capture Techniques – Bar Code Print
Quality Test Specification – Linear Symbols
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.14 on Tape and
Labels.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. DOI: 10.1520/ Copies of these documents are available online at http://quicksearch.dla.mil or
D7932–14 from the Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 4/D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM CopiesofthesedocumentsareavailablefromSocietyofAutomotiveEngineers
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
the ASTM website. Copies of these documents are available at www.iso.org or www.ansi.org or
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on fromtheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute,25West43rdStreet,4thFloor,New
www.astm.org. York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7932−14
ISO/IEC 15426-1 Information Technology – Automatic 10.3). Substitution of panels representative of the proposed
Identification and Data Capture Techniques – Bar Code substratesforthestandardstainlesssteelpanelisacceptablefor
Verifier Conformance Specification – Part 1: Linear Sym- this procedure.
bols
NOTE 1—Test surface panels other than specified stainless steel panels
ISO/IEC 15426-2 Information Technology – Automatic
may not meet the minimum requirements of Tables 2 and 3.
Identification and Data Capture Techniques – Bar Code
4.3 Type I labels are intended for use on container outer
Verifier Conformance Specification – Part 2: Two-
surfaces where direct contact with physical and environmental
Dimensional Symbols
factors is unavoidable. Material strength and resistance to
ANSI MH10.8.1 Linear Bar Code & 2-Dimensional Sym-
abrasion, sunlight, rain, extreme temperatures, chemicals, and
bols
other deteriorating environmental elements are required. Type
ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-
I labels may be used on porous surfaces (Class 1) or non-
spection by Attributes
porous surfaces (Class 2).
4.4 Type II labels are intended for use on inner containers
3. Terminology
where there will be a physical barrier to outside elements, such
3.1 General definitions for packing and distribution envi-
as an overpack. Since not all barriers are hermetically sealed,
ronments are found in Terminology D996.
material strength and resistance to abrasion, extreme
3.2 Definitions:
temperatures, and other deteriorating environmental elements
3.2.1 porous—possessing or full of pores or openings that are required. Type II labels may be used on porous surfaces
permit solids, liquids, or gases to permeate or penetrate an
(Class 1) or non-porous surfaces (Class 2).
outer surface or membrane.
4.5 Type III labels are intended for applications not covered
3.2.2 non-porous—possessing a non-permeable outer sur-
by Type I or II labels. The performance requirements and
face or membrane that does not permit solids, liquids, or gases
testingshallbetailoredbythecustomer.TypeIIIlabelsmaybe
to penetrate an outer surface or membrane.
used on porous surfaces (Class 1) or non-porous surfaces
(Class 2).
3.2.3 printed, pressure-sensitive adhesive label—the combi-
nation of a release liner, pressure-sensitive adhesive, and
5. Classifications
facestock (face material) which has been printed with an
5.1 Type:
image.
5.1.1 Type I—Heavy Duty.
3.2.4 label sample—used to describe a facestock and its
5.1.2 Type II—Medium Duty.
pressure-sensitive adhesive while still adhered to its release
5.1.3 Type III—Custom requirements.
liner only.
5.2 Classes:
3.2.5 test surface panel—used to describe the solid material
5.2.1 Class 1—For use on porous surfaces.
surface onto which the label samples are adhered for the
5.2.2 Class 2—For use on non-porous surfaces.
purpose of testing (see 4.2).
3.2.6 label test specimen—used to describe a test surface
6. Ordering Information
panel with a label sample applied by way of its pressure-
6.1 The inquiry or order shall include the following:
sensitive adhesive.
6.1.1 ASTM designation and date of issue.
6.1.2 Type and Class required (see Section 5).
4. Significance and Use
6.1.3 For Type III Labels—Required tests from Table 1 and
4.1 Degradation of pressure-sensitive adhesive labels due to
minimum performance criteria for each.
environmental and physical factors is a common occurrence
6.1.4 Label form (for example, in sheets, rolls, etc.).
during transportation and storage. This specification provides
6.1.5 Individual label size.
minimum performance requirements for printed, pressure-
sensitive labels for use in extreme distribution environments.
TABLE 1 Minimum Number of Test Samples
In addition, standard laboratory test methods are provided to
simulate exposure to various conditions and measure associ- Minimum Number of Test Samples
Reference Paragraph
Test Method Type I Type II
ated degradation of required performance characteristics. The
Print Quality 5 5 11.2
data from these methods can be used as acceptance criteria
Peel Adhesion 5 5 11.3
Thickness 5 5 11.4
between a supplier and customer.
Abrasion 15 15 11.5
4.2 The test methods described in this specification are High Temperature 5 5 11.6
Low Temperature 5 5 11.7
performed on standard stainless steel test surface panels (see
Rain 5 Not Required 11.8
Salt Fog 5 Not Required 11.9
Blowing Dust 5 Not Required 11.10
Humidity 5 5 11.11
A copy of this document is available at www.mhi.org or from the Material
Freeze and Thaw 5 5 11.12
HandlingIndustry,8720RedOakBoulevard,Suite201,Charlotte,NC28217-3992.
Accelerated Aging 5 5 11.13
AcopyofthisdocumentisavailablefromAmericanSocietyforQuality(ASQ), Contamination by Fluids 40 Not Required 11.14
600 North Plankinton Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53203.
D7932−14
TABLE 3 Contamination by Fluids Requirements
6.1.6 Printing requirements, as necessary.
6.1.7 When testing and inspection certification is required Number of
Minimum Adhesion
Test Chemical Specification Test Samples
(see Section 13).
to Stainless Steel
Type I
6.1.8 Report requirements, as necessary (see Section 12).
Water, distilled 5 55 N/100 mm (50 oz/in.)
6.1.9 Packing and marking requirements (see Section 15).
Engine oil: SAE SAE J300 5 55 N/100 mm (50 oz/in.)
15W-40, API SAE J183
7. Physuical Properties
CI-4, CI-4 Plus,
or CJ-4
7.1 All labels shall comply with the requirements listed in
Table2andTable3whentestedinaccordancewithSection 11.
Gasoline ASTM D4814 5 38 N/100 mm (35 oz/in.)
(Petrol),
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
unleaded, Anti-
knock
8.1 All labels shall be uniformly constructed and free from
Index 87, min
defects that impair the usefulness of the label for the purpose
Turbine Fuel MIL-DTL-83133 5 38 N/100 mm (35 oz/in.)
intended (see Section 4). The label adhesive coating shall be
JP-8
uniform, covering entirely the adhesive side of the label and
shall be mounted on a release liner. The adhesive shall be Diesel fuel, ASTM D975 5 38 N/100 mm (35 oz/in.)
Grade No. 1-D
pressure-sensitive, water insoluble, and shall require no
S15 or 2-D S15
moisture, heat, or other preparation prior to, or after, applica-
Automatic Dexron VI 5 38 N/100 mm (35 oz/in.)
tion to clean, dry surfaces. The labels shall be furnished in the
Transmission
form of individual labels, sheets, rolls, or as specified by the
Fluid
customer. The label edges shall be clean, straight, unbroken,
Coolant Type ASTM D6210 5 38 N/100 mm (35 oz/in.)
III-FF or IV-FF
TABLE 2 Physical Property Requirements
Brake fluid, FMVSS 116 5 38 N/100 mm (35 oz/in.)
Type I Type II
DOT 3, 4, or 5 49 CFR 571.116
Property Units Class Class Class Class
1 2 1 2
Thickness, max (mm) 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22
(mils) 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5
and shall display no excessive bleeding of adhesive. The
Initial Adhesion, min (N/100 mm) 66 66 55 55
finished product shall conform to the levels of quality estab-
(oz/in.) 60 60 50 50
lished herein.
Abrasion resistance,
minimum cycles
9. Acceptance Criteria
to failure:
At low temperature
9.1 First Article of Manufacture—When a product is first
(-67° F) 500 500 100 100
manufactured in a plant, it shall be tested and inspected to
At ambient
determine compliance with all examinations and tests of this
temperature (73.4° F) 500 500 100 100
At high
specification by an independent laboratory. First article of
temperature (140° F) 500 500 100 100
manufacture examinations need only be repeated when there is
Post-eposure a change in materials or processes.
adhesion, min:
9.2 Unless otherwise specified, the number of label test
High temperature (N/100 mm) 66 66 55 55
(oz/in.) 60 60 50 50
samples shall be as specified in Table 1, with an acceptable
Low temperature (N/100 mm) 66 66 55 55
quality limit (AQL) of 4.0 % in accordance with ANSI/ASQC
(oz/in.) 60 60 50 50
Z1.4.
Rain (N/100 mm) 66 66 N/A N/A
(oz/in.) 60 60 N/A N/A
10. Procedures
Salt fog (N/100 mm) 66 66 N/A N/A 10.1 Unless otherwise specified, prior to label application,
(oz/in.) 60 60 N/A N/A
eachlabelsampleandtestsurfacepanelshallbeconditionedin
the standard conditioning atmosphere described in Practice
Blowing dust (N/100 mm) 66 66 N/A N/A
(oz/in.) 60 60 N/A N/A D4332 for a minimum of 24 h.
10.2 Each requirement shall be tested in accordance with
Humidity (N/100 mm) 66 66 55 55
(oz/in.) 60 60 50 50
the test methods listed in Section 11. The total test quantities
shall follow sequential testing as described in Figs. 1 and 2 for
Freeze and thaw (N/100 mm) 66 66 55 55
Type I and Type II labels, respectively. Unless otherwise noted
(oz/in.) 60 60 50 50
in the applicable test method, tests shall be conducted in the
Accelerated aging (N/100 mm) 66 66 55 55
standardconditioningatmospheredescribedinPracticeD4332.
(oz/in.) 60 60 50 50
10.3 Test Surface—Except for abrasion resistance, each test
Contamination by Fluids (N/100 mm) See Table 3 N/A N/A
sequence, unless otherwise specified by the customer, shall be
(oz/in.) See Table 3 N/A N/A
conductedonpanelsofstainlesssteel302or304inaccordance
D7932−14
FIG. 1Type I Test Sequence
with Specification A666 having a bright-annealed finish. The 10.4.1 Stainless steel and other non-porous test surface
stainless steel surface roughness height shall be 2.0 6 0.2-µin.
panels shall be prepared as specified in Test Method D6252/
or 50 6 5-nm arithmetical average deviation from the mean
D6252M.
line. All test surface panels, regardless of material, shall be a
10.4.2 If used for testing, wooden test surface panels shall
minimum 2 by 5-in. and no less than 0.032-in. thick or 50 by
be lightly sanded using at least 220 grit sandpaper to provide a
125-mm and no less than 1.1-mm thick. Any panels showing
smooth test surface. A clean surgical sponge, gauze, or tissue
stains, discoloration, numerous scratches, or other surface
freeoflintshallbeusedtocleanallresiduebeforelabelsample
imperfections are not acceptable.
adhesion.
10.4 Test Surface Panel Preparation—
D7932−14
FIG. 2Type II Test Sequence
10.4.3 All other porous test
...