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ASTM B904-00(2009)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Autocatalytic Nickel over Autocatalytic Copper for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Standard Specification for Autocatalytic Nickel over Autocatalytic Copper for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for multilayer coatings of autocatalytic nickel-phosphorus over autocatalytic copper intended for electromagnetic interference or electrostatic discharge shielding to parts fabricated from either polymeric or metallic substrates or parts. Coatings are classified into four types based on thickness and testing requirements, and into two grades based on alloy composition, specifically phosphorus. Surfaces shall be prepared by cleaning it of surface contaminants, conditioning, and activation; identifying of base material suitability; and mechanical roughening. Coatings shouldl be inspected for process qualification, appearance, blisters, unplated areas, adhesion, electrical continuity, and DC resistance. Coatings should also be tested for thickness, which may be performed either by Coulometric, X-ray, or Beta backscatter methods. The requirements for process qualification shall include coating composition, electrical integrity, adhesion, thermal shock resistance, thermal cycling, and shielding effectiveness.
SCOPE
This specification presents the requirements for multilayer coatings of autocatalytic nickel-phosphorus over autocatalytic copper on metallic and polymeric substrates. The coating system is intended to provide electromagnetic interference (EMI) protection properties or electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection to parts fabricated from either polymeric or metallic materials.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2009
ICS
25.220.40 - Metallic coatings
Technical Committee
B08 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
Drafting Committee
B08.03 - Engineering Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM B904-00(2004) - Standard Specification for Autocatalytic Nickel over Autocatalytic Copper for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Effective Date
01-Sep-2009

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ASTM B904-00(2009) - Standard Specification for Autocatalytic Nickel over Autocatalytic Copper for Electromagnetic Interference ShieldingASTM B904-00(2009) - Standard Specification for Autocatalytic Nickel over Autocatalytic Copper for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
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ASTM B904-00(2009) - Standard Specification for Autocatalytic Nickel over Autocatalytic Copper for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:B904 −00(Reapproved2009)
Standard Specification for
Autocatalytic Nickel over Autocatalytic Copper for
Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B904; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope B553 Test Method for Thermal Cycling of Electroplated
This specification presents the requirements for multilayer Plastics (Withdrawn 1991)
coatings of autocatalytic nickel-phosphorus over autocata- B554 Practice for Measurement of Thickness of Metallic
lytic copper on metallic and polymeric substrates. The coat- Coatings on Nonmetallic Substrates (Withdrawn 1987)
ing system is intended to provide electromagnetic interfer- B567 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness
ence (EMI) protection properties or electrostatic discharge by the Beta Backscatter Method
(ESD) protection to parts fabricated from either polymeric or B568 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness
metallic materials. by X-Ray Spectrometry
B602 Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic and
2. Referenced Documents
Inorganic Coatings
B697 Guide for Selection of Sampling Plans for Inspection
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of Electrodeposited Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
A919 Terminology Relating to Heat Treatment of Metals
B727 Practice for Preparation of Plastics Materials for Elec-
(Withdrawn 1999)
troplating
B183 Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel for
B733 Specification for Autocatalytic (Electroless) Nickel-
Electroplating
Phosphorus Coatings on Metal
B242 Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for Elec-
D3330/D3330M TestMethodforPeelAdhesionofPressure-
troplating
Sensitive Tape
B252 Guide for Preparation of Zinc Alloy Die Castings for
D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
Electroplating and Conversion Coatings
D4935 Test Method for Measuring the Electromagnetic
B253 Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Alloys for Elec-
Shielding Effectiveness of Planar Materials
troplating
B320 Practice for Preparation of Iron Castings for Electro-
2.2 Military Standard:
plating MIL-STD-461 Electromagnetic Emission and Susceptibility
B322 Guide for Cleaning Metals Prior to Electroplating
Requirements for the Control of Electromagnetic Interfer-
B374 Terminology Relating to Electroplating ence
B504 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Metal-
lic Coatings by the Coulometric Method
3. Terminology
B532 Specification for Appearance of Electroplated Plastic
3.1 Definitions—Many of the terms used in this specifica-
Surfaces
tion can be found in Terminologies A919 or B374.
B533 Test Method for Peel Strength of Metal Electroplated
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Plastics
3.2.1 significant surfaces, n—these surfaces are classified as
primary, secondary, nonsignificant, and coating-free surfaces.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on
3.2.1.1 coating-free areas, adj—areas specified on part
Metallic and Inorganic Coatingsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
drawings or suitably marked samples.
B08.03 on Engineering Coatings.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originally
3.2.1.2 nonsignificant surfaces, adj—all holes, recesses, and
approvedin2000.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2004asB904 – 00(2004).DOI:
other areas where a controlled deposit cannot be obtained
10.1520/B0904-00R09.
under normal coating conditions and that cannot be touched
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
www.astm.org. Robbins Ave. Philadelphia, PA 19111–5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B904−00(2009)
with a 20-mm diameter ball shall be considered nonsignificant 4.3.4 Grade 2 coatings have a phosphorus content between
surfacesunlessotherwisespecifiedonpartdrawingsorsuitably 6 and 11 %.
marked samples.
NOTE 3—The adhesion and resistance to blistering are improved on
3.2.1.3 primary significant surface, adj—all mating surfaces some polymeric substrates by an initial flash deposit of autocatalytic
nickel.
and those other surfaces specified on part drawings or suitably
marked samples.
5. Ordering Information
3.2.1.4 secondary significant surfaces, adj—all surfaces,
5.1 To avoid misunderstanding between contractual parties,
other than primary significant surfaces, that can be touched
purchase orders or contracts for autocatalytic nickel over
with a 20-mm diameter ball shall be considered secondary
autocatalytic copper coatings under this specification should
significantsurfacesunlessotherwisespecifiedonpartdrawings
include the designation, issue date, and the following informa-
or suitably marked samples.
tion:
5.1.1 Type of substrate.
4. Classification
5.1.1.1 Metallic substrates should state the composition and
4.1 This classification system provides for the following:
metallurgical condition. Assemblies of dissimilar materials
4.1.1 Types of coating based on thickness and testing
should be identified.
requirements, and
5.1.1.2 Polymeric substrates should state the polymer type
4.1.2 Grades of coating based on alloy composition.
and should be of a plating grade.
4.2 Coating Type:
5.1.2 Classification of the deposit by type and grade.
4.2.1 The coating type indicates the type of application and
5.1.3 Primary significant surfaces and coating-free surfaces
tests to be used in determining the acceptance of the coating.
must be indicated on drawings.
4.2.2 Coating Type Definitions:
5.1.4 Any special requirements.
4.2.2.1 Type 1—Coatings intended to shield devices for
5.1.5 Testmethodsforcoatingadhesion,thickness,porosity.
FCC/VDE Class B service.
5.1.6 Sampling program.
4.2.2.2 Type 2—Coatings intended to shield devices for
FCC/VDE Class B service in harsh environments. 6. Surface Preparation
4.2.2.3 Type 3—Coatings intended to shield devices for
6.1 Surface Contamination—Surfaces of polymeric parts
MIL-STD-461 requirements.
must be free of all mold release agents, dirt, oil, grease, and
4.2.2.4 Type 4—Coatings intended to shield devices for
contamination detrimental to the final finish. Surfaces of
FCC/VDE Class A requirements.
metallic parts must be free of all scale, oxidation, and contami-
4.2.3 The description of Types 1, 2, 3, and 4 is summarized
nation detrimental to the final finish. A clean surface is
in Table 1.
essential to the adhesion and electrical conductivity require-
ments of the subsequent coated part.
4.3 Coating Grade:
4.3.1 The coating grade is based upon phosphorus content.
6.2 Cleaning, Conditioning, and Activating—Any adequate
method of cleaning, conditioning, and activating is acceptable
NOTE 1—The coating grade indicates the relative contact impedance
and the relative corrosion resistance of the nickel-phosphorus coating and provided the coated parts meet the inspection requirements and
tests to be used in determining the acceptance of the coating
are free of distortion. Examples of adequate methods of
cleaning can be found in 10.2.
4.3.2 Coating Grade Definitions:
6.2.1 Base Material Suitability—Thepartstobecoatedshall
4.3.3 Grade 1 coatings have a phosphorus content between
be inspected by the coater prior to any processing to determine
3 and 5 %.
their suitability for coating. Unsuitable parts shall be returned
NOTE 2—Low phosphorus coatings exhibit low electrical contact
to the fabricator or molder.
impedance. High phosphorus contents exhibit somewhat higher contact
impedance, however, the coating is more corrosion resistant.
6.3 Mechanical Roughening—Mechanical roughening of
polymersurfaces,topromoteadhesion,mayonlybeusedwhen
specified on the part drawing.
TABLE 1 Autocatalytic Nickel-Phosphorus Over Autocatalytic
Copper Coating Descriptions Summary
7. In-Process Storage and Handling
Type Thickness Shielding Application
Autocatalytic Autocatalytic Effectiveness 7.1 Following cleaning, conditioning, and activating, all
Copper Nickel- (Typical) in
parts shall be immediately coated with copper and then
Phosphorus accordance with
nickel-phosphorus to the thickness specified in Table 1. The
Test Method
D4935 parts processing cycle shall be a continuous operation without
1 1 µm min 0.25 µm min 80-100 dB FCC/VDE
any interruption.
Class B
2 1 µm min 1.5 µm min 80-100 dB Harsh Envi-
7.2 Handling—The parts shall be suitably racked so as to
ronment
prevent gas entrapment and to avoid physical handling of the
3 2.5 µm min 0.25 µm min 90-110 dB MIL-STD-
primary significant surfaces.
461B
4 Optional/Not re- 1.0 µm min 50-70 dB FCC/VDE
7.3 Drying—Following coating, the parts may be dried with
quired Class A
warm air currents. Drying temperature shall not exceed the
B904−00(2009)
heat distortion temperature of the substrate. Wetting agents (2) X-Ray Method—This nondestructive method is suitable
may be used to enhance water shedding provided they do not forthemeasurementofindividuallayersintherangeof0.25to
interfere with subsequent paint adhesion. 65 µm and shall be the referee method.
(3) Beta Backscatter Method
...

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Approximate Hardness (HK25)  
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Platinum  
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1.1 This guide covers the use of the dropping test to measure the thickness of electrodeposited zinc, cadmium, copper, and tin coatings.  
Note 1: Under most circumstances this method of measuring coating thicknesses is not as reliable or as convenient to use as an appropriate coating thickness gauge (see Test Methods B499, B504, and B568).  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM B734-97(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Copper for Engineering Uses

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for electrodeposited copper coatings used for engineering purposes including surface hardening, heat treatment stop-off, as an underplate for other engineering coatings, for electromagnetic interference shielding in electronic circuitry, and in certain joining operations. This specification does not cover electrodeposited copper used as a decorative finish, as an undercoat for other decorative finishes, or for electroforming. Coatings shall be classified according to thickness. Metal parts shall undergo pre- and post-coating treatment for reducing the risk of hydrogen embrittlement, and peening. Coatings shall be sampled, tested, and shall conform to specified requirements as to appearance, thickness, porosity, solderability, adhesion, embrittlement relief, and packaging.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for electrodeposited coatings of copper used for engineering purposes. Examples include surface hardening, heat treatment stop-off, as an underplate for other engineering coatings, for electromagnetic interferences (EMI) shielding in electronic circuitry, and in certain joining operations.  
1.2 This specification is not intended for electrodeposited copper when used as a decorative finish, or as an undercoat for other decorative finishes.  
1.3 This specification is not intended for electrodeposited copper when used for electroforming.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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