ASTM D5414-95(2012)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Horizontal Impact Performance of Load Unitizing Stretch Wrap Films

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended to be used mainly as a means of comparing the performance of unitizing films. It can also be used to compare the effectiveness of different wrap cycles with the same wrapping materials. No direct correlation between these tests results and actual field performance has been established.
This test method simulates the horizontal impact elements of the distribution environment. Horizontal impacts are encountered in rail car switching and pallet marshalling procedures, both in the warehouse and during the loading and unloading of transport vehicles.
This test method leaves open to the discretion of the user the establishment of test levels and the number of impacts constituting the test so that one might tailor the test to simulate one's particular distribution environment. The section entitled “Element HSimulated Rail Switching” in Practice D4169 may provide some guidance in this regard.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to evaluate and compare the ability of stretch-wrap films to survive horizontal impacts in a laboratory simulation.
1.2 The test levels may be varied to represent the mode of shipping and handling used for the unit load under test.
1.3 The methodology of performing the controlled horizontal impacts is described in detail in Test Methods D4003. This test method will describe only sample preparation and evaluation in the special case of evaluating the performance of film for load unitizing.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2012
• ICS: 55.040 - Packaging materials and accessories
• Technical Committee: D10 - Packaging
• Drafting Committee: D10.25 - Palletizing and Unitizing of Loads

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5414 − 95 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Horizontal Impact Performance of Load
1
Unitizing Stretch Wrap Films
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5414; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.1 backload—a duplicate specimen similar to the test
package or weights to simulate the other lading in the transport
1.1 This test method is used to evaluate and compare the
vehicle.
ability of stretch-wrap films to survive horizontal impacts in a
3.2.2 shock pulse programmer—a device used to control the
laboratory simulation.
parameters of the acceleration versus time-shock pulse gener-
1.2 The test levels may be varied to represent the mode of
ated by a shock test impact machine.
shipping and handling used for the unit load under test.
1.3 The methodology of performing the controlled horizon-
4. Summary of Test Method
tal impacts is described in detail in Test Methods D4003. This
4.1 The horizontal impacts used in this test method are
test method will describe only sample preparation and evalu-
programmed shock inputs that represent the hazards as they
ation in the special case of evaluating the performance of film
occur in the shipping and handling environment. The environ-
for load unitizing.
mental hazards may include rail switching impacts, pallet
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
marshalling impacts, etc.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 This test method is intended to be used mainly as a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
means of comparing the performance of unitizing films. It can
also be used to compare the effectiveness of different wrap
2. Referenced Documents
cycles with the same wrapping materials. No direct correlation
2
between these tests results and actual field performance has
2.1 ASTM Standards:
been established.
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
ments
5.2 This test method simulates the horizontal impact ele-
D4003 Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact
ments of the distribution environment. Horizontal impacts are
Test for Shipping Containers and Systems
encountered in rail car switching and pallet marshalling
D4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
procedures, both in the warehouse and during the loading and
tainers and Systems
unloading of transport vehicles.
5.3 Thistestmethodleavesopentothediscretionoftheuser
3. Terminology
the establishment of test levels and the number of impacts
3.1 Definitions—General definitions for packaging and dis-
constituting the test so that one might tailor the test to simulate
tribution environments are found in Terminology D996.
one’s particular distribution environment. The section entitled
“Element H—Simulated Rail Switching” in Practice D4169
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
may provide some guidance in this regard.
6. Apparatus
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
6.1 Load Wrapping Apparatus—A machine or apparatus to
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.25 on Palletizing
and Unitizing of Loads.
wrap the test load. The method of wrap application is prefer-
Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally
ably as near as possible to that used in an actual production
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5414 – 95 (2007).
situation (stretch wrapper or manual wrapping unit).
DOI: 10.1520/D5414-95R12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.2 Horizontal Impact Test Machine—Refer to Test Meth-
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
ods D4003, paragraph 5.1 and following subparagraphs, for a
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. complete description.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D5414 − 95 (2012)
6.3 Instrumentation—Refer to Test Methods D4003, para- 8.2.3 Number of individual units per test load.
graph5.3andfollowingsubparagraphs,foracompletedescrip- 8.2.4 Weight of each unit and total test load.
tion. 8.2.5 Orientation of test load.
8.3 Wrap Material:
7. Procedure
8.3.1 Supplier.
7.1 Procedure A—Normal Test Mode:
8.3.2 Film thickness.
7.
...