ASTM C1531-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for In Situ Measurement Of Masonry Mortar Joint Shear Strength Index
Standard Test Methods for In Situ Measurement Of Masonry Mortar Joint Shear Strength Index
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The masonry mortar joint shear strength index obtained by this test method is related to the masonry wall shear strength by a relationship contained within Appendix Chapter 1 of the Uniform Code for Building Conservation. The user of this standard is cautioned that the shear strength relationship contained within the Uniform Code for Building Conservation is an empirical relationship based on tests of early 20th-century unreinforced brick masonry. The relationship assumes that wall shear strength is limited by shear of the mortar joints rather than shear through the units.
For hollow ungrouted or solid unit masonry construction the shear strength index is measured only for the mortar bed joints vertically adjacent to the unit being tested. When testing hollow ungrouted masonry construction, the shear strength index is based on the horizontal interface between the mortar and the test unit and the masonry above and below the test unit. In the case of multi-wythe construction, the measured mortar joint shear strength index is applicable only to the wythe in which the test unit is located; no headers shall exist immediately above or below the test unit. The contribution of any existing collar joint mortar to the measured shear strength index is neglected, and this may lead to an overestimate of the shear strength index.
The test procedure listed for Method A may be conducted as an extension of Test Method C 1197. The two-flatjack test, conducted in accordance with Test Method C 1197, provides half of the required test setup for Method A. At the completion of the Method A test, one would know the measured normal compressive stress, the deformability of the masonry at the test, and the relationship between the expected joint shear strength index and the normal compressive stress.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the determination of the average in situ mortar joint shear strength index in existing unreinforced solid-unit and ungrouted hollow-unit masonry built with clay or concrete units. Three methods are provided:
1.1.1 Method A (with Flatjacks Controlling Normal Compressive Stress)—For determining mortar joint shear strength index when the state of normal compressive stress at the test site is controlled during the test using the flatjack method described in Test Method C 1197. Horizontal displacement of the test unit is monitored throughout the test. The test setup for Method A is shown in Fig. 1.
1.1.2 Method B (without Flatjacks Controlling Normal Compressive Stress)—For determining mortar joint shear strength index when using an estimate of the normal compressive stress at the location of the test site. Horizontal displacement of the test unit is not monitored during this procedure. The test set up for Method B is shown in Fig. 2.
1.1.3 Method C (with Flatjack Applying Horizontal Load)—For determining mortar joint shear strength index using an estimate of the normal compressive stress at the location of the test site, as shown in Fig. 3. Horizontal displacement of the test unit is generally not measured during this procedure.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
FIG. 1 Test Setup—Method A
FIG. 2 Test Setup—Method B
FIG. 3 Test Setup—Method C
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Designation: C1531 − 09
StandardTest Methods for
In Situ Measurement Of Masonry Mortar Joint Shear
1
Strength Index
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1531; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the determina-
C1180 Terminology of Mortar and Grout for Unit Masonry
tion of the average in situ mortar joint shear strength index in
C1196 Test Method for In Situ Compressive Stress Within
existing unreinforced solid-unit and ungrouted hollow-unit
Solid Unit Masonry Estimated Using Flatjack Measure-
masonry built with clay or concrete units. Three methods are
ments
provided:
C1197 Test Method for In Situ Measurement of Masonry
1.1.1 Method A (with Flatjacks Controlling Normal Com-
Deformability Properties Using the Flatjack Method
pressive Stress)—For determining mortar joint shear strength
C1232 Terminology of Masonry
index when the state of normal compressive stress at the test
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
site is controlled during the test using the flatjack method
2.2 Other Document:
described in Test Method C1197. Horizontal displacement of
Uniform Code for Building Conservation (Appendix Chap-
the test unit is monitored throughout the test.The test setup for
ter 1, Earthquake Hazard Reduction in Existing Unrein-
Method A is shown in Fig. 1.
forced Masonry Buildings), International Conference of
1.1.2 Method B (without Flatjacks Controlling Normal
Building Officials, Whittier, CA, 1997
Compressive Stress)—For determining mortar joint shear
3. Terminology
strength index when using an estimate of the normal compres-
sive stress at the location of the test site. Horizontal displace-
3.1 Terminology defined in Terminologies C1180 and
ment of the test unit is not monitored during this procedure.
C1232 shall apply for these test methods.
The test set up for Method B is shown in Fig. 2.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.1.3 MethodC(withFlatjackApplyingHorizontalLoad)—
4.1 The in-place shear test is used to provide an index of the
For determining mortar joint shear strength index using an
in situ, horizontal shear resistance of mortar joints in unrein-
estimate of the normal compressive stress at the location of the
forced masonry. For Method A, a single masonry unit is
test site, as shown in Fig. 3. Horizontal displacement of the test
removed from opposite ends of the chosen test unit as shown
unit is generally not measured during this procedure.
in Fig. 1. For Method B, a single masonry unit and a head joint
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
are removed from opposite ends of the chosen test unit, as
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
shown in Fig. 2. For Method C, head joints on both ends of the
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
tested unit are removed as shown in Fig. 3. Ensure that the bed
and are not considered standard.
joints are not disturbed in the unit to be tested. The test unit is
thendisplacedhorizontallyrelativetothesurroundingmasonry
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
using a hydraulic jack or specialized flatjacks. The horizontal
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
force required to cause first movement of the test unit provides
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
a measured index of the mortar joint shear strength.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The masonry mortar joint shear strength index obtained
bythistestmethodisrelatedtothemasonrywallshearstrength
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
Manufactured Masonry Units and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
C15.04 on Research. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C1531 – 03. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C1531-09. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1531 − 09
FIG. 1 Test Setup—Met
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1531–03 Designation: C 1531 – 09
Standard Test Methods for
In Situ Measurement Of Masonry Mortar Joint Shear
1
Strength Index
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1531; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 Thesetestmethodscoverproceduresforthedeterminationoftheaverageinsitumortarjointshearstrengthindexinexisting
unreinforced solid-unit and ungrouted hollow-unit masonry built with clay or concrete units. Three methods are provided:
1.1.1 Method A (with Flatjacks Controlling Normal Compressive Stress)—For determining mortar joint shear strength index
when the state of normal compressive stress at the test site is controlled during the test using the flatjack method described in Test
Method C 1197. Horizontal displacement of the test unit is monitored throughout the test. The test setup for Method A is shown
in Fig. 1.
1.1.2 Method B (without Flatjacks Controlling Normal Compressive Stress)—For determining mortar joint shear strength index
when using an estimate of the normal compressive stress at the location of the test site. Horizontal displacement of the test unit
is not monitored during this procedure. The test set up for Method B is shown in Fig. 2.
1.1.3 MethodC(withFlatjackApplyingHorizontalLoad)—Fordeterminingmortarjointshearstrengthindexusinganestimate
of the normal compressive stress at the location of the test site, as shown in Fig. 3. Horizontal displacement of the test unit is
generally not measured during this procedure.
1.2The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:C43Terminology of Structural Clay Products
C 1180 Terminology of Mortar and Grout for Unit Masonry
C 1196 Test Method for In Situ Compressive Stress Within Solid Unit Masonry Estimated Using Flatjack Measurements
2
C 1197 Test Method for In Situ Measurement of Masonry Deformability Properties Using the Flatjack Method
2
C1209Terminology of Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units Test Method for In Situ Measurement of Masonry
Deformability Properties Using the Flatjack Method
C 1232 Terminology of Masonry
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
2.2 Other Document:
Uniform Code for Building Conservation (Appendix Chapter 1, Earthquake Hazard Reduction in Existing Unreinforced
Masonry Buildings), International Conference of Building Officials, Whittier, CA, 1997
3. Terminology
3.1Terminology defined in Terminologies C43, C1180, C1209, and C1232
3.1 Terminology defined in Terminologies C 1180 and C 1232 shall apply for these test methods.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.04 on
Research.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C 1531–02.
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C 1531 – 03.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
, Vol 04.05volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1531–09
FIG. 1 Test Setup—Method A
FIG. 2 Test Setup—Method B
FIG. 3 Test Setup—Method C
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The in-place shear test is used to provide an index of the in situ,
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