ASTM A556/A556M-96(2012)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Feedwater Heater Tubes
Standard Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Feedwater Heater Tubes
ABSTRACT
This specification covers minimum-wall-thickness, seamless cold-drawn carbon steel tubes including bending into the form of U-tubes for use in tubular feedwater heaters. Mechanical tests shall be made on specimens including: tension test; flattening test; flaring test; hardness test; and hydrostatic test. Each tube shall be tested after the finish heat treatment following the final cold-drawn pass by passing through a nondestructive tester capable of detecting defects on the entire cross section of the tube.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers minimum-wall-thickness, seamless cold-drawn carbon steel tubes including bending into the form of U-tubes, if specified, for use in tubular feedwater heaters.
1.2 The tubing sizes covered shall be 5/8 to 11/4-in. [15.9 to 31.8-mm] outside diameter, inclusive, with minimum wall thicknesses equal to or greater than 0.045 in. [1.1 mm].
1.3 Optional supplementary requirements are provided, and when desired, shall be stated in the order.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.
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Designation:A556/A556M −96 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Specification for
Seamless Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Feedwater Heater
Tubes
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA556/A556M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of pieces),
2 3.1.2 Name of material (seamless steel tubing),
1.1 This specification covers minimum-wall-thickness,
3.1.3 Dimensions (outside diameter and minimum wall
seamless cold-drawn carbon steel tubes including bending into
thickness),
the form of U-tubes, if specified, for use in tubular feedwater
3.1.4 Length (specific or random),
heaters.
3.1.5 Manufacture (cold drawn),
5 1
1.2 The tubing sizes covered shall be ⁄8 to 1 ⁄4-in. [15.9 to
3.1.6 Grade (chemical composition),
31.8-mm] outside diameter, inclusive, with minimum wall
3.1.7 Optional requirements,
thicknesses equal to or greater than 0.045 in. [1.1 mm].
3.1.8 Bending Requirements—If order specifies tubes to be
1.3 Optional supplementary requirements are provided, and
bent, the design of the U-tubes shall accompany the order.
when desired, shall be stated in the order.
Purchaser must specify if stress-relief anneal of the U-bends is
required,
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
3.1.9 Test report required (see Certification Section of
are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,
Specification A450/A450M),
the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
3.1.10 Specification number, and
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
3.1.11 Specialrequirementsandanysupplementaryrequire-
beusedindependentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthe
ments selected.
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
cation. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M”
4. General Requirements
designation of this specification is specified in the order.
4.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform to
2. Referenced Documents
the applicable requirements of the current edition of the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Specification A450/A450M, unless otherwise provided herein.
A450/A450MSpecification for General Requirements for
5. Manufacture
Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Tubes
E30TestMethodsforChemicalAnalysisofSteel,CastIron,
5.1 Manufacture—Tubes shall be made by the seamless
Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron (Withdrawn 1995)
process and shall be cold drawn.
3. Ordering Information 5.2 Heat Treatment:
5.2.1 Cold-drawn tubes shall be heat treated after the final
3.1 Orders for material under this specification should
cold-drawpassatatemperatureof1200°F[640°C]orhigherto
include the following as required to describe the desired
ensure ductility satisfactory for rolling into tube sheets and to
material adequately:
meet mechanical properties as specified.
1 5.2.2 If stress-relief anneal of the U-bends is specified, the
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee anneal shall consist of heating the bent portion within a range
A01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.
of 1100 to 1200°F [585 to 640°C].
Current edition approved March 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A556/A556M–96
6. Chemical Composition
(2005). DOI: 10.1520/A0556_A0556M-96R12.
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-
6.1 The steel shall conform to one of the requirements as to
cation SA-556 in Section II of that Code.
chemical composition as prescribed in Table 1.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.2 When a grade is ordered under this specification, sup-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
plying an alloy grade that specifically requires the addition of
the ASTM website.
any element other than those listed for the ordered grade in
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. Table 1 is not permitted.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A556/A556M−96 (2012)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements TABLE 3 Hardness Requirements
Element Composition, % Grade A2 HR B 72
Grade B2 HR B 79
Grade A2 Grade B2 Grade C2
Grade C2 HR B 89
Carbon, max 0.18 0.27 0.30
Manganese 0.27–0.63 0.29–0.93 0.29–1.06
Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.035 0.035
Sulfur, max 0.035 0.035 0.035
Silicon, min . 0.10 0.10
9.2 Permissible variations from the specified minimum wall
thickness shall not exceed +20% or −0. The wall thickness of
the tube in U-bent section shall be not less than value
determined by:
7. Product Analysis
t 5T ~2R!/~2R1D! (1)
f
7.1 When requested in the purchase order, a product analy-
where:
sisshallbemadebythemanufacturerorsupplierfromonetube
t = wall thickness after bending, in. [mm],
or billet per heat. f
T = specified minimum tube wall thickness, in. [mm],
7.2 If the original test for product analysis fails, retests of
R = centerline bend radius, in. [mm], and
two additional tubes or billets shall be made. Both retests for
D = nominal outside tube diameter, in. [mm].
the elements in question shall meet the requirements of this
9.3 In the case of U-tubes, the length of the tube legs as
specification; otherwise, all remaining material in the heat or
measured from the point of tangency of the bend and the tube
lot (Note 1) shall be rejected or, at the option of the producer,
legtotheendofthetubelegshallnotbelessthanspecified,but
eachtubemaybeindividuallytestedforacceptance.Tubesthat
may exceed the specified values by the amount given in Table
do not meet the requirements of this specification shall be
4.Thedifferenceinlengthsofthetubelegsshallnotbegreater
rejected.
than ⁄8 in. [3 mm] unless otherwise specified.
NOTE 1—For tension and hardness test requirements, the term lot
9.4 The end of any tube may depart from square by not
appliestoalltubespriortocutting,ofthesamenominaldiameterandwall
more than the amount given in Table 5.
thicknesswhichareproducedfromthesameheatofsteel.Whenfinalheat
treatmentisinabatch-typefurnace,alotshallincludeonlythosetubesof
9.5 The leg spacing measured between the points of tan-
thesamesizeandthesameheatwhichareheattreatedinthesamefurnace
gency of the bend to the legs shall not vary from the value (2R
charge.Whenthefinalheattreatmentisinacontinuousfurnace,alotshall
includealltubesofthesamesizeandheat,heattreatedinthesamefurnace − specified tube OD) by more than ⁄16 in. [1.5 mm] whereR is
at the same temperature, time at heat and furnace speed.
the centerline bend radius.
7.3 For referee purposes, Test Methods E30 shall be used.
9.6 The bent portion of the U-tube shall be substantially
uniformincurvatureandnotexceed 6 ⁄16in.[61.5mm]ofthe
8. Mechanical Properties
normal centerline radius.
8.1 Tensile Properties—The material shall conform to the
10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
requirements as to tensile properties prescribed in Table 2,
when pulled in full section.
10.1 Finished tubes shall be free from scale but may have a
superficialoxidefilmonthesurfaces.Alightoxidescaleonthe
8.2 HardnessRequirements—Thetubesshallnotexceedthe
outside and inside surfaces of U-bend shall be allowed for
Rockwell Hardness shown in Table 3.
tubes which have been heat treated.
9. Permissible Variations in Dimensions (Fig. 1)
10.2 Finished tubes shall be reasonably straight and have
smooth ends free from burrs. Tubes shall have a workmanlike
9.1 Permissible variations from the specified outside diam-
finish and shall be free of surface imperfections that cannot be
eter shall not exceed 60.004 in. [0.10 mm] for tubing under
1.0-in. [25.4-mm] outside diameter nor 60.006 in. [0.15 mm] removed within the allowable wall tolerances. Removal of
surface imperfections such as handling marks, straightening
for tubing 1.0 in. [25.4 mm] to 1.25 in. [31.7 mm] inclusive.
These tolerances do not apply to the bent portion of the marks, light mandrel and die marks, shallow pits, and scale
pattern will not be required provided they are within the
U-tubes. At the bent portion of a U-tube for R=2× D or
greater neither the major nor minor diameter of tube shall allowable wall tolerances.
deviatefromnominalbymorethan10%.If1 ⁄2Disspecified,
10.3 Finished tubes shall be coated both on the outside and
tolerances could be greater.
the inside diameter to prevent corrosion in transit. The type of
coating applied should be mutually agreed upon and specified
in the order.
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
11. Mechanical Tests Required
Grade A2 Grade B2 Grade C2
Tensile strength, min, ksi [MPa] 47 [320] 60 [410] 70 [480] 11.1 Tension Test—One tension test shall be made on a
Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa] 26 [180] 37 [260] 40 [280]
specimenforlotsofnotmorethan50tubes.Tensiontestsshall
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, 35 30 30
be made on specimens from two tubes for lots of more than 50
min, % (longitudinal)
tubes (Note 1).
A556/A556M−96 (2012)
FIG. 1 Bent Portion of U-Tube
TABLE 4 Tube Leg Length Tolerance
upon between the purchaser and manufacturer, they may be
Leg Length, ft [m] Plus Tolerancein. [mm] tested at 1 ⁄2 times the specified design working pressure.
Up to 20 [6], incl ⁄8 [3.2]
5 12. Nondestructive Test (Electric Test)
Over 20 to 30 [6 to 9], incl ⁄32 [4.0]
Over 30 to 40 [9 to 12.2], incl ⁄16 [4.8]
12.1 Each tube shall be tested after the finish heat treatment
following the final cold-drawn pass by passing through a
nondestructive tester capable of detecting defects on the entire
TABLE 5 Squareness of Ends Tolerance
cross section of the tube, in accordance with Specification
Tube OD, in. [mm] Tolerance,
A450/A450M.
in. [mm]
⁄8 [15.9] 0.010 [0.25]
13. Packaging and Package Marking
5 1
Over ⁄8 to 1 ⁄4 [15.9 to 31.7], incl 0.016 [0.4]
13.1 The tubing shall be packaged or bundled in such a
manner as to prevent damage in ordinary handling and trans-
portation and identified by a tag with the name of the
manufacturer, purchase order number, specification number
11.2 Flattening Test—One flattening test shall be made on
and grade, and size.
specimens taken from each end of one finished tube, not the
13.2 InthecaseofU-tubes,eachboxshallbepalletizedand
oneusedfortheflaringtest,fromeachlotofnotmorethan125
legibly marked showing the manufacturer’s name, purchase
tubes or fraction thereof.
order number, specification number and grade, size, and
11.3 Flaring Test—One flaring test shall be made on speci-
identification of items contained.
mens taken from each end of one finished tube, not the one
13.3 Bar Coding—In addition to the requirements in 13.1
used for flattening test, from each lot of not more than 125
and 13.2, bar coding is acceptable as a supplemental identifi-
tubes or fraction thereof.
cation method. The purchaser may specify in the order a
11.4 Hardness Test—Brinell or Rockwell hardness tests
specific bar coding system to be used.
shall be made on specimens from two tubes from each lot
(Note 1). 14. Keywords
11.5 Hydrostatic Test—Each U-tube shall be subjected to a 14.1 carbon; feedwater heater tubes; seamless steel tube;
hydrostatic test, using a noncorrosive fluid, or when agreed steel tube
A556/A556M−96 (2012)
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
The following supplementary requirement or requirements may become a part of the specification
when specified in the inquiry or invitation to bid, and purchase order or contract. These requirements
shall not be considered, unless specified in the order, in which even the necessary tests shall be made
by the manufacturer prior to the bending or shipment of the tubing.
S1. Nondestructive Ultrasonic Test—Round Tubing (Com- S1.1.6.4 The recording equipment, if agreed upon, shall be
adjusted to clearly indicate the reference notch or notches and
mercial Grade)
also whether or not any reflected signals actuate the alarm
S1.1 The manufactuer shall test the tubing by an ultrasonic
system.
nondestructive test for detection of harmful faults and sound-
S1.1.7 A reference standard of an appropriate length (suffi-
ness.
cient to allow in-line feeding) shall be prepared from a
S1.1.1 Ultrasonic testing shall be performed using pulse-
randomly selected tube of the same size, grade, and physical
echo shear wave techniques to locate longitudinal or circum- condition as the material to be tested.
ferential defects, or both. S1.1.8 The reference standard shall contain machined
notchesasfollows:Notchtobe10%ofwallthicknessindepth
S1.1.2 Tubes being tested shall be reasonably straight for
but not less than 0.004 in. [0.10 mm]. Tolerance on depth
properrotation.Theoutsideandinsidediametersurfacesofthe
+0.0000 in. or −0.001 in. [0.03 mm].
tubes shall be free of dirt, grit, grease, oil, loose scale, or other
S1.1.8.1 Notch Locations and Orientation—Notches shall
materials which tend to attenuate, scatter, or reflect ultrasonic
be located on outside or inside diameter, or both, and shall be
signals.
oriented to lie in a longitudinal direction for radial inspection
S1.1.3 Tubing shall be inspected by feeding spirally past a
or circumferentially, or both, for transverse inspection. The
suitable transducer with rotation of material to be toward the
notch or notches shall be located in the reference tube in such
transducer.
a manner that no physical or acoustical interference exists
S1.1.4 Suitable ultrasonic instrumentation shall be used to
between notches or end of reference tube. These various
clearly distinguish the artificial defects (hereafter called refer- locations and orientations will be classified as follows:
ence notches) described later.Automatic electronic monitoring TypeA—Longitudinaloutsidediameterforradialinspection,
Type B—Longitudinal inside diameter for radial inspection,
of the reflected ultrasonic signals shall be provided in such
Type C—Circumferential outside diameter for transverse
manner that any naturally occurring defects which present an
inspection, and
ultrasonic reflection equal to or greater than the reference
Type D—Circumferential inside diameter for transverse in-
standard(s) shall trigger audible and visible alarms.
spection.
S1.1.5 Instrument calibration as described herein shall be
S1.1.8.2 Standard Nomenclature— The size, location, and
accomplishedwiththereferencestandardbeingrotatedandfed
orientation of t
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