ASTM B636/B636M-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Internal Stress of Plated Metallic Coatings with the Spiral Contractometer
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Internal Stress of Plated Metallic Coatings with the Spiral Contractometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The spiral contractometer, properly used, will give reproducible results (see 9.5) over a wide range of stress values. Internal stress limits with this method can be specified for use by both the purchaser and the producer of plated or electroformed parts.
5.2 Plating with large tensile stresses will reduce the fatigue strength of a product made from high-strength steel. Maximum stress limits can be specified to minimize this. Other properties affected by stress include corrosion resistance, dimensional stability, cracking, and peeling.
5.3 In control of electroforming solutions, the effects of stress are more widely recognized, and the control of stress is usually necessary to obtain a usable electroform. Internal stress limits can be determined and specified for production control.
5.4 Internal stress values obtained by the spiral contractometer do not necessarily reflect the internal stress values found on a part plated in the same solution. Internal stress varies with many factors, such as coating thickness, preparation of substrate, current density, and temperature, as well as the solution composition. Closer correlation is achieved when the test conditions match those used to coat the part.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of the spiral contractometer for measuring the internal stress of metallic coatings as produced from plating solutions on a helical cathode. The test method can be used with electrolytic and autocatalytic deposits.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: B636/B636M − 15
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Internal Stress of Plated Metallic Coatings
1
with the Spiral Contractometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B636/B636M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the use of the spiral contracto-
4.1 The test method of measuring stress with the spiral
meter for measuring the internal stress of metallic coatings as
contractometer is based on plating on the outside of a helix.
produced from plating solutions on a helical cathode. The test
The helix is formed by winding a strip around a cylinder,
method can be used with electrolytic and autocatalytic depos-
followed by annealing. In operation, one end of the helix is
its.
fixedandtheotherisallowedtomoveasstressesdevelop.The
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
free end is attached to an indicating needle through gears that
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
magnify the movement of the helix.As the helix is plated, the
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
stress in the deposit causes the helix to wind more tightly or to
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
unwind, depending on whether the stress is compressive (−) or
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
tensile (+). From the amount of needle deflection and other
with the standard.
data, the internal stress is calculated.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 With instrument modifications, the movement of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
helixcanbemeasuredelectronicallyinsteadofmechanicallyas
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
described in 4.1.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 The spiral contractometer, properly used, will give
2.1 ASTM Standards:
reproducible results (see 9.5) over a wide range of stress
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
values. Internal stress limits with this method can be specified
ASTM Test Methods
for use by both the purchaser and the producer of plated or
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
electroformed parts.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
5.2 Platingwithlargetensilestresseswillreducethefatigue
3. Terminology
strengthofaproductmadefromhigh-strengthsteel.Maximum
stresslimitscanbespecifiedtominimizethis.Otherproperties
3.1 Definitions:
affected by stress include corrosion resistance, dimensional
3.1.1 compressive stress (−)—stress that tends to cause a
deposit to expand. stability, cracking, and peeling.
3.1.2 internal stress—thenetstressthatremainsinadeposit
5.3 In control of electroforming solutions, the effects of
whenitisfreefromexternalforces.Theinternalstresstendsto
stress are more widely recognized, and the control of stress is
compress or stretch the deposits.
usuallynecessarytoobtainausableelectroform.Internalstress
3.1.3 tensile stress (+)—stress that tends to cause a deposit
limits can be determined and specified for production control.
to contract.
5.4 Internal stress values obtained by the spiral contracto-
meterdonotnecessarilyreflecttheinternalstressvaluesfound
onapartplatedinthesamesolution.Internalstressvarieswith
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeB08onMetallic
and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.10 on many factors, such as coating thickness, preparation of
Test Methods.
substrate, current density, and temperature, as well as the
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published December 2015. Originally
solution composition. Closer correlation is achieved when the
approvedin1978.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2010asB636–84(2010).DOI:
10.1520/B0636_B0636M-15. test conditions match those used to coat the part.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B636/B636M − 15
6. Apparatus 7.3 Because the temperature of the plating solution may
affect the internal stress, it shall be maintained within 2°C
6.1 The spiral contractometer is described by A. Brenner
2 [6.5°F]duringthetest.Theinitialrestpointoftheindicatorand
and S. Senderoff.
the final rest point are both taken at the operating temperature
NOTE 1—Spiral contractometers are available from many of the
of the pla
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B636 − 84 (Reapproved 2010) B636/B636M − 15
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Internal Stress of Plated Metallic Coatings
1
with the Spiral Contractometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B636;B636/B636M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the use of the spiral contractometer for measuring the internal stress of metallic coatings as
produced from plating solutions on a helical cathode. The test method can be used with electrolytic and autocatalytic deposits.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 compressive stress (−)—stress that tends to cause a deposit to expand.
3.1.2 internal stress—the net stress that remains in a deposit when it is free from external forces. The internal stress tends to
compress or stretch the deposits.
3.1.3 tensile stress (+)—stress that tends to cause a deposit to contract.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The test method of measuring stress with the spiral contractometer is based on plating on the outside of a helix. The helix
is formed by winding a strip around a cylinder, followed by annealing. In operation, one end of the helix is fixed and the other
is allowed to move as stresses develop. The free end is attached to an indicating needle through gears that magnify the movement
of the helix. As the helix is plated, the stress in the deposit causes the helix to wind more tightly or to unwind, depending on
whether the stress is compressive (−) or tensile (+). From the amount of needle deflection and other data, the internal stress is
calculated.
4.2 With instrument modifications, the movement of the helix can be measured electronically instead of mechanically as
described in 3.14.1.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The spiral contractometer, properly used, will give reproducible results (see 8.59.5) over a wide range of stress values.
Internal stress limits with this method can be specified for use by both the purchaser and the producer of plated or electroformed
parts.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.10 on Test
Methods.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010Nov. 1, 2015. Published November 2010 December 2015. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 20062010
e01
as B636 – 84(2006)(2010). . DOI: 10.1520/B0636-84R10.10.1520/B0636_B0636M-15.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B636/B636M − 15
5.2 Plating with large tensile stresses will reduce the fatigue strength of a product made from high-strength steel. Maximum
stress limits can be specified to minimize this. Other properties affected by stress include corrosion resistance, dimensional
stability, cracking, and peeling.
5.3 In control of electroforming solutions, the effects of stress are more widely recognized, and the control of stress is usually
necessary to obtain a usable electroform. Internal stress limits can be determined and specified for production control.
5.4 Internal stress values obtained by the spiral contractometer do not necessarily reflect the internal stress values found on a
part plated in the same solution. Internal stress varies with many factors, such as coating thickness, preparation of substrate, current
density, and temperature, as well as the solution composition. Cl
...
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