ASTM D5416-95(2007)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluating Abrasion Resistance of Stretch Wrap Films by Vibration Testing
Standard Test Method for Evaluating Abrasion Resistance of Stretch Wrap Films by Vibration Testing
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended to provide only a comparative procedure for evaluating unknown films against a standard or control film whose performance has been defined as adequate in actual field conditions.
This test method leaves open to the discretion of the user several key factors, including film wrap method, abrasion surfaces, and definition of failure, so that it can be tailored to an individual user’distribution parameters.
This test method is meant to simulate, in an accelerated mode, the abrasion that an outer wrapping of film might encounter in a typical shipping and distribution environment.
This is a test procedure that allows the user to make relative comparisons of the abrasion resistance of a film, such as that the film is containing a palletized load while that load is undergoing vibration.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method compares the abrasion resistance of similar types of stretch wrap films.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D5416–95 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Abrasion Resistance of Stretch Wrap Films by
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Vibration Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5416; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method compares the abrasion resistance of 4.1 This test method is intended to provide only a compara-
similar types of stretch wrap films. tive procedure for evaluating unknown films against a standard
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the or control film whose performance has been defined as
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the adequate in actual field conditions.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 4.2 Thistestmethodleavesopentothediscretionoftheuser
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- several key factors, including film wrap method, abrasion
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. surfaces, and definition of failure, so that it can be tailored to
an individual user’s distribution parameters.
2. Referenced Documents
4.3 This test method is meant to simulate, in an accelerated
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
mode, the abrasion that an outer wrapping of film might
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ- encounter in a typical shipping and distribution environment.
ments
4.4 This is a test procedure that allows the user to make
D999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Con- relative comparisons of the abrasion resistance of a film, such
tainers
as that the film is containing a palletized load while that load
is undergoing vibration.
3. Terminology
5. Equipment and Preparation
3.1 Definitions—General definitions for packaging and dis-
tribution environments are found in Terminology D996. 5.1 Load Wrapping Apparatus—A machine or apparatus to
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: wrap the test load. The method of application is preferably as
3.2.1 overlap—the width of stretch wrap material that
near as possible to that used in an actual production situation
covers a previous layer of stretch wrap material. (for example, stretch wrapper or manual wrapping unit).
3.2.2 stretch wrap material—a material used for overwrap-
5.2 Vertical Vibration Table, preferably equipped with the
ping, which when applied under tension, elongates and con- capability of varying the frequency or amplitude, or both, of
forms to the item(s) packaged through elastic recovery.
vibrationinacontrolledfashionandmaintainingasetvibration
3.2.3 wrap cycle—the series of operations used to wrap a mode.
load.
5.3 Upright Supports—Rigid upright supports that can be
bolted or secured otherwise to the vibration table. These
supports shall also be adjusted laterally so as to confine the test
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on load and prevent excessive side to side movement or toppling.
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.25 on Palletizing
5.4 Abrasive Surfaces, attached to the inner faces of upright
and Unitizing of Loads.
supports so that the wrapped test load comes into contact with
Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published May 2007. Originally
and abrades against this surface during the test sequence.
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D5416 – 95 (2001).
DOI: 10.1520/D5416-95R07.
5.4.1 The abrasive surface can be composed of any one of a
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
variety of possible substances, chosen at the user’s discretion,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
to simulate the actual abrasive surfaces that might be encoun-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. tered in the actual distribution cycle. Possibilities include
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D5416–95 (2007)
roughsideofexterior-gradeplywood,woodenslats,corrugated 6.8 Record the amount of damage at the end of the test
metal, corrugated paperboard, brick facings, and standard grit period or time to failure.
sandpaper.
7. Report
5.5 Timing Device—Stopwatch, clock, or timer.
5.6 Accelerometer (optional), which may be used to mea- 7.1 Report the following information:
7.2 Test Unit:
sure the output response of the test load at various vibration
table input amplitudes. This is the most accurate way of
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