ASTM D3161-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Wind-Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)
Standard Test Method for Wind-Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Most asphalt shingles that have demonstrated wind resistance by this test have also performed well in use. Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test to simulate. The results of this test do not directly correlate to wind speeds experienced in service, and no accommodation is made in this test method for building height, building exposure category, or building importance factor.
Many factors influence the sealing characteristics of shingles in the field; for example, temperature, time, roof slope, contamination by dirt and debris, and fasteners that are misaligned or under-driven and interfere with sealing. It is beyond the scope of this test method to address all of these influences. When testing shingles with sealant, this test method is designed to determine the wind resistance when representative samples of shingles are sealed under defined conditions before testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for testing the wind resistance of asphalt shingles when applied to a test deck on low slopes in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions at the most susceptible slope for wind damage of 2:12 (17 %) permitted by those instructions. It is used to benchmark the blow-off resistance of sealed and interlocked shingles at a given wind velocity, but may be used to test unsealed or sealed shingles at other wind velocities as is applicable.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3161–08
Standard Test Method for
1
Wind-Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3161; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4.1.1 Type I—Shingles with a factory-applied adhesive
(self-sealing shingles).
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for testing the
4.1.2 Type II—Shingles of the lock type, with mechanically
wind resistance of asphalt shingles when applied to a test deck
interlocking tabs or ears.
on low slopes in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruc-
4.2 Shingles are of three classes:
tions at the most susceptible slope for wind damage of 2:12
4.2.1 Class A—Pass at a test velocity of 97 km/h (60 mph).
(17 %) permitted by those instructions. It is used to benchmark
4.2.2 Class D—Pass at a test velocity of 145 km/h (90
the blow-off resistance of sealed and interlocked shingles at a
mph).
given wind velocity, but may be used to test unsealed or sealed
4.2.3 Class F—Pass at a test velocity of 177 km/h (110
shingles at other wind velocities as is applicable.
mph).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
5. Significance and Use
only.
5.1 Most asphalt shingles that have demonstrated wind
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
resistance by this test have also performed well in use. Natural
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
to simulate. The results of this test do not directly correlate to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
wind speeds experienced in service, and no accommodation is
2. Referenced Documents made in this test method for building height, building exposure
2
category, or building importance factor.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.2 Many factors influence the sealing characteristics of
D 1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproof-
shinglesinthefield;forexample,temperature,time,roofslope,
ing
contamination by dirt and debris, and fasteners that are
3. Terminology misaligned or under-driven and interfere with sealing. It is
beyond the scope of this test method to address all of these
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
influences.When testing shingles with sealant, this test method
method, refer to Terminology D 1079.
is designed to determine the wind resistance when representa-
4. Type and Classes of Shingles
tive samples of shingles are sealed under defined conditions
before testing.
4.1 Shingles are of two types:
6. Apparatus
6.1 Test Machine, capable of delivering a horizontal stream
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing
of air through a rectangular opening 914 mm (36 in.) wide and
and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on
305 mm (12 in.) high at a velocity not less than 97 km/h (60
Prepared Roofings, Shingles and Siding Materials.
mph). At a velocity of not less than 177 km/h (110 mph), it is
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2008. Published March 2008. Originally
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D 3161 – 06.
permissible to add a duct section to the equipment to lower the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
height of the rectangular opening to 152 mm (6 in.). The test
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
velocity shall not vary more than 65 mph as measured at a
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. minimum of three evenly spaced locations across the orifice.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3161–08
The machine shall be equipped with an adjustable stand to course up from the bottom of the panel. The test slope shall be
receive a test panel and be adapted to setting the test panel at 2:12 (17 %) for self-sealing shingles, and at the lowest slope
any desired slope, at any horizontal distance from the lower recommended by the manufacturer for lock-type shingles.
edge of the duct opening, and at various angles incident to the
10.1.1 Tes
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3161–06 Designation: D 3161 – 08
Standard Test Method for
1
Wind-Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3161; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for testing the wind resistance of asphalt shingles when applied to a test deck on low
slopes in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions at the most susceptible slope for wind damage of 2 in. in 12 in.2:12
(17 %) permitted by those instructions. It is used to benchmark the blow-off resistance of sealed and interlocked shingles at a given
wind velocity, but may be used to test unsealed or sealed shingles at other wind velocities as is applicable.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Type and Classes of Shingles
2.1Shingles are of two types:
2.1.1Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D 1079.
4. Type and Classes of Shingles
4.1 Shingles are of two types:
4.1.1 Type I—Shingles with a factory-applied adhesive (self-sealing shingles).
2.1.2
4.1.2 Type II—Shingles of the lock type, with mechanically interlocking tabs or ears.
2.2Shingles are of three classes:
2.2.1
4.2 Shingles are of three classes:
4.2.1 Class A—Pass at a test velocity of 97 km/h (60 mph).
2.2.2
4.2.2 Class D—Pass at a test velocity of 145 km/h (90 mph).
2.2.3
4.2.3 Class F—Pass at a test velocity of 177 km/h (110 mph).
3.
5. Significance and Use
3.1Most5.1 Most asphalt shingles that have demonstrated wind resistance by this test have also performed well in use. Natural
wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test to
simulate. The results of this test do not directly correlate to wind speeds experienced in service, and no accommodation is made
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on Prepared
Roofings, Shingles,Shingles and Siding Materials.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2006.Jan. 15, 2008. Published August 2006.March 2008. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 20052006 as
D 3161 – 056.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3161–08
in this test method for building height, building exposure category, or building importance factor.
3.2Many5.2 Many factors influence the sealing characteristics of shingles in the field; for example, temperature, time, roof
slope, contamination by dirt and debris, and fasteners that are misaligned or under-driven and interfere with sealing. It is beyond
the scope of this test method to address all of these influences. When testing shingles with sealant, this test method is designed
to determine the wind resistance when representative samples of shingles are sealed under defined conditions before testing.
4.6. Apparatus
4.1
6.1 Test Machine, capable of delivering a horizontal stream of air through a rectangular opening 914 mm (36 in.) wide and 305
mm (12 in.) high at a velocity not less than 97 km/h (60 mph).At a velocity of not less than 177 km/h (110 mph), it is permissible
to add a duct section to the equipment to lower the height of the rectangular opening to 152 mm (6 in.). The test velocity shall
not vary more than 65 mph as measured at a min
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.