ASTM E514-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Water Penetration and Leakage Through Masonry
Standard Test Method for Water Penetration and Leakage Through Masonry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides information that aids in evaluating the effect of four principal variables: materials, coatings, wall design, and workmanship.
Water penetration and leakage through masonry is significantly affected by air pressure in the test chamber. Data from tests made at different pressures are not comparable.
The performance of a masonry wall is a function of materials, construction, wall design, and maintenance. In service the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting structure and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, such as corrosion, vibration, thermal expansion and contraction, curing, and others. It is impossible to simulate the complex conditions encountered in service, such as variations in wind velocity, negative pressure, and lateral or upward moving air and water. Factors such as location, exposure, and wall openings should be considered.
Given the complexity of variables noted above, this test method establishes comparative behavior between various masonry wall constructions in a given laboratory.
Even when a single laboratory tests the same wall design utilizing the same wall materials and the same construction practices, variables such as the level of skill of the mason building the specimen, the temperature and humidity in the laboratory at the time of construction, curing of the specimen, the moisture contents of the materials used to build the specimen, and even the use or lack of use of a lime and water wash on the back of the specimen can affect the results of the test making reliable comparisons dubious. For these reasons and the multi-variables listed in 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3, a meaningful, useful, absolute wall leakage rating standard is impractical and discouraged.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method provides a procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration and leakage through unit masonry subjected to wind-driven rain.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 6.
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Designation:E514–08
Standard Test Method for
1
Water Penetration and Leakage Through Masonry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 514; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 4. Significance and Use
2
1.1 This laboratory test method provides a procedure for 4.1 This test method provides information that aids in
determining the resistance to water penetration and leakage evaluating the effect of four principal variables: materials,
through unit masonry subjected to wind-driven rain. coatings, wall design, and workmanship.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 4.2 Water penetration and leakage through masonry is
standard. The values in parentheses are mathematical conver- significantly affected by air pressure in the test chamber. Data
sions to inch-pound units that are provided for information from tests made at different pressures are not comparable.
only and are not considered standard. 4.3 The performance of a masonry wall is a function of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the materials, construction, wall design, and maintenance. In
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the service the performance will also depend on the rigidity of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- supporting structure and on the resistance of components to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- deterioration by various causes, such as corrosion, vibration,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific thermal expansion and contraction, curing, and others. It is
hazard statement, see Section 6. impossible to simulate the complex conditions encountered in
service, such as variations in wind velocity, negative pressure,
2. Referenced Documents
and lateral or upward moving air and water. Factors such as
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
location, exposure, and wall openings should be considered.
C 270 Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry 4.4 Given the complexity of variables noted above, this test
C 1232 Terminology of Masonry
method establishes comparative behavior between various
4
2.2 American Concrete Institute Standard:
masonry wall constructions in a given laboratory.
ACI 530/ASCE 5/TMS 402 Building Code Requirements 4.5 Even when a single laboratory tests the same wall
for Masonry Structures
design utilizing the same wall materials and the same construc-
ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602 Specifications for Masonry tion practices, variables such as the level of skill of the mason
Structures
building the specimen, the temperature and humidity in the
laboratory at the time of construction, curing of the specimen,
3. Terminology
the moisture contents of the materials used to build the
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to
specimen, and even the use or lack of use of a lime and water
Terminology C 1232.
wash on the back of the specimen can affect the results of the
test making reliable comparisons dubious. For these reasons
and the multi-variables listed in 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3, a meaningful,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
useful, absolute wall leakage rating standard is impractical and
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C15.04 on Research. discouraged.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2008.PublishedJuly2008.Originallyapproved
in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E 514 – 06.
5. Apparatus
2
This test method is based upon those used by the National Bureau of Standards
5.1 Test Chamber—Use a test chamber similar to that
and described in NBS Report BMS7, “Water Permeability of Masonry Walls,” 1933,
and NBS Report BMS82, “Water Permeability of Walls Built of Masonry Units,” shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Provide an opening with a
2 2
1942.
minimum area of 1.08 m (12 ft ). For example, 900 mm
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
(36 in.) wide and 1200 mm (48 in.) high is suitable. Line the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
edges of the chamber in contact with the specimen with a
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
closed-cellcompressiblegasketmaterialorappropriatesealant.
4
Published by The Masonry Society, www.masonrysociety.org; American Con-
Provide an observation port in the face of the chamber. Provide
crete Institute, www.aci-int.org; and American Society of Civil Engine
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E514–06 Designation:E514–08
Standard Test Method for
1
Water Penetration and Leakage Through Masonry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 514; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This laboratory test method provides a procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration and leakage through
unit masonry subjected to wind-driven rain.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are mathematical conversions to
inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 6.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards: ASTM Standards:
C 270 Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry
C 1232 Terminology of Masonry
4
2.2 American Concrete Institute Standard:
ACI 530/ASCE 5/TMS 402 Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures
ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602 Specifications for Masonry Structures
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology C 1232.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method provides information that aids in evaluating the effect of four principal variables: materials, coatings, wall
design, and workmanship.
4.2 Water penetration and leakage through masonry is significantly affected by air pressure in the test chamber. Data from tests
made at different pressures are not comparable.
4.3 The performance of a masonry wall is a function of materials, construction, wall design, and maintenance. In service the
performancewillalsodependontherigidityofsupportingstructureandontheresistanceofcomponentstodeteriorationbyvarious
causes,suchascorrosion,vibration,thermalexpansionandcontraction,curing,andothers.Itisimpossibletosimulatethecomplex
conditions encountered in service, such as variations in wind velocity, negative pressure, and lateral or upward moving air and
water. Factors such as location, exposure, and wall openings should be considered.
4.4 Given the complexity of variables noted above, this test method establishes comparative behavior between various masonry
wall constructions in a given laboratory.
4.5 Even when a single laboratory tests the same wall design utilizing the same wall materials and the same construction
practices, variables such as the level of skill of the mason building the specimen, the temperature and humidity in the laboratory
at the time of construction, curing of the specimen, the moisture contents of the materials used to build the specimen, and even
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC15onManufacturedMasonryUnitsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC15.04onResearch.
Current edition approved Dec.June 1, 2006.2008. Published January 2007.July 2008. Originally approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 20052006 as
E514–05c.E 514 – 06.
2
This test method is based upon those used by the National Bureau of Standards and described in NBS Report BMS7, “Water Permeability of Masonry Walls,” 1933, and
NBS Report BMS82, “Water Permeability of Walls Built of Masonry Units,” 1942.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Published by The Masonry Society, www.masonrysociety.org; American Concrete Institute, www.aci-int.org; and American Society of Civil Engineers,
www.asce.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E514–08
the use or lack of use of a lime and water wash on the back of the specimen can affect the results of the test making reliable
comparisons dubious. For these reasons and
...
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